363

2. Forces In e 111
·
EERIN i---;w polygon. qu brlum form a close-=-·

,- - - - - - - -- - - -- - --- --- --- ---

HANIC I

5,Afl~S
~ FORCE POLYGON
MECHANICS PRINCIPLE '------------ - ------ -------:
isASIC
t b. dCut ~ expose technique for FBD (free
3
,torces in equilibrium: o y diagram).
. Fo _________ - - - - - - - - - - -,
1
---

F, w I
I
FJ I I
,I ____ ______ _____
I ___ _______ , I

-------------------------~
I Fx = 0 4 · Tension on continuous chord
I Fy = 0 running through smooth pulleys
tM= 0 .- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- ,
: ~,,.rQ4~ ~

COMPONENTS OF FORCES I
I
I
T'I
I A
I
I "f F
:Fy I
I
Fx = Fsin a I

Fy = Fcos a ~-------------------------•
Fx 5. Normal Reaction Principle 0~
I
··- -- - - - - - - - - I -"Where there is contact, there is a -Gj
--------- reaction"
_j~
Oo
I ----- I
I I Cf.)~
--- - - - - - - -- --- ---,
A
5:~
c.n~
odo
LU :Z
Tx = Tcos e ~8
Ty= Tsin 8 e-..f=
ffi~
~!::
--- --- I ~._
------ I ------------ ------------ --
I
'. gz
~~
-------

W ' LO i
 364
365
-----------, for half length:
,~,
I
,-- I
IV. FRICTION
I
I
- - l
:- - - - m r,n
- : -----
: -- ,. ~ -+ s96 flgure below
'
.----- - - ---- -~
~-
I .. .. .. .. ..
: ....,Ill{
•••
2
k-f,~----1/dJ!
I
-
I
I f(Of~
b i;~
V.,
I
I :
I i§~~
( ,,--- --· Si/2
I
IT
~z
ig
r : ../~ ~ 1w2
1r:5~.1 l(
·- - - ---- - - -... - ... --
'
'
...---
~-----'"-.,_.,,.,.
::a-

VI where :
N = normal reaction
µ = coefficient " friction
µ=tan ♦
♦ = ar.gle of friction
r♦\ N
----------~--:ii
I
I
:
0
0
w
;;,,- """'
.
...,w
~d
~5 ·----
I
FREE BODY DIA Gr
-------------•
I
LMA=O ··•.'
1
(of exact value, use integrati on
note:
f=µN when there is motion or I~
c? 3 6. For smooth------
~(/)
floating pulley.
------------ ,
wx(i)-Hd=O dS" ( dx
dy)2
+ 1 dx or motion impend s
f< µN otherwise i3
B ,- ------
I
(!) c,=>
~~
~U
~~
!;z..J

:
:
I

T'\_
6

/T :
I

wx 2
H = --
2d
Consid er the force triangle:
to attain it R & W
.-----------,a~
For maxim um inclinat ion of an ~ ~
incline d plane without sliding :
,

3: 0
W ,
I
~
::)
-
I
UJ ::::> se 566 topic under Integral Calculu s . must be co-linear as , ~ • u.,O
a:: c.) /1111 . in the figure so that: : 1±: ~
t!:~ c:aO
~ 0
~.5'
:
,_ - --- - - - - - - -
iw
--- -- - --- - -
:
wxj~ I cATENARY
a.=• I
I
~
: ' Ii
~
30 NOTE: The suspend ed cable will take
r Fx= o lht shape of a catenary when the uniform ly
I
I
i lt' TcosP Tcos8 0
= ~ Tcos p = Tcos8
~Cl) P=8

= =
From force triangle :

H
itstribuled load is acting along the length of
tecable
-- - ------ ----- --~ V. BELT FRICTION
·--- --- -- -- - - .. aa ffi
2
• - -- ~_,,•- w~
WU
T = ✓(wx) + H
(/)~ 2
WU //. PARABOLIC CABLE S Zll
z~ ~~ . -· T2 note: belt friction is present when the belt ::Ju
I ·t:=1
:::J U note: The shape of a suspend ed cable slide against the ~:.'!~':I!!'~ ___________ ., ;
~
~ ff3 is assumed to be a parabola when the
Length of Cable directio n of rotation m·c. :
~ ~ uniformly distributed load is acting on the
~ ~ horizontal projection
~•7'.· ·""'.:•l 4·~~.,, -,,~. Y2
T, = ·~ · ~__ __,. : ~~
~~ ~----- ----- ------------ --- ---~ Approx imate Formula Xt X2
···> X
T2 T2 ', . : ~f
···----------- - - - -- -- - --- - ---- - I Q►
Q>-
_ct::
..JG:i
JJJ JJJ JJJ JJ w ' 8d 2 32d
S=L +- - -3-
JL SL

