Math 276 Di¤erential Equations

Exercises 10
Higher Order Equations - Part I

1. Show that ex and e x

are solutions of y 00 y = 0: Hence show that sinhx and coshx
are also solutions.
ex e x
ex + e x
(Hint: sinhx = ; coshx = )
2 2
p p
2. Verify that 1 and x are solutions of yy 00 + (y 0 )2 = 0 over (0; 1) but that c1 + c2 x
is not a solution. Why?

3. Verify that f1 and f2 are solutions and determine in which interval they form a fun-
demantal set of solutions by computing W (f1 ; f2 ):
a) y 00 2y 0 + y = 0; f1 = ex and f2 = xex

b) y 00 y0 y = 0; f1 = e x
and f2 = e2x

c) x2 y 00 x(x + 2)y 0 + (x + 2)y = 0; f1 = x and f2 = xex

4. Find the homogeneous linear di¤erential equation of order 3 (with continuous coe¢ -
cients) which has the given set as a fundemantal set
a) x; x2 ; ex

b) x; sin x; cos x

5. Show that
a) e3x ; e x
and e4x are solutions to the di¤erential equation

y 000 6y 00 + 5y 0 + 12y = 0

b) e3x ; e x
; e4x is the fundamental set of solutions of the above equation

Write the general solution of the equation.

6. Examine whether the given functions linearly independent in their domain of de…nition
a) 4; x b)1; 2; x; x2 c) x; 2x; x2

d) ex ; xex ; x2 ex e) sin x; cos x; cos 2x f) 1; sin x; cos 2x

g) 1; arcsin x; arccos x h) ; arcsin x; arccos x i) 1=x; e1=x

j) x; ln x k) e3x ; e x
; e4x

7. Determine the intervals for which a unique solution of each of the following linear
di¤erential equations satisfying the initial conditions y(x0 ) = y0 ; y 0 (x0 ) = y1 where
x0 is any point in the interval, is certain to exist.

a) xy 00 + 3y = x b) ex y 00 + xy 0 + y = tan x

c) (1 + x2 )y 00 + 4y 0 = ex d) x(x 1)y 00 + 3xy 0 + 4y = 2

e) y 00 + 6y 0 + 7y = 2 sin x f) y 00 + (cos x)y 0 + (3 ln jxj) y = 0

Prepared by U.Yüksel