4
where :
µ = coefficient of
: -~
: .J ~
T : 0 @
-1=1,
T1 =wy1 belt friction
0~ 2
T2 = w Y2
0 = angle of T, : Cl) c,
!!
For Symme trical Cable: 2 2
(/)~ = C + s1 y/ = c 2 + s /
~~~::~ -;h~-~~I;~~~ - -
1 Y1
::::c:> L = 2x
~~
oe1:::::E
~~
U2 .
1_ - - - - - - - - - - - -

I
- -

U2
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
I
I
For Unsym metrica l Cable:
L1=2x 1 & L2=2X2

Y1 =ccosh ~
C
Y2 = ccosh 1
C

0~nr~~i~ns)
the drum !I
~f'E
II
~(/)
!~
;~
~~.
.· ~
 366
367
FREELY ~,!_~~ Boor.- PROBLEM:
oYNAMICS
l ;,nu:~ NsLAnON
A stone is thrown vertically upward
- Motion is considered a case 3:
,. from the edge of an overhanging cliff""'"
object Which is ll'lov~free la,i 10 m high. On its downward flight, it
I
upward or downward is g Vel!il1,~ V2:: • missed the edge of the cliff and hit the
i ~ . Translation in a straight path upon by the force of gravity acted ~ s =. 2 ground 30 seconds after it was thrown.
' a = • 9.81 mts Find:
ffio
w% ~--v1
-------------------------- ''
~o ➔ ➔
~ o:~ °"'
a Vz ' • For analysis, use the sallle a. the initial velocity
I -+ :
in case 2 above except that: 1 b. maximum height
~•
i3: T
'
:..------=-=-S:,... flt i ' c. time to reach the maximum height
1:
W1 I
a= +9.81 ~ When v is dawn.... --- ---------~
!i~
i•
U,
, I
I
________
S __.., I
II
zero s
1
--~~ I ~ ( tv2 -~
:i
-- /·~,,
'
, ''
I
i' '' ''
; I ________________________ • • - _ I
5MAx
0 a = acceleration .
a=_ 9.81 2m whenv1 IsupWart1 case 4:
-;;J. ~ s = distance traveled s
rv1 ~
ffi-5 v = velocity
~~ t =time
5
= vertical displacement from Poinl i
to point 2
V2::
s =+
+
2 ~l r's2
=\&~1 : o=>'
w,0
~g
,I
I ; a = + 9.81 m/s .
= + when in the same direction as [,_Jv2
~ ~ £2~!~!..Velocity
i~
~(.)
Case 1: 5
s =_when in the oppos1·1e d'Irectioii 1I
!z...1
u.,::>
ffi () v2 -_
V1
+ ·,t in the same direction asv
81
·: s=-10mU !v 2 i ...... o
,.,_ ...I
~~
~maxim.um height: v2 = o
i5 ~
::::: u v = average/constant velocity I I ·-- ___ 1
:·------- ----------
i1~ Case 2:feO:,~~t ~cce/erat/on
I
o(S(I)

>-
~
V2 = V1
v2
2
=

+at
v/ +2as
.

Cases of Analysis
Case 1:

~2•
11M15:

v 2 + 2as
o• v,1+ 2 (•g)s
V1
s = 2g
2
J
a. S = V1t + -
1
2
• _10 = V1(30) + 1 (-9.81 )(30)2
.
= 146.8 m/S .
,2
II
o(S (/)
· w
r/)_i
V2 = + V1 WO
en~ fv2
L
WO 1 2 za:
za:
s = v1t+-at
2 s :
s=+
a =. 9.81 m/s2
Time to reach maximum height
V
2
146.82
:::rn
:Ju . tat b. Sm= - 1- = - - = 1098.4m
I~
Y1 •V1
1/J note: a = • for deceleration
t O= v, + (•g)i 2g 2(9.81)
I
Vt
~ !liJs: Stotal : Sm+ 10 = 1108 m 0
a.
~ ~ Case 3: Constantly varying
i ll: acceleration
t=~
g c) time to reach maximum height:
if
Or'i
0~ m . , ,w
~
Case 2: V1 146.8 -Iii
Jotal lime of flight to return the t= - =-- =15secs ..J:E
Oo
sl ,
Jiu v= ds V2 = • ,Ound: g 9.81
Q~ dt Cl)~
s=+ 2
Cl) ~
if:I
en
-cs

a = dv _ dv
~ - note: Problem f .

di --as =ds
-
V

v dv
t
t··
Vt

a = • 9.81 rn/S
t = 2v1
g
~I
~I!:
ffl
·II
;:/ solved usin tee o_ this type can be
~ ~ Equations g
Diffe,.,ti,i Eq".,.;:•
h;iques of Differential
topic Unde,
.. \ ., ,

lI
1.
 368 369
2gh MOTION OBJECTS TIED INTO A STRING
- 2 ·
£0~-~---------------, ----- - - - - - - - ~:
W A''
R= sin2e s1necose ,pcut.AR
1 :
1- - - -
I
iv, v,:'~'
_.-
,'
, • • • • ·•- ~ I
•,
v~-:~
V,y :

' IV2y I
:
1

~
Therefore:
~
~ :--j;~,
'II ✓A~:. '
i Horizontal Circular Motion
-
I
- - - - - - - - Via:'" - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..,
'-
~>-
ffi~
II,~:
,'
: VIiii : 0 0 0 V#/liWli 0 VliW,, !:!i!!Z
: ¾V~li I Vertical ~~
w• I V
: . "·····~·-·· ·~
V27.=V1a ANGULAR
- . ,-mef!,0TION.
-use sa --""0 -
l
,
,If/@!
~ ·t)'
_,JIJ..fiic ,., •
1g
ii
• : ,
~Iii• R-V,,t
~ ~ : Honzontal Projection t,aoslatioo 10"'1u~, : ~_j w
~~ ~----------------------------- ro, s bY e, and
except that as
a bYath at1s:in rectir
You ilce ~ :' ______ _ ________________ ,'
(0 I
I
. rep1 I~ '' ' -------------------------· ....J-0
-;J rn v,, :: v, cos 0
o>2 = co +at
1
;~I velocity· the vel_ocity of an IF,= 0 ~3
i%3 v,r:: v, sin 0 CF-Tcose = 0
(!)::,
wO
(!)::> • ,2 • • 1 •__, •"'"' oO a ,ert,cal d<eula<
~ ~ note: Analyze the horizontal projection 1 + 2as ~--,hat will make the Centrifugal !z~
, - u as a constant velocity motion and the
~ 3vertical projection as a freely falling
0 = ro
2
1
+ at2
11

~ exactly equal to the weight of the

~ wi,en ii is at the topmost part of
W v2
--=T-
g R L
R
~en
!z3
u.,:::::,
....,::> body. 2 W ro 2R2 L ixo
u.i__.
---x-=T
tEg
..... <
note: 1i1 circJe. g R R l±<
c50
,jgR
i VcRmCAL ."'
--
Ii
oU
iI
:5 Maximu~1!.! -. --------
ot,Ul
:r

From,q,alioo of freOy t,n;og body,

v2
h:....!L: V1 sin 0
. 2 - 2

s =0R
v = coR
a =aR
J f!CSP' velocity - minimum tangential
lliOci1Y of a satellite/spacecraft
i!QUired to defeat the gravitational pull
T • ~•'L I ~(/)
o11he earth (or moon, other planets, IFr=O
en~ 2g29 Cl)~
,~
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE lie.) beyond which, the said satellite Tsin 0-W = 0 WO
WO
Z(( - -- - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - ............ Ii be driven away from the earth.
RU-~ ~ ·to,.r,':~ ~~2'. ..-·
zir
::::iU Range, R v2
·,
I
W ro 2L sine= W
g
::::rn
= ✓29R J
_ _d ~•
~ffl _..,...,,._ ' ' VescAPE
~i R =v1, t
0
~ 0 2v sin0=_L
~~ but:t= ~
~!l. g
R=radius of circular path
p9.81 m/s2 ro 2L ii
0~ -- - - -• - '. I
Ol'i
Ji R=v cose(2v sin0J 1
1
2 -1-
_JUJ
0~
li
Oo 9 R
(/)~ ~
en~
~I
v/sin 20 ➔ equation 1
R= ~ W = weight of moving object (in
~
Newton)
~ but: v= tangential velocity (mis)
2
~I!: g = 9.81 m/s
u, V1r
2
= 2gh R = radius of curvature (m) ~I!:
l
·-w 2 2
~ v, sin 8 = 29 h
ffi v,2 = 2gh
o- - ➔ b .
sin2 8 su st,tute to equation 1
II
 370
h
371
__________ .,
. I c;rcu/ar Motion
Verli~ "----------------~
®A~~~
OBJECTS SLt01t-1G ie: _______
----ll:):r/1~. r. ·
OTHER USEFUL PRINCIPLES:
I~: , - ·
,~ ----t,- CF :
!_".'.'~-~~~ SV""~e, f-/ e' f
I I
-·~• N 1. D1t1np PaJ!~~
:
I
W1 :
I
W0 I
·same time! Same Place!"
T1 --, □ i -- •,, :
1
,19~
cF= R
Wv
- · For two moving object to
I
~: V1 I '-,,,. : '
', I
I
,i
,_;,..
g meet, they must meet at the
~
% :o ' 5 .same place and traveled the
8Ill
I
: . a:• -------
r , , -~ . ·:ll; ··- - ------
I J
I I l '• , ~ .-
tor a given same time (i.e. 4 = te).
:. ~ ,: · '_. - - - t,anking
13! ; ' ,----
i an!J1e of d Angle
through
d a h'i-way
However, if t... = t hrs. and:
i ~· 1'i•'idea1 spee . roun without • B left his initial point x hours
..JI
I&. I 11 de~gna car canskidding or late,
ia: ,w2 ~lch without ·de thrust.
·- , ' ..,rve. cing s1 - t n 0
..Jlfl I
·-...'•!' .,.,9A'enen1evat1·onf-hi-way
a ( r ideal ta=t-~ ~3
ffi~~: hF 2 2 o f (!)::,
~
(J ,_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
V2 = v, +2as· uP8r e peed o . n angle o . w -O
1
...,~ note: where. ·gn s )- mu
i ,,sd~~
SF.'~ 3 give
tor st be ex
pressed m • B arrived x hours late, !z~'
~"' 1. At the top position, th_e tension in
~:,
i!:J
the string and the velocity are both
minimum.
,, .,, = ''"''"''' "''"""'. .
5 and point 1 respectively ~ 1 ,rJs 2
. Iacernent fronlillli;j ,9.s1m
. d1sp
= vertical . 15
,...,.
of curv~ure
of the hi-way
. ta;: J+-x 13
~::::,..
LUO
~~ 2. At the lowest position, both the point to final point
2
l ,,a<11u5
tt:: ;;!
so velocity and the tension in the string a=+ 9.81 m/s2 ifs is d<>wr,wird
a =. 9.81 m/s ifs is UJ)Ward
curv8· iSCJ
~ are maximum. 2. Relative Velocity Technique
I Ii
2Ui"'"'J;.'r!'lt:.r:"!!
0
Ill
a:: • Notice that the above are the~. tAXIMUM SPEED THAT A CAR CAN • Use this technique when the motion
for an object lied on a string. r,JVEL f!2!!.!'!,.A HI-WAY CURVE
~ Critical Ve~e;f!¥ of two moving objects is parallel.
~
GO~ • m(nimum tolerable velocity at the top IDEAL ANGLE OF B . Th!~~l!l.!l,f~c_!lo_!i_i§_IQ _b_e_~~r}s_i~~i:,e.9 case 1: Two objects moving o0 ffl
d pos1t1on . that c3 ffi
,~
~ will allow continuous HI-WAYCURVE ANKJNGFORA :·· 1W independently
z a: vertical Circular motion. ~ ?= · : Zit:
:Hi - It is the angle throu . : ~ CF
• When they are traveling in the :Jo
=.J9R opposite direction:
~~

VcRmCAL
v/ =v,2 + 2as
can travel along a h' gh, which aca ,
skidding
.
(or ',•hway curve v.illiQj :
the:~ :
w1 out th '
R VRELATIIIE: VA+ )is I~ 0
l!!:
0~ where

e;p,enencing side thrust in

0 nct1onal reaction). :
,- - - - - - - -- -- - -- --·-· ---······", '....:······----- -- -~ - -- - - - - - - _, • When they are traveling in the Q~
if
~r
~11S1derfo ~~ _IQ~~!ll!l:. _____ ______ ~
J ~ v2 &v1 = tangential velocities at point 2 w ' I
same direction: .JW
0 o and point 1 respectively :I W 8+ 41 R ,I 0~
CJ)~ s = vertical displacement from initial I I VRELATIVE: VA - VB Cl)~
:x:I
..:cl
I I
point to final point ~ CF I I
i
g; a=+ 9.81 m/s2 ifs is downward
2
a=· 9.81 m/s if s is upward
,....... . : •. _CF
- - -- -- ---
:
I
35
a..
II '' an

. Ian (8 + ., ) = Vmax_2
1
'
go,
1
I
,
!
~
I
Ian ~leof friction
i • µ - coefficient of friction
- §
w
Q
~
~ 372
Case 2: One movin Travel

373
pROJJ,SII:
TWO men race around a circular track
pstreaff1 travel (i.e. iWorkdone )
another moving ObJeg o~lq
l
\..on an object " A(kinetic energy)
200 m lonQ• Starting trom a common case of an alrpia ct aa 1 ~
1
paint, n th8Y run In the opposite 1 ~ ~ 1 s~{n%ctJ,rent)
affected by the Wind ne rld1~• 1 .
_,,j(IS
direction, they will meet every 3 / 11 ) 7.5 ~ equation 2
on water or Is affectand a boai~ : ff.~
I:F•d=-mv/ -!rnv 2
2 2 1
minutes. While If they run in the same current. · ed by 1h. ~ ~(V vc
II
direction, th8Y will be side by side after
every _12 minutes. Find the rate of the • When they are t ~ ~ 1
tf•d=2m(v/-v,2)
taster man. opposite direction (trav:ve1111g ~ 1~~1
S2 2 5 : : (4 - Ve ) 7.5
111 wind or against the cu ng again~~ I'; l'C) :
down motion. That Is ~en1 W!l ~ ~2 ~pt,
j ·~soc.VTION : CONSERVAnON OF i~
I~
their respective Velocities{ 'lies~ ii, LAW OF
~Ill Let:
; rt, VA =velocity of faster man 'MOMENTU!,. le,. ----------- - --- ~
! ve = velocity of slower man VREu;rlVE ::: VA - V
:.I~ . ~ye I ~~' :·~ 1 V2 ~' V1V2' : ~
1 m2 ,
I/)
::>
~ 5 Traveling in the opposite direction • "!~,en -~hey are t r ~ ·
, 1 m2
I ..J
After Collision : ffi §
's Princit!le
-~g~!-~~~- ----------------------- same direction. (Traveling in\'"~ i~~-~--------
b rt ---------1 : Before Collision
direction as the wind or Water·~ (' t D••-- "'
I 4-a
, .
• : ~-----------------------------· !z<
'\;'c-+
"
- : set this manh will speed up motion. That is Ci.lriq -0
~.3:tores! 1 1:F J I :I
w:l,
~~: ~------ ~·----
·.,
"!EL.ATIVE
-vA+vs add the respective velocities) ~ 'to!
:....
~
-·------ --- - - - - - - - -- - - --- _,
I
m1 v1 + m2v2 = m1 v1' + mz v2'
i~
~
~!:3
- J V2'-v1'
S<J I /" - - ...
1:F: ma e=-- ~~
:s : ',:_~- - -.. . } v1-v2
~
l
-------------
II
al · note: Forces in the same dir_ection as
s=vt __________ ,
A man who can row 4 kPh ~ ~ motion are taken as pos1t1ve. That
Q.
ffi ~-----~------------- e = coefficient of restitution
water found that he can row ~ 11~ ii' if the motion is to the left, forces
~ 1200: (VA ♦ hours downstream a distance'Mlich~ ~ed to the left are taken as ~ = 1 for perfectly elastic
fl) W A Ve -40
a!SC/lv+ - O ➔ equation 1 can row upstream in 7.5 hours. e = 0 for perfectly inelastic ~(J)
positive. v = + to the right
w...J Find the velocity of the current · Cl)~
Z-
- ~ ,----
Traveling
------- .
in the same d1rection · t Newton's Method of Dynamic v = - to the left WO
..JO I ,
, setth1s man/ \
--- - - - ~- 1--- '
---- --- z~
SOLUTION: Equilibrium :::rn
!g:
w~:
iI:

CIJ ' to rest

c_ ;'lJ- --
--- ::.~----~
,-~

.
r~ --+ ~RELATWE :
-VA·VB

' Let
Ve = velocity of the current
Consider downstream travel (i.e. ~

,·
r\..+a
----------, I
I
I~
~ u
O(t
> '
I
I

I
\
'
---- -----------·_,
•
',
\
the current) 1///,W/~W//#/, I i~
~ '~-
Jti; 51=V1 11 ' ' •·••·---------- - ------- ----- I
Q~
~i s, = (4 + Ve ) 2.5 ➔ equatioo 1 -1-
-- ---------- -- - ---- -. _____ , ,- - - - - - - - - -- -- ----------···· ...Jw
0 0 s=vt
(/)~ tF = 0
I
Direction of current 0~
te-:- . .
1200 = (VA -Ve)12 Cl)~
VA-. Ve= 100
ii
Cl>
.., YA+ Vs = 400 ➔ equation 2 : + --+ ' ,!-..~~r~_: ~_n_e!9Y ?._r!l!~iP!f:.:_- - - - - -,
2vA = 500 ➔ equation 1(add to e 2 ; " ~ :: v,
~
~
a V, ;
~ VA : 250 , qn ) : --=--____., _____ . •
lll m/_Q11n
• I
:•~ffe#b,Uq/ff/-:••
I W.mW,m,7,>7,w,;777.r.y,m,.,,, I ~I!:
l
I _ _ : _ _ _ __ _
' =vr"1 , ,
§ s '
II
I VRELATIVE I I
.:
l: ___~----_:~-~ ::_~~:...•···· ··:' : ---------------------
1
~ S2 - - " , '• • 1
g
Illa..-, . .,,,L_
 374 375
I-!~.
PROBLE.M 6 : ___- - - - - - - - - ~ - - - : a. 15 ft b. 20 ft
mi.111111' 1'~
ts 25 ft
Static~
C. d. 30 ft.
Three forces 20N , , --- . · ·· · · · m'
1n equilibriunn '30N a0 ~ - - -c PROBL EMns:
between 30N a~d f:Jnd d ~ (
i,:&i~ ~~ a. 28.960 0N '0reelhe ~
c. 151°

4
b. 2 '· ' : e
I
;
A cable supported at 2 points of
same level has a unit weight W of
0.02 kg. per meter of horizontal
~ >-
a: :E
d S.97, • 100 N I distance. The al!owable sag is 0.02 ~~
.11 Moment of Inertia
Kl PR()Bl,SM 1:

PROBLEM 7.
What is the ~a .
. x,111 urn
10 meter sinnpl

. 3Q. 15, :~
rn0n,._ ,
~ :
,
1
__ _-- - - -
_____ _
meter and a maxtmum tension at the
lowest point of 1200 kg, and factor
of safety of 2. Calculate the

~ 8
....., w
i!:' ~
i!;,,, Whal is the moment_of inertia of_a subjected to a c~ SupPo"~~ ~, : _____ __ b. 36.87 :i ~
allowable spacing of the poles
~ ~ circ:e of radius 5m. with respect to ,ts
4
500kN at the mid-/centrateii ~~ [,,,,--53.13
a. 1250 kN-:a~? '"11l ~ a. 45.4 7
d. 57.7
assuming a parabolic cable. i~
~-
a. 69.28 m. b. 72.6 m.
ltt
~..; tangent'
a 2454m
4
b. 1473m
i
:zo
~3
2 054 m
c.
PROBLEM 2:

4
d. 4.90 m
4
C. 1050 kN-rn d. 1520~
PROBLEM 8:
In the figure Shown

15
. 10~ ,'~~ble is
c. rd 111:
si:~:
nded between
level spaced
~~~pports ~~e cable hangs under .

c. 55.4 m.
PROBLEM #16:
d. 60.7m.
A 200 ft. cable weighing 300 lbs. has

...J~
~3
ffi a
5
C!> Whal is the moment of inertia of a
force P required to t be!aw, '1d~ 'fJ ,n apart. f its own weight o_n!Yd resultant tension at ends of 360 lbs. ~~
~i cylinder of radius 5 m. and mass of 5 over the block. urn !lie~ J\nuence O nditions, it is desire and 330 lbs. Find the horizontal - tl
i ,I _o
;;z ~
ia
kg.?
c. 80 kg-m
2
2
a. 62.5 kg-m b. 72.5 kg-m2
d. 120 kg-m

2 a. 666.7 N
c. 566.7 N
fie r u,ese co maximum sag at the
~· 656.7N ~ JcUlate thee span when . th.e
,------ - ------- --. :_~7.7N ~e,ar of th ·n the material Is
---...... ~ rnum stress ~re cm . The cross

distance between supports

a. 1R3~
c. 172,3
~1~3~
d. 98.3 ft.

~~
~~
....., g
~ ~~~le
' :±: <
~ i PROBLEM #3:
o o The moment of inertia about the base
~~ of a rectangle whose height is H and
l soo N : kQ• pe;
~ ofbolIc
,' ,.,..,.
,s 1.77 s.q cm
th equaI'ons. Unit w1 of
PROBLEM 117:
A load of 100 lb. is hung from the ~ ~
I
i3 tl
I
~ p. --
: use para al
;../. ---. middle of a rope, which is stretched
~ base is B ffi
a. BH2/12
ffi
3
b. BH3/12 / : ,Ji£ is 2 kgirn b. 54m between two rigid walls 30 ft. apart
= ~~~ ~~ 2511 1::
a. gam d 67m Due to the load, the _rope sags 4.ft. !n ~
~
2
BH /6
c. d. BH /3
0-
,R c. 45m the middle. Determine the tension In alS 1/J
0(5 (I) PROBLEM #4:
Cl)~ The coefficient of friction for dry
N = o(at pt of ove~:
' -- -- - - -- - --- ---- ----------.J f'r4 the tens,o~n
2
lfl()BLEM #1 : at the ends of the
a uniformly
the rope. .
a. 165 lbs.
·
b. 173 lbs
en w
W 6
~ ~ surfaces.
PROBLE M 9: cable suppo g kN er meter of C. 194 lbs. d. 149 lbs. z a:
::i a. Depends on the composition 1 :::ic3U>
0 of the materials only. In the figure shown below, Mitt ilstributed load_of O / the level PROBLEM #18: .
en
I~
~B
b. Depend.s on the materials and
the finish condition of the
minimum force P required to tum II 11:,izontal proJecll~;rs apart and the
wheeI over the block. supports are 10 me What is the inertia of a bowling ball ~ ~
(mass = 0.5 kg) of radius 15 cm. ~ ~
- -_-- ---- ---- -----..: iag~s3;5 kN
; ·-- - - - - - _ b. 60 kN rotating at angular speed of 10 rpm ~ ~
~~ surfaces.
I[ c. Depends only on the finish : b.• 55 kN d. 50 kN for 6 seconds 2
i If
0 >- condrt,on of the surfaces
I
a. 0.001 kg-m 2 O~
J ~ d. Does . not depend o~ the
O~ materials.
:. PROBLEM #13:
: Frd the length of a cable supporting
1
aunformly distributed load of 10 kN

b 2 mils kg-m
c. 0.0045 kg-m
d: 2.5 mils kg-m
2
2
5~
- 1-
Cl)~
(/) ~ PROBLEM #5: ' per meter of horizontal projection if
· > A man can exert · PROBLEM #19: xli<
fu ~ 1000 Nt. but w/ t ax,mum pull of - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - •-•• • • • •••I
lie level supports are 10 meters
apart and the sag is 3 m. A block weighing 500 kN rest on a 3:; I:;;
.,, ~ stone door for h. s es to lift a new
~ ~ 000 Nt If h ,s cave weighing 20
a. 400 kN b. 367 kN
a. 10 m b. 11 m ramp inclined at 250 with the ~ ~
::i <!>
c:,_ ~ closer must th
· e uses a 1
f ever. how much
, b. 500 kN d. 660 kN
c. 12 m d. 13 m horizontal. The force tending to move S8
the block down the ramp is: o.. ~
s.i en stone than to h. eh ulcrum be to the PROBLE M 10: PROBLEM #14:
w IS and
A smooth floating pulley supp011! 1 2 a 100 kN b. 211 kN ~ffi
~
i= a. 10 1·
imes nearer A 00 ft. cable weighing 300 lbs. has C. 255 kN
d. 450 kN E
Ii
~ i: b load of 100N. It is suspended l)ll
.
2
Q z . 20 times farthe iesu1tant_tension at ends of 360 lbs.
!.2 W C 10 !' r 20m long string supported as s/fO'ill" 330
I:!:: Q d. ,mes farther : lbs. Find the difference in
. 20 times nearer Find the tension in the string. Vation between supports
 376
377
pROBLEM #20: bh 3
I
If a piece of block weighing 150 kg is l=- one of the options. Thus, the SOLUTION #9 :
12
to be pulled up by a winch using two ,1•/Snol1d have been thinking of the Force 6 : Since the three forces are ,n
About the base:
cables on a 25° inclined plane, find ~1ner cou (hem in the force LI equilibrium, theywit/ form aclose triangJe __ ,
the least force each cable will be bh 3
i ~ subjected to set the block in motion . 1=- ~·--oe~een
(9~ ~
3
ffi o Assume the coefficient of friction (u) , e ;ris: ,>--1
~ Lnr ii 111ioa of R -~=o>-~
!5
ifi ~
to be 0.25. Answer must be in kg.
a. 12.567 kg. b. 58.345 kg.
~~- zs96°
e'1.-...::----:::-; ..,,.,.
\R
' ~2
1/.i-rtON
'{}-v' 'rr,omenttr'·
500( '
~"' c. 47.236kg. d. 18.234kg . oecurs at the mid-span
~ i~
~a
~w ~ ~~gx:
~it ~ --· . -
- ··•.
ild/fl~pt./4"' (500)(10)/4 = 1250 kNm
~- x,'l> ,
\~ ;._ 5bortar RIlia can
~ Jim of aaiaa 11
~5 1•10 AADBD CAAAD rHfR sOLlJTION : ,, 8
~,' P of PtoailofSOCt,/
; i~
~ 11•20 BACBA ACCB-~
3~~~
I
----------
!~ aximurn moment occurs at the
~em L
------------------------
-
cos 36.87° = P/500
I
~i
(!):::, 1000y = 20000x ·•..:I l span I i.e. at 2) P = 400 kN ~3
y = 20x
w:l -------------- c,::>
~~
By inspection:
@
!~Ill 1J:~SO],ITTION
~(/)
15 5 SOLUTION
-:::i
#1:

x= - y
20
1
r e = 53.13°
SOLUTION #10:
~~
z<
_(.)
~(/)
~
,_::,
~~ :-----------,.
- ---------------~ L = 10 m FBO : ::z: ..J
u.,::,
~< 1· P/2
,---------------------------~
T
CE::(.)
~..J
cO, I • T ~<
~~ : :__P
!~... -- -------- ------- cu
=g: . moment at point C ~~
l
X
II
0:: I
··•··.•--·· --> fake
W ' : 11.:250 (5)
Q.
> •
I
, _1 50 kN-m (answer) B
:i:: , R=S 40 30 I I~• 2
:
_,, (/)
~~ :
wu :
z a:: ,'. ......... ___ ____________
.
l- >Z
. .___ !·-····-
Consider the force polygon:
i sawrioN #8:
· · · ..... cosa=15/25
30 --·-· · ·········1 a:53.13°

100 N
----------------------------·
rFy = 0

oaoo
Cl)~
W(.)
:Jo ___ _
Tangent line
z~
~
: fo,ceLI :________ ___ __________ ~ 2Tsin0 -100 = 0
:Jo
e~
I
~~ By transfer formula
• • • 4.
50
~Q, 2
20 :: ~ : T = - - ➔ equation 1
sine
~~ 12 = Ix +Ad ()
'------ -- - - ~~---····· · ······_: [ SOON~
i[
Q>-
lz =.'.:(5)4
4
+(n{5)2X5)2 Applying cosine law:
202 = 302 + 402 - 2(40) 30cos (9+),)
p ·
take mirror image of BC :
,---------------------------~
I •n I
I~
J~
,A Q~
I, ~ 2 454.4 m4 (answer) 0.875 = cos (0+ "-) -1-
...JW
~ §SOLUTION #2 : o::i;
lan 53.13° = P/500 1
(0+ A) = invcos 0.875 P= 666.7 N (answer) :om :c
' I
I 0
0 + "- = 28.96° ' : (/)~
if@ :Ii
l= ~ mR 2
2
fJ = Angle between the 30kNand 9
ii
(I)
the 40kN forces B,
:%:I
a..·I!:
I= ~5(5)2
~~ 1=62.5kgm 2
2
0 = 180° - (0+ A)
0 = 180° - 28.96°
0 = 180° - 28.96°
0 = 151° 10

10 m
-------------- --
8 C I
--
I
i~
~~
~~ SOLUTION #3 cos0 = -
20
:s 1-
~ i==
~~ Mpment of Inertia 0 = 60° ➔ substitute to equation 1
- About the centroid: I~
 378 379
~<?~'!~~~_#12 : I •
,. ': ½
\ri 1H~:lJ' •1
I
;I
T=~ sinso•
T = 57.74 N,
SOLlJTION #11 :
uunmn··~...
~(11/ISl"~
•tr_J- - - -

I
~.
T~

- - - - - -
OkN' •
.. ! ·

,_
·..
: fr
'
:

I
/
z,,,
5
'I_,, Y
8diff
8
. I arc/eMt .
3 rent1a
2 equation 1 ➔
h·
'1 •·(~J' ·(~ljl
1•
~ 'I
~ fl (dY) dX
:
: ,, , 1+ ~ s = 12.043 m (aflSll!u )
, Note: Sophisticllttd calCIUlllon 11ow CO"'l)lltt ~ ~
i!= 1/)
IFt:-r:1
----------------- : ,,,i11 : takedfdXOI both sid(;s
:.~~·~t~~~!:~~t~_:_ ···.:l''ry25 ~
- - ·--. ' II' -I the inltgral of a function. ;
-------------------·-------- , ~B
SOLUTION #14:
: m!rnO(S):: 50-k~-----.,. 25 ~ ..,,
: •
.
: ,,
,,., dX
~3
::)
3
~~=600 :, :, 51 ,,,.,
dy y 5J
c,::> U4 2 • 10kN/m
'I~
A
~i
_o
w = 2 kg/m
I • • ' dX
1,,. -
2 (dY )2 ➔ subst,·1utetoequat,on1
. Ti
I
I
.J
{
(6') ~ -dX
,
: T
• . Sm~
... ...; : J
:, A ;,-- .... ..... .. 3
➔n, H :, 25 $.J)
~~T~ ~
Y1 I-:)
::z: __J
'--------------------.. ' )2 Y2 i.,:)
ffi ~ , ....___➔ -----i ·-....,
C a=:(.)
di' 1+ (6x dx
ji
..,__J
1±:< H Force ,1 : X1 Xl .i. > X: t:t: <
25 25(.)
~
I
I----------------------------
~~
1,DD j Fffij' ,,
~~ 600~

50
H
T = ✓H + 50 ➔ equation 1
2 2

,{:
tet

a.) S1 + S2 = 200 ft
w = 300 lbs
= =
w W 300 lbs = 1_5 lbs/ft
S 200 ft

➔ equation 1
II
aacn
en~
(J) ..J H LMA = 0 6x from :
WU u, - WU
~ ; l:Mo = 0 50(2 .5) - H(3) = 0 25 T=wy zo:::
...JU 600(150) - Hd = 0 H = 41.67 kN ➔Substitute toequalioo1 6 y= -
T ....JU
ffl oo ' -dx
i
~~
9':
90000 .
__, d = - - ➔ equation 1
H
T = Tmu = 1000 kg/cm2 (1. 77 cm 2)

T= ✓(41 67f + (5of

T = 65.09 kN (a11S111er)
25
~s :
5

w
T 360
Y1 = - 1 = -
w 1.5
= 240 ft
I~ ~~
i[ Tmu = 1770kg. s:2 [ ~1+(~;r d~_ T2 330 if
SOLUTION #13 : Y2 = - = - = 220 ft
0~ H = v1moi -600 2
-1- --------------------··:I - w 1.5 0~
O~ H = 1665.2 ➔ substitute to equation 1 Y1 - Y2 = 20 ft (anrwtr)
-1-
...JW
Cl) § d = 90000 = S4m
1665.2 :,,., ·· ,,\ ·H[H~:l']r:sl'· 0~
Cl)~
·~
:......... . .-,,l(,,JJ•·l,sl •r•l'
::i:: >
~ffi----------- ~~
...,::1e
~I
: :· : 25 '1 6
x 2
~s
I~
, •• • 1 s, __ 6x
a..1!:
~I!:
i==
i==
z
'- -- --- - - -- -- ---~-------· tJdl
Consider the equation of a pa;Of
that opens up and vertex st pt I ' ·
[Nfil2
In 1+ ( ~ )
2
( 6x ) ]
ls IB~
::E!::
C>l-
w
x2 = 4ay ➔ substdute I 5.3)
f!=Q
52 = 4a(3) I
25 + 25
0
i~
~~
 380
181
from :
#15 :
-,~~~:~.~
Draw force .,1
Yy-
/ - _c COSh -/
coshYI -, cc
. c -cash
inv I ~g1nsl ngure: : rw •J R •
x= .
x,
c =-/
invc.••h 'I c
=c206 ·I ,~,o
I 1' 1l/' ,.,1. W"1• f "'' sd,e r,, T
l. . . :~_::~~.-.-.. II
in c I ' AS•
I I§ - U1-~__:,J x,
,, a
= 116 7; cosh 240
2061n
X2 = 75.52 v cosh 220
x, + x2 = , 92.3 ft '20f.

1,,.
/
/ :,, (...")
11/

so1r
~ 19'.4;.,-----::
'1'.oN ,ns:
~v•·b ,r, could be referring to
_j
i:E ~
(t)•0.01L
ii mm-.,...
F-~ fbd of half w-0.02 18 note : 2T is minimum if it is
SOLUTI · ' 11.nvt,;
0 I~~men! of inertia. perpendicular to R :6 ~
,- -- ON.,.
"f'17•
_,s(TI
,,,,.asPnere·2 sin39.04° = ~
2
~~
I -----
-----:___ 1
:i
2
• 1,,<"-'f
I ~~~~r
----.
I''1i:;:.•",., (0.15) T = 47.24 kg ~iS
·r· " ~
·-... ~5 kQ·rT1 (answer)
:, ....
..__
15
• • -- ~ ~ ~ ~3
~
(!)U L / ; • • . . - (!):::)
'llti~~:I
I
I .I !
i
~i - ~
~u 'I4
rn
::,
.J
. -I
2

1 '•····...••••
T

4 ,.
.
•••
T

~,.,••••••••••
;I (),_ilfl
9 ../' (. : ,······· ,
I o
:: :'

#19:
Fy\25"
\

•••
kN·--·-·-;
;',
I
II

loo
~
~B "Mo =0 ;
..... .J -
~j 0.01L ( ¼)- 600(0.02) · 100 N

; :
,II o,
"F,
,&. ( • ' ,c:- .. ~a
- ,.,. . 1:±:~ u.,~
PROBLEM #21: ECE BRO EXAM
o
i5U
I al ~Mo = 0 --- -- --t +------- 'I
,,, At the surface of the earth g = 9.806
ii
IFy =O · · ·· •l :
ffi L = 69.28m m/s2. Assuming the earth to be a
2T cos0 = 100
but : ➔ equauon 1 sphere of radius 6.371 x 106 m.
a(!! SOLUTION #16 :
w from :
tan 0 = / 4
15
~----------
I Compute the mass of the earth.
24
a. 5.97 x 10 kg.
0 = 75° fl' 500 sin25° 4 at5(1)
C/).J .:i = c 2 + s 2
r1:21 1.3 kN (answer) b. 5.62 x 1(i kg.
WUY 2 2 2 4
Z a'. Y1 = C + S1 c. 5.12x1ri kg. CJ)~
thus: lCOJTION #20: 23 WU
::i ti Using the data obtained on the above d. 5.97 X 10 kg.
.. ------------- ZII
5 [i1 problem T= 100 T : PROBLEM #22: JU
; er. (240)2 = c + s1 ➔ equation 1
2 2
2 cos 75° = 194 lbs (annm) ~ ffi
A single pole antenna mast, is held in
~~
u 2
y/ c s/
= 2+
2 2 place by four guy wires exerting equal i ~
l[ (220) = c + S2 ➔ equalion2
ANOTHER SOLUTION : forces of 500 kg each and forming an ~~
angle of 60 degrees with the ~ a:
Q~ equation 1 - e¥uation 2 :
Drawing the force polygon
horizontal. If the weight of the mast Q~
_J ~ 9200 = s,2 - S2 _ ~
and its load is 100 kg, what is the
0 0 (51 + S2) (S1 - S2) = 9200 I;
,I ~
C/) 200 (S1 - S2) = 9200
i " ·: I
I
I
I
/'j2s• I total force impinging on the pole
foundation?
..J ~
0o
i
I
::c >-
51 - 52 = 46
~
~~ 2Si =246
51 + S2 = 200 100 N
I ·····----------- ---- - --- ----
-: ,~=µ =0.25
: l=~vtan 0.25

a. R = 2742 kg.
b. R = 3742 kg.
c. R = 2737 kg.
s:i
Cl) ~
en
Q_~ 51 = 123 I 1=14,04° d. R = 2732 kg. ~
rn from equation 1 ··
s-2
-- -··' ( ' =3904° ~~
! w 2
E (240) = c2 + (123)2
I- C = 206
8~ cos 0 =50/ T ➔ fromequation 1
PROBLEM #23:
A 5 kg. weight hanging on a 3 m long S.2 en
rope from a point of anchor on a ~ ~
~Q vertical wall, is pulled away from the ~ ~
wall by horizontal force F so that the ~ ~
rope makes an angle of 30 degrees -
 382 383
.
with the vertica1·
Find the value of the PROBLEM
A cabl #29: .
e Weigh·
. 1 . ...t a ba
.
iance. Find the
.~
- ~
, "'"nv:
¼i:r.,
I ~:·
m. long is ing O . eff""' t of the beam. , .,, i21-30 ADBOD ADDCC
rorce F F==2.19kg. to ~igh W:: 80kg. .. " 31-36 ABABB A
8
b. F:: 2.89 kg.
of 80 m to be sus/ kg/Ill
tension . Detel'lttinend8<l~ilili..
Assume t~nd the ~
~1"'~"' 1orn,
•~e ~111~"' r~
12rn, W::
w::
70kg.
tr t , .... C>>-
~~
~;g;:~: ~~ j ~
80kg.
~: ~~~'. W:: 75kg.
btt#
, " . f ..
#l¼tt
'.
PJRlON ~§
II
same level~ cable sup:lllulll
A11111,1.ft:, ~ frl
pJl()BLEII 124 : a T
. max-
rts~~111.:·,
~a~~ d
~ ~, .
'1Jt\l!J •_._. IJ ~
A canal ooat is towed by a rope b. Tma;..40Okg.; l at"- · -- 134 : i,s 10 Nim can be
Tmax:416kg.;Llllax~7 ,t;'l!ic;ll we1Qat a point 1m from i:!;!2
Ill making an angle of 35 degrees ~1th
. ontal the tension of the line
c.
d. Tmax::~6kg.; L~ax~7~ ,~,o
"'"'d
ba1anc;aching a wei~ht of
SOLUTION #21:
,------ ------------ -----
----~
'' ~a
L.UW
fl
i:i
the honz ,
being 115 kg. H?w much o 1s 1s
f th· .
effective in propelling the boat. ?
PRO
. BLEM 130• ·
?kg:; L1t1 ax~7At~· bY a d HoW long 1s the
ax~ 7~ 1 j~ 11,at en ·
~ ~ b 6m.
:' '~ .
~i
A tnpod whose ie
it
~~
a. 94 kg.
c. 95 kg.
b. 90 kg.
d. 94.2 kg.
long supports a lo gs are ea '/I 9111·
feet of the tripod ad of 10(): ◄ Ill. •· 8111.
d. 3m.
·
' ..-::)f,··~,-- ""
' :;;;to
_, Cl)
a horizontal are _at the Ve • \ ,. 135:
• , ✓,; ,
' .. ~ ,,
·~·: : ·,;·--
'
• ~3
c, 5 PROBLEII 125: (!)::)
UJ O Two bOdies, each having a mass of
whose sides areejullatera1 'tleei~ ,isLt:ril0f gravity of a _sliding door :', ,·F2.w{~ 1g•
:f¾ wO
t-...,
~ ~ 450 milligrams are separated in the load on each .5 m. Det~ ,-¢fl1er 50 kilograms 1s 3 meters •~.·- . , .._ .• R, .\
~~
a. 39 7 k 1eg. , ~g 1 ·is The door hangs from . .{Z ~ , -,I
- ~;
,~ a, space a distance of 10 km apart , ~u,
~ ·th~~f;s~ rollers A and B. A ;
-·:tn~
. i ..· -:.: ·'. .
~~
ifi 3 what is the force exerted on each c. 38:6 k~· b. 49.7 kg
· d. 51.7k · ~1r1cllO force of 50 kg. is applied 'Q_'I . ',
... ,.
5
a: other due to gravitation?
7 9 PROBLEM #31: g, ~ntal Find the acceleration of
~
""~
- UJO
~..J
~,i a. 1.35x10' N b. 1.35 x 1O N
~~
, ,
A cow is tethered b pi!OfltallY-
~
' 19 25
cO 1.35 X 10 N d. 1.35 X 10· N
C. smooth rope ' a slip
b .
. Y a pert doOr,
noose i th act, '• 456 m/sec
2 I
b. 3.27 m sec
2 ---------------------------4 1£~
u.,~
e1ng thrown over a largn erope \45 m/sec2 d.1.23 m/sec2
l II
o PROBLEM 126: F=Gm,m2
ffi
A man is just able to lift a 300 kg post. . If the cow pulls th e ~ ~ .
the direction away fr e rope~~ IIJ)BLEllf #36: r2
~ weight with a crowbar when the
:z: fulcrum for this lever is 0. 30 m. from
what angle will th om the P0st, • 1~bOrer was given instruction to
e rope leave~ 1r15fer acrate weighing 110 kg. to a F=6.67x10•11 m2m1 aa (I)
en .J
fil
olS the weight and the man exert his
strength at 4.5 m. What force does
post?
a.
c. 450
30° b
· · 40,
, ~ 50 meters from its original
~ - He tied a rope to th_e crate
. (6.371 X 1Q6 r CJ)~
WU
~ ~ the man exert? d. 50 Ill pulled it with the rope inclined 25
But: Zll
:::J ti a. 20 kg. b. 30 kg.
PROBLEM #32: ill- 10 the horizontal. The flooring is
F =W=m1g :::::rn
~ffl c. 40 kg. d. 50 kg. m1m2
r I~
!h~ frame in the figure comprisest.i 1111 and coefficient of friction is m1(9.806)= 6.67 x 10-11
Ii PROBLEM #27: inclined members and a tie rod. I!. Solve for the work done in (6.371x 10
6
~ ~ A man weighing 73 kg is standing on Determine the tension in the rod lil9 the crate 50 meters. Solving for m2: ~~
i ~ a board inclined at 20 degrees. Find when a load of 1000 kg is suspended a. 1,231.44 kg-m. 24
m2 = 5.97 x 10 kg (answer) i lf
Q >- the force perpendicular to the board. from the hanged apex. Neglect Ill b, 3,543.00 kg-m.
-~ a. 68 kg. b. 67 kg. weight of the frame and assume !hi ~ 1,000.35 kg-m. SOLUTION #22: Q~
Q~ c. 65 kg. d. 68.6 kg. it rests on smooth surfaces. (AngleC d, 5,612.56 kg-m. ·----------- ----------- ----- - , ...JW
1000kg : Q~
is a right angle)
ti)~ PROBLEM #28: ECE Board Exam
a. 580.77 kg . b. 590.77kg. :en~
:c
5,1
~

>- A force of 100 kg. acting horizontally

to the right is lo be combined with
one 50 kg acting upward at an angle
c. 600.77 kg. d. 59067kg
PROBLEM #33:
1
: I
w ---·
:::cl
I
:~
a..
~ t 15 degrees with the vertical. Solve
or the resultant force R and the
A beam rest on a fulcrum 4 mfro:
one end A mass of 40 kg :s
' LU
ci. I:!:
fil angle between Rand the 100 kg
· • f the beam
suspended from this end O , hi Is
j 1UUl\!:j I
'
a..!:!:
l
'
. --o•r· ---·~ '~en
. E a. 12Ogand230 . to bafance. If the 40 kg w~~f~ -E...
:'§
'' ~ b. 120 kg and 230 suspended from the other en da 1 ~ ---···_,.-
~ ~- 122 kg and 24.20 beam, it is necessary to ,su:P:;d ~ ------- ---------------------· ~~
..
. 122.8 kg and 23.20 120 kg. weight trom the irs
-- "'·
~
 384 385
2
II 9: ECE Board Exam
cos e = 3(3.5 cos30' )
00-1000 = 0 F = 6.67 x 10- 11 ~ ,p,O~-2-----------------~
l -- - - -
i;Fy=O , ru •ij
R- 4(500) cos 3 4
R: 2732 kg~._ _ _ _ __ (... 4So,,. 1
r-~----/
;
F = 1 35 x 10- 25 N
~
1
. T l
SOLUTION~~~: ___ -- -- -- - - -- ~
e = 59.66° ~~
~.l~ : SOLUTION
.--------- f~~ m~~8
I ' Yz I:Fv = O+
%, II I
51 ·c 3 C sine - 100 = O
~
u0 I
.. i :
. ,. " • xz ..I.. · ·> ~__ _ 100
UJW
w ./ 30 : ' yt . . .. ------ C = - - = 38.6kg
i~
,~ {Ou..··
)(1
11 : f ~1 ----- 3sine
: I ., ., ,, .... .., UJW
1····/ . :
4 5 --.......::1· : / -·. sOO ~it
i
I 1' S
-------- ----:::.-______________ Si!ls
~-~
------•• • •-• • •
F T
300 (0.3) = F(4.5)--- ----- ---.... ;I~\ •5 90°- 9 ~ f/)
~1
)(
::aoo
------
,=-=d
::;4·~ I
F = 20kg.
~~
.~ w
I
c,::> , 5kg ,
.~~~~-~'!~ ~~~:_....~ 11::1::;
!'41)()
w~ -------- ---- ------------ -----'
!z< Xf
_u
~CIJ r Fy=0 3 Tel :---~---------------------- ~3
~3
u.J:::,
Tcos30° -S=0
5
1
: . .
···,' l'c
:

c xc
I cash cosh
1
,180" C2 F = tension of rope ~a
~ci!
~
2<S 2
ffig T =- - I U I '
: 1,c 2=c2 + 400 2 + 160 000
I:Fx=O+
t:t < cos30° ' 20 '· F-2Fcose=0 ➔ dividebyF cu
50
T=57 7kg. ~ : 1180) +6400: C
, ~~
iffi
P I /1160C 1 - 2 case = -0
I
ffx=0 \ : ~gforc . 1 3~
~ T sin 30° - F = 0 I ""1 m
' I'""" - 1040 COS9=- ~
~ F = T sin 30° 2 >-
: 1,c+~0 -4k /m(1040m) e = 60°
~ F = 5.77 sin30°
:i::
· I f,WY- o . g
a!511) F = 2.89 kg. : J:416kg. thus the rope leaves the post at ca fil
90° - e = 30°
00~- -- - - --- --- ------ -----
I
I ~:
,ccoshx/,
.. Cl) .J
WU
za:
w O SOLUTION #24 :
~ ~ ,- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -, Py = 73 cos 20° = 68.6 kg. 1
cash Y/, SOLUTION #32: :i o
1:cinv
..JO : 115k : ,--- ------- ------------------~
- 1040/
A I~
I~! ~ /4 SOLUTI ON #28:ECE Boardwmll' 1=!160inv cash
; 1=389.25m
960
: C
·//"~- Ii
1
~ Z
01 ~~~-~
I _ _ ____ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ _ __ _ _
!
I
: 1,2x =788.5 m
i~ Tx= 115cos 35° = 94:2 kg . i l~UTION #30: o>
0~ . , 1000k -~
J Iii SOLUTIO -------------------~
N #25 : 100kg 100 kg _cy:::::::::===== ...J w
05 ;-------- e / 0~
'--- - --
CJ)~ : :
By cosine law : Al B (/)~
::c r;;
~s
m,
s:~ m2
I
I
R2 = 1002 + 502 - 2(100)(50) cos105' ~• 5m Ra
---- -------- --- ---- --- ---·· ~t:;
0- .,,~---:.·Vn
I
Cl)~
~!.il R = 122.83 kg
I:me = 0
~~ By sine law :
~A(5) - ~000 (3 cosP) = 0 ~~
11..1!: 50 112.83
- - = -- sin P= Is c..:, en
!~--------- ------------------ :
~~ ~
sin 8
8 = 23.15°
sin 105°
1·•..
p = 53.13°
0+fl=
f'
90°
~~
~ i=
=z
F:G~
-- -- ----- ----- 0 - 36.87° ~~
~ Q d2
SOLUT ION# 29:
_L
 386 387
o = 36.B7°
w(~- ) t
l 1000(3cos53.13° 120(4)::: I'· 36:
~ 11
4
RA _,___5__ 4 -+-4o(l,~ /1
i/
=_
substit ls; eq ···"Al
~ ~ RA= 360 kg. 48_0 = 160 + 4O(L-~ Uteeq, 110' < ~ / ,f' ~
L - 12m ~
Substitute lo \ ' , ,10K ~ t_ ~~
=o
ffiO 160=w(¥--4) . 8Quau°'11 il I .. f tt:I z
~:z =o
~§ ~-~
w
80 kg. ~ = ~9,16, ♦ R
i~ . I 50 I~
i~
I
~s
~3
'
:I' !120 N !W =10L
···•········
'•··· 11:. n1off&
N Ii
\ (..'t::) /'l~sutta-o.25 ~3
·l µis
(!):::>
uiu
t ~. ~11.w•.004' ~65°
!, ~ +1 + ~g
!zcl
,I _u
~~
!z-'

! '•. . . '
, I I l'1so·-a
z<
_u
~~
,.1o:J,rj/
1'
~B
tt ~
iMc=O
360(4 cosO) - T(3.25 sin 0) = 0.
ffi ::l •
CO:(.)
I.LI~
::±: <
~~ T = 360(4 cos 36.87°)
-L2 cSU
~g 3.25 sin 36.87°
2
~s
I~
:5a: .
II
\,~[!J@ A_=_O__________
T = 590 77 kg.
a...:I: 120(1) = 1 OL(!: _11 ·- " -----J 1 .
~ IJJ SOLUTION 33· : 2 ') irie law
Cl) ~ condition 1: L = 6 meters !Ii _!,.. aCS (/)
WU ~- sin♦ Cl)~
Za'. WU
SOLUTION 35: . _ _ ~n14.04°(110kgJ zo::
:::::i~ l120kg 1,-
sin100.96
0
:::rn
1~
~l)
1-
I .
- , -,·- .
m = 150 ':27.18 kg.
Ill\=F,S, !~
ll\=27.18 cos 25° (50 m) u
i~
o>- 1 u2
F= lll=1231 .67 kg. m
i~
50kg 9.81N
J~ 40(4) = w(!:-4 1kg
Cl~
0~ 2 :Jlii.
=490.5N
(/)~ w(L- 4)
::i:: > = 160 ➔ equation 1 t F = ma
0~
.2
Cl)~
g,ffi
°" ~
LUZ
condition 2:
490.5 = 150a• 2
a = 3.27 m/sec it
!! l120kg lw ro kg
~I
~ !!!
~~
Sa:i w
er_===:;=:::!--
4 L-:..!__l ~i
~Q '
--1L2 '
I
J__.La_] II
 388 389
a. 10
steamer as so
0
1 st with 11
b. 13
-~1 1:~
C. d. 12
due east at ~ as 9: d due ~a at 40
a
kph in a d" a _Point Pos,1b1 ,iii- i,eade If a wind fi d
direc~ion ;~:f~~: Of N~~~ ~~~, if~ ~ rTl~i~r,, 4o
PROBLEM 15:
l=:ll
the t1rne Will it lug Ill Vi/. ~,~l1 I~
r.~
the ;,~h, '"
iowlng d of the PI 1 mph
A and B are running on a circular
track, 500m long. If they run in l>-
II
from A. lake if lltt t,1~l bd 5pee b. 28 h
Ad I>
Q la "' ., ','I.,,!JO pl1 d 200 mp
opposite directions they meet every 1 ~•
o ~ z14 rri ti
•
a. time ,. 1 3.~e , r . minute. If they run in the same ~
PROBLEM 1: .. direction·. 2 hr , ~ • z44 rriP direction it requires 3 minutes for A to -8·
VelocitY tells us how the_pos1t1on _of b. lime,. 0 is ~•13, ,. 10: speeds of 0.7c overtake B. Find the rate of A in w
~I
S
something is changing
;a acceleration tells . us how the
~ ----c:-:-:--- is changing.
.j~

while directio -~2 hr

c. time,.;;~~ . 13,:lA..
direction· i hr

38•~ .
r~.iJ1J 05 have at an angle ~f
~pecuve\h other. If their
~ vv ~ i t,e!Ween_ e~ 65 c find x
m/min
a.
C.
333.33
444.44
b. 222.22
d. 322.22

i!;~
:i
~~
g
a. direction
b. ~istance d. time,. _~ N24•13,
0 2 38, ,it ~810 cilY 15 · b. 0.12c PROBLEM 16: I
. en c. velocity
d. time direct· . hr ~ •.iwe O02c d 0 .25c
i5
ion is N "· · · A man drove 90 km at a constant ~ rn
~3 PROBLEM 2: PROBLEMS· 34•13•3e-~ :: o.09C rate. If he had driven 5 km per hour ~3
C> ,5
~ ..!
The elevator in an office building, A platoon ma;chin ,i,~11: an automobile . move faster he would be made the trip in ffi G
starting from rest at the first floor, is long, the rear mai at 8 kph is 3 ~ tar does d increases uni~o~6 !z .J.
,I -
3! ~
0 accelerated 0.75 m/sec./sec. for 5
secs. It continues at constant
message to the fro ~ns and lerc!~ !
ilS sP8~ to 45 kph in
back to his Ori in n rnan al\ij 1 ,.. 15 kP .

15 min less time. How fast did he

drive?
a. 40 kph. b. 50 kph.
_o
~~
ffi 5 velocity for 12 secs. more and is minutes. Find hi~ all ~OSition in"-i ~....ds? . b. 167 mi. c. 60 kph. d. 70 kph. ~5
ffi g then stopped in 3 secs. with a. 8 kph ve Ocity. :11 ,;:· 185 rn1 d. 172 m. a:: 0
It:~ constant deceleration. If the floors c. 14 kph b. 10 kph ~ 200 rn. PROBLEM 17: ~~
e~
l!
o
~
~

are 3.75 m apart, at what floor did the

elevator stoJ,>?
a. · 16 floor
c. 18th floor
b. 1ih floor
th
d. 19 floor

PROBLEM 6·
An automobile •
d. 16 ~.,
constant rate of 1;~:r~tes • I
in 15 seconds, While tr~v~◄5 ~

"I'll
I the

12·
..nSJ,EII · SEA Games the
,.. recen1
ds of the in d'IvI·d uaI
~ ual I!htPhilippine team in the
"'15 ~elay run are recorded as

In a motorcade, a participant at the i5 u

rear in a motorcycle left the rear of ~ 5
the file 3 km long and rode to the
front of the troop, returning at once to
the rear. How far did he ride if the file

lg
ffi
~
PROBLEM 3: straight line. What is the ing ~ 1 Ill m. traveled 30 km during this time and ~ ~
~w Ghost images are formed in a TV set acceleration? . ~~sec, V2 = 8 m/sec each traveled at a constant rate?
ffl d when the signal from the TV a. 2 ft/s
a'181agi
b 2°12ftls !1· 9m/sec V, = 10 m/sec a. 33.15 km. b. 42.97 km.
UJ
ffld
z a: transmitter is received directly at the c. 2.39 ft/s d:2_ ft/s 93 ~ !he ave;age velocity of the team c . 39.387 km d. 25.12 km. z
Ir:
:::i c3 TV set and also indirectly after
e
i~
fll
w
~
~

reflection from a building or other

I .
arge metallic mass.
In _a certain 25 -inch TV set, the
ghost Is about 1 cm. to the right of

PROBLEM 7:
from
ds 901
rest is

111\tiO~\ mis
The velocity of an automobiiestaitq a · mis
given ~ c. 8·35
. JIDBLEM 13:

b. 8 m/s
d. 8.15 mis
.

PROBLEM 18:
Runners A & B, starting from the
same point, run in opposite directions
in a circular track field. Their circular

::::i 0
~ ffl
~-~
~~
n. the principal image if the reflected - = ~1 10 ft/sec . Determine ii llll meorace around a circular tra~k path has a diameter of 800 meters. If ~ il:
0 ~ signal arrives 1 microsecond after the dt \ +_ J .· 1m meters long . If they run in the average speed of runner A is 3 O >-
acceleration after an interval of IO l!IXISile direction they meet every 3
J tii
0~
principal signal
sec. (in ft/sec\
71
lflJles where as if they run in the
km/hr and that of runner B to be 4
km/hr, compute for the time they will 5g:@
_
~
iJ
~1
a. 2.10 b. 1. 1111e direction, they are side by side
(/) ~ What is the difference in the path 75 meet.
:c 1:, length of the reflected and principal
c. 2.25 d. 2· Illy 12 minutes. Find the velocity of a. 21.542 min. b. 12.674 min. Cf) <!J
5:; ~ signals in this case? PROBLEM 8: ~slower man. c. 23.675 min. d. 12.345 min
. en
~~ a. 100 meters A 50kg blockofwoodrestoo1M1 a. 100m/s b. 150m/s
PROBLEM 19:
of the smooth plane ~ose '1'f!l)llf c. 200 mis ~
~~ b. 300 meters d. 250 mis
A man rows downstream at the rate :1z·
a.. I!:: c. 200 meters I
3 m and whose altitude is: lo·sl'-ie ~BLEM 14:
of 5 mph and upstream at the rate of ~ ~
\ ; ~ d. 400 meters
to the bottom of the p
I
long will it take for th e bl lane vtf/1 : torboat propelting at full speed
2 mph. How far downstream should · 1fil a
c, !:: PROBLEM 4 : ~ earn goes 10 kph. Traveling at he go if he is to return In 7/4 hour E ,.·;
1: ~~ A tug that can steam 27 kph is at
released? b · 2.51 sec '%. s~~:d downstream it goes 20 after leaving? . ~ ,.
I:!': c point A It · h . a. 1.51 sec d. 2_14se<: llli d the rate of the current in a. 2.5 mi. b. 3.3 mi. ~
- · wts es to intercept a c. 2.41 sec · t
..
c. 3.1 mi. d. 2.7 m1. -
k"- '.;.,
 t \ 391
390
3 3
PROBLEM ::lO: o = 3.75 + a(3) - - + - - = 0.5
A t,oat can travel 8 mi/hr in still water. 53 v,-8 v1 +8.
I
a= -1.25
Whal is its velocity with respect to the s-v , %
1
-+- l2 at2
1
~ • 1nct 3(V + 8) + 3(V - 8) = _
05
shore if it heads 35° East of North in -
P,f s 670 (V-8 )(V +8)
S3 = 3.75(3) + ,
a currenl that moves 3 mi/hr west?
a. 8.963 mph b.. 4.556 mph
S3 = 5.625 rn '2 -1.2s) i i z53~ JV + 24 + 3V - 24 = 0.5(\2f - 64)
t s, ... s (3) I ~ 25
3V + 24 + JV - 24 = 0.5V - 32
I
S 10101 ::
~ c. 6.743 mph d. 5.4 mph 2+s3 l 64P
o.sv2-ev - 32 = o
60 Ill ( 1Hr ) i5 712
8 - ---~ -
ii ~ ~~
S10111 ::
~ ,•~·a, 38'
(a,,swer) 2
6t ✓6 -4(o .5X-32)
S101■1 = 16 Hrs .'l,l' 13
t ~M N44
°13'38"E 2{0.5)
j~
:'::,:~~.MM. :
~ 1- 10 CBBAD DCACB ~ V=
M~ -
Ii.. · -~ 11111s Take positive value
the eleva tor sto r tJ9 ft/er)
~
Ps at 17th ,.JIii· (It V = 16 km/hr (1111S111u)
"eo, 'r;,, o·' !j: al rest· and
~~ QilWI.~ 1J:~ WLUTION
SOL · N 3··
s· - VTio
S' :vd1ffere,nce in distan~ft
I
.,,rt "" unan .
~(he '!°envelocity principle:
SOLUTION 6: ~3
C!) :::::>
,-, : refaflV ---- ---- - - ---- -~I 45-1 5mi ~o
II
""
s, :: 3signal . '.i.in/1__ •• • ••
~~
C!>o )( 108 (1 . hr
~ ~ SOLVTION -2:---- - -- ---- ---- -- x 10 ~ ,({1: : . , a=v 2-v1
_ o ~- --- -----
S' ( ,,,V· 8 . : t 15secs
=JOO meters (i
~
3 tll I , A
ii
I I
!z 3 : I
O
[]
f Vo= 0 :
j: ___ - ~Ybt· : 1lr x 5280ft)
a= 2~ ( 3600
a=? ·..
s
~ 4.
r/\ 1mi
a: 0 •'
u., ::, 1
s,
13sec
: :------------- : --- I
sec.
sec- hr.
2 u.....1
~..J
u.. U< :'
'
~ [i] t Vc =Ve 1/•,,r1///":ff//l~,.?:,%%P.-0 a = 2.93 ft/sec (answer)
~~
i5
!21 kph / ·-•.\· ··-... ]
II
I
i
oj ,: / 7 21 ~:
1
: :
~ : ~TOTAi. I ..
O: , SA s8 , .' ~
' '
s, SOLUTION 7:
~ , ' '
W , I a=
s2/ 12 sec fl =V + 8 ds 901
: : V2 -=-
o.;: l:
ol!J (/) ' I
:
.,.
n
I: :1: +- ~ di t+ 10 ea u,
A
C/)~
: I 3.26 km B : ';I tit" - - - - - - - !'8,. . '. 2
d s (t+10 X90)-9 ot(1) Cl)~
WU
e!i] f Ve
I
:
a;d~ti~~;;n~f~1;,- .--.-········: l!J1:,9J.O-,@Jff«ffe~p),%~' dt2 za:
I
WU ;I (1+1of
zir ••a= 0.75 m/sec2 :Ju
:Ju :, II
I
I ,
5, 5 sec : , IA= ta= t
!I [_ _-----•~_Iv,~_'__ ______ ,
I ii: from A to a :

By cosine law :
SA2 - 3.262 + Se2 - 2Se(3.26)COS67'
(271)2 = 10.63 + (211)2
' - 2(211)(3.26)cos 67'

1·,
~------ -~ - - -- -
52
r=velocity of the rearman

___ ___ __ ___ _ _

whe nt=1 0
2
d s _ (10+10X9o)-90(10)
a_- - -
dt2 (10 +1 0j
2

I~
~~
~i
c.. ½ = V, + at a = 2.25 ft/sec (answ er)
288t2 + 53.51 - 10.63 = 0 l' iyequation: O?i
0~ V8 = O+ 0.75( 5) = 3.75 m/sec
-1- 1
..J~ S, = V,t + /2 at2
✓ 2 ( X ) ~=v1)m =3km
- 53.5 ±(53.5) - 4 288 -10.63 ~-8)11=3 SOLUTION 8: :J ~
,- ----- ---- ---- ------ -- ---- -- ' 0 0
g@
~~
s, = 0(5) + 1/ 2 (0.75)(5)2
S, = 9.375 m
<!l
~ ii from a to C ·
s8f!: S2= 3.75(12)
UJ~
S =Vt
-

I ==
t = 0.1205 hr(an swer)
= =
SA 271 3.25 km

2(288)
Takin g positive value :

,_3
1
V-8
I~' '11)~ElATIVE = 3
~ 8)12=3
1
li: -2._
,,,
/
. :~I
50kg = 490.5 N :
•
490.5 sin 8 :

I
' en

00 ~
CL
~
Q.. Sa= 211 = 2.53 km v,+8
3m
~~S2= 45 m
~ !z from C to D ·

sine law :
~= (Sa)
&1
,+11: 0.5 0.8 I~
j~ V2 = V, +at s in67o sina 8
,II ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ _ _ ii
.. ___, L_
 392 393
e of the SOLUTION 14:
,-----------------------------
~
0.8 averag th
sin8 = - 45::: 15+ a~ ·ir 11tc: rnaY be e
3
=! ♦ C:: 20
:~ ~:t~
180 At' . ~t1touglt, .th constant V1
8:: 15.47° a ::: 5 400 kn,lhr2 l~ ue'• bjc:Cts WI 2
F=ma 2 ,~ fofO • 1 • direction
! V2 2 = v,2 + 2 I'. ·oo•
11"'°
II : : : , . . .· . 2L-.
. ..
47° == 50a
2 12 45 = 152 + as
2 . .. . . . ·-·
s = 0.1667 kn,(S "OO)s r"~ 3: ,·ng in opposite ,, .,...~~' . ~~
s = v,t + 1/2 at2 ::: 1ee.., ~/ 111~.•rrave1 .
/.
Ill 3:: 0 + 1/2 (2.62)t2
~ man (Jeff in the
*
~NoTHER "1.
~ co t = 1.51 secs. (answer)
~~ soumON_9. __________ ____ _
;.J .
s = Vavot
~x
1
SOLVllON .. U'~ Jl,JI s11~ond(8St and applying
~ ti•· j 1nto
~·b810_it'.;tyte9~~i5i!_l~:.- ------,
v2=v-c=1 0
◄ ,,
~
S= 1) direction
( 2 18Q ~ ~~Of.--· Vrefativ• =V t + V2
zit :
=r ci I:
=J,f/1
tt -------
. • ',

240mph
->;: S=0.1667kn,
s = 166.7 m
/'
.:
Jt"- ~
.4.~
'~

f
iii, ;; : ; ; ; ;
k .,_._,..,., .,- •.--:•. ~...::::::::::;: t ~~
I
~3:
,,. :, 1 40 mph
Ir l,,
- - 1I ',,V
,
!
; ~ :
·--
J.l_ ,_ ·'-··..·······---··-··----··----· . ----- -~ ~
z
-~
~
;
m'!
... ...
..... .........-~~
"" 0 I
,I ;~~~:~------ -----------------~-- -·
I
f-<?'=lf!"~~~ -~Z: : : let
- I ft :
1
-- -- -:. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I v = full velocity of motorboat -
0
.0. .. .... . . . . :
c = velocity of current
i~~
I
key equations:
V= ✓402 + 240 2
I
: , -~
_.,-_-~,.· .
('fr ;;(; V ♦ V2)(3)
jte·_;oo equation 1
4
= =
V1rolltivo V- C 10 ➔ equation 1 LU~
tt:: <
c:>O
: °"" . - !♦YI' V2reIativo = ::!.. + c = 20 ➔ equation 2
v=243.3mph ~~
~ 2
If
' ~ ,-,_-:.., ---""'I, . . Traveling in the same
II
..ditJ(I 2. I <
',( ~Ill"'-
~~~
I
I
100 m - .,. .~
- -::--{~~~✓. solving for v & c:
, ___ ________ __ __ _•: ___ • 100~, ;,dkllth second man (left in ~he V= 20 kph
~LlJTIO~- ______________ 1
1 For the Philippine team : · ···•·! fliYJ/JB:..V) into re~t and applying c= 10 kph
~ m:
%1
/ ',
~
VRB1. " 0.65c
I
vaverage -- S1ota1 I~ ·-"'city technique:
,,,., •• .
oa w
00 ~
----
!,......----------------- -----
Vl1N
SOLVTION 15:
Cl) ..J : X ,' ' ,· 1total
--- ~------ ----sel ___tnis-- -- --w ~
~-
WU I , '
''
: _/_~~~.~~-- - - - -- - ---~~~
where :
~~ Stolal = 400 m
I
/ : m2n tn
-IU : ' 0.7c : · 0. VRELATIVE= VA+ :,.JO
t = 11 + t2 + '3 + '4
but from : .:--+ ;;
; ; ~pplyinq cosine law: - - - -- - - - - - - _, . ll.
c3
s = vt -
~-
- -\\.___
11 -
~~
~ ~ (0.65c) = x2 +(O.7c) -
2 _.> ;.,-~
t= ~
:iii! a.
O~
2x(0.7c)cos60.82 °
2 2
0.4225c = x2 + 0.49c - 0.6826cx
t ~--.. ----------- ----- .. ___ ___, ~ll.
Q>-
.J Iii x1- 0.6826cx + 0.0675c2 = 0 thus: -1!:
~w
100 100 100 100 ''-¥1 . . .
O@ x= o6826c ± Jto 6826cJ - 4(1)(D.067& J 2 2 1101aI = - - + -+-+- !Iii= {Vt~ V2)(12) this 0~
J Cl) \!l 2(1)
7 8
t101a1 = 47.897 secs.
9 10 · 'vi-v, = 100➔ add equation t
:v, +v, = 400 · ➔ equation 1
tn
:en~
II
~~ X = 0.12c thus : 2v, • = 500
"is' . St 400 V1 =250 m/min➔ substitute to eqn. 1
SOLUTION 11 : ilavarage ~ =
t1otal 47.897
=- - ~ +Vic: 400
a... I= V1 = 15 kph ~•150 mlmin (answer)
= 8.35 m/sec (answtr)
V2 = 45 kph Vaverago
M~
I
w
~
F 1hr 1 hr Note: The actual meaoing of
F I = 20 se =_
{ 3600sec J 180 · average velocity is "equivalenl
Q V2 = V1 + at constant velocity". ll is nol --------------------------- --11
.. _/.,),'
 394 395
SOLUTION 20:
VA :& Vs== their respective velocities
let 1st motion : ,---- ---- --- ---- ---------
ution nee == zi,:R 3mph
~ .. .!!!_ .. ~ - ll-1-l'll
n Y+n ~ I
5 ol
1s1 ·rcuff1
c)< Cl
tere direction of
55"
~
condition 1: y ,<
s:: vt X+rn ~ 1rv ~~~ ;,
500 = 0/A ♦ Vs)(1) c~ "' ff1 V ,
X==-y --+y.,~ C~ ao01'
VA ♦ Vs= 500 ➔ equation 1 30 l!-1-l'll aoo1t krn ,, /I "'I ,- , 'lmph
condition :Z: X+rn
m==-n--+n ""
:::~ ,Se"" To00 ,,,, ·'
35" , ,
~,
s = vt 30 X+ro 5~ aoo1t )(' 56"'
I~
500 ==
500
0/A - Ve)(3) x-y=3
30x ,,41""~
~
i~
i~ solving for VA3 : VA=
VA-Ve==-
333.33 m/min
x--==3
X+rn
2nd motion :

--+ 8qulllioti1
3
t ~ o.36 t,r
( rnin)
60-:;;.:- '. , , ;
ii
~U)
~3 SOLUTION 16: m+n:::3 , ~21 .54 rnin.
'------------------------- -- ~3
5 (!):::,
I
~ condition 1 : 30m
5z-i! m+-=3 --+eo,...,_ I zn
d 5 0 Iution
iative rnotion approach VR = resultant speed of boat ~~
0
s=vt
➔ equation 1 x+rn '""'1!112 r bY re By cosine law: ::z<
_u
- 90=vt 0 2 2 2
3 ~ condition 2: equation 1 = equation s ~ vt )t 0/R) = 3 + 8 - 2(3)8 COS 55° ~c.o
2 5()(}11:: (3 + 4
ffi5 90=(v+5~t -15)
ffiU
..,__..J
-
60
➔ equation 2 x -30x
-=m+30rn
_
x+rnx+m
~ o.36 tir .
1~ .54 rnIns.
VR = 6 .743 mph (answo)
i~
.....,u
1 21 ~~
~<
~j solving for v : X==m+i(x+~ 25 (.)
v = 40 kph X+m s01.lJTlON 19:
Ii
~Cl)
w
Cl) ..J

SOLUTION 17:
30km

x = m + 30 ➔ SUbstituteto~l
m+ 30m
m+30+m 3
m+ 30m =J
30+2m

=
• - - direction of current
~
v 1 = v+c = 5mph
,1,::0.cc~~·c.c.
time = t 1
:,: l<-&,

-:I
:
: Ii
~(/_)
WU 3 y n en~
t , .r.:.~~
z~ 2
+ m + 15m = 45 + 3rn UHJ
I~ ~~:
15m
2 Zr!
:Ju m + 27m - 45 = O
By quadratic fonnula :
:::;u
.J21
v2 = v - c = 2mph
I~
,l _cccc::-c.c<:"l
2
- 21 ± -4(1X-4si i-,. time= h C -.&
i~ '- - - - - - - - - - - - - _,lilll
,I - -
m=
m = 1 .575 km
2(1)
it
u
Q~
,_~.....
I
but : Cl il=
__Jw
0~ x =m+30 -~
_JW
~,
Cl)~ <- - - - _( 'f.; x = 31 .575 km t, + 12 =
7
4 0~
- equation1
m + x = 33.15 km Cl)~
I~ H
m
S1 = S 2
,~
3km SOLUTI0~_1_~ _: ___________...: V1l 1 = V2l2
X -- ---- ---
'I
51, = 212
I
I
2.51, = 12 ➔ substitute to equation 1
. Principle : --- ---- -- • 7
t, + 2 .5 t, = 4 ➔ solve fort,
~I!:
Ii
~ I
For objects traveling at constant
~ simultaneously ratio of
I ' t, = 0 .5 hr.
E'!= Q speed. II s, = v,t, = 5 (0 .5)
distance traveled 'is constant V-- '
-------------.-...----···j s, = 2 .5 m iles (answer)
 396
397
PROBLEM
a. 59.6 kph b. 54.5 kph
ti Reetilil~
Two men A#24:
c.
"f~-'~IJ-~
same p • 63.9 kph . d. 34.32 kph
the B
o1nt at and ,,9,. oblem,
• 1111111 , circle . St;i
m pe; w~lked at thClr~ull'l~ng ..
t,,'. ,,,, what is the
~-"previoiJS bOpr at with respect to PROBLEll35:
minute e sa •re,,."' ~ rr~e I t11e Two men can run around a track oval
c~nter and . Blf A 'Nalkll'le ri~ llf r;,.;rt o nl< in mi/hr'i' 4 8!:i 400 m long in 3 and 4 minutes , ►
c1rcumferen
~~
wa1 'ta,...· llf • ,~rtJll
r, s.37
b. . respectively. If they start at the game ~
1
circle . ce and thks a1 :--" d. 10.68
1s 800 e r ~ •~ instant from the same place. In how
%
8Ill Two
.
pROBLEM 21: traveling towards
t planes
ch iether took off at the same t·,me
between the twm, find ildl~, ~
end of 5 minut O men A. the ~~
,, 7 48
,. . . 3O •
_,,,,,,. d. 8 moving at 20 and
many minutes will they pass each
other if they run around the track in w
8
•~ 8~
~II)
~~
:m ~o airports located 4800 km.
a. distanes. ,,.0cars A a~·velY are 300 km apart.
f"°~ resP~~~ing toward eac~ other
the same direction? 11
56 Ill. ,
b. distan: : 3Bo. a. 12 mins. b. 18 mins. ,~
~ start _ At what time will they
art If they meet after 2 hours,
i~ ~ .J 8
d~te~ine the s_peed of each plane 1f
c. distance ==
d. distan
382.ss
381 .S7 Ill. 1:oO prTI
c. 6 mins d. 48 mins ~
one plane is flying at a speed of 160 ce:: 382 S Ill. I (I M b. 8:00 PM PROBLEM #36: i5
o kph faster than the other. PROBLEM #25· . 5.ll'l, fl!'3 10:00 PM d 7:00 PM A man can row 20 km, downstream ;;J ~
:;I~ a 1300 kph. and 1200 kph. A BMW - • · 11 :00 P · in the time he takes to raw 8 km. ~ 5
ffi5 b. 1280 kph. and 1000 kph. car dnves fr0
30 miles/hr rn At
c
· 14 t31: upstream. He rows downstream for m <.>
g from s at · theAnother ca~dc• !z g
I
uJ c: 1120 kph. and 1100 kph. ,,0•1,S5tart from a given point and 1.5 hours, then turns and row back
~~ d. 1280 kph. and 1120 kph. toward A at same ti1t1e ~ , 811d B a straight road at average for 3 hours, but he finds that he is still -
miles, find when20thm1/hr. If AB~ r,el ort of 20 and 30 kph 3 km from his starting place, find the 3! ~
~ ~ PROBLEM 22: a 22 m· e cars.... • ~ ':..ds ly If B starts 2 hours after ffi
5
ffi 5
~
A man driving his car from his home . m. b q'" n.... W°"~tive . rate of the man in still water
~I"': d the distance traveled bY B
1~
c 24 · - 23 ·""I. a. 7kph b. 3 kph ~g
ffi g reached his office in 6 hours. If he ~ Fin tin A
~ ~ increases his speed by 24 kph, _he
.
PRO~LEM #26:
mm. d. 25 rnl~.
ll'ill. l)l!Or8 "'f;o k;i. b. 210 km.
c. 10 kph d. 12 kph ~ts
would reach his office an hour earlier. A car 1n overtaking at . PROBLEM 37:
3- 120 km- d. 150 km.
I
o Find the distance of his office from accelerated its spe d railer un11r...i
A man can row a boat at 20 kph in m
c.
lil to 90 km/hr in e frorn ~-h."!' still water, travels 3 km a~ainst the ~
~
his home.
a. 700 km. b. 270 km. the distance 8 seconds. C.i,.°7!
. traveled du •·"""'
"'...nJit,EM
an 32:
rows upstream at the rate of 6
Alll nd rows back
river current in the same time that it ~
:r c. 730 km. d. 720 km. down can travel 5 km with the current. Find ~ Cl)
pen~d 0 \~cceleration. nog ~ ~t!am at the rate of 42 kph. If the velocity of the current. en W
C!!S ~ PROBLEM #23: · 4 -44m. b: 234.44n, complete trip requires 30 a. 2 kph b. 5 kph d
~d Two girls walk in a circular track. If c. 167 .23m. d. 189. ~ : utes. Find the total distance the c. 6 kph d. 7 kph.
LU
za:
z a:: 2
they move in the same direction at
PROBLEM #27: r,an rowed. :::W
:JO constant speed, they meet each PROBLEM 38:
Raindrops are apparently f.ii;... a. 5.25 km. b. 7.5 km A man walks a certain distance at the ~ ffi
~ [fl
~ er
other in 56 minutes. If they were 40° with the perpendicul;•: ~c. 6.25 km d. 8.5 km. rate of 6 km/hr. and returns at the ~ ir
rate of 4 kph. If the total time that it ~ ~
moving with the same speed before,
~u but in opposite directions, they would appears on a_driver on a cartraveq PROBLEM 33:
at 72 kph. Find the velocity ofraki~ Two cars set out simultaneously from takes him is 4 hrs and 30 mins. ~ if
i~ meet every 1~ min_ute~ and 46 m/sec it strikes the ground. {Assu!t !PS 150 km apart. Th~y traveled detennine the total distance he O >-
a. seconds. Also m moving m opposite
Qix: direction, the approaching distance
velocity of rain to be constant).
a. 10.76 b. 5.55
l)Ward each other and passed at the
11d of 2 hours and 30 minutes. The
traveled?
a. 21 .6 km b. 26.9 km.
_
..J ::E
ffi
I
..J Iii between the girls decreases from 200 c. 23.8 d. 28.3 speed of one automobile was 6 kph c. 6.6 km d. 6.86 km. Qo
Ol m to 29 m in 3 minutes. Find (a) the ,eater than that of the other. Find
(/) ~ circumfe_rence of the track and (b) PROBLEM #28: lie speed of the faster car. PROBLEM 39: Cf)_ l!J
:r: ~ the walking speed of each girl. A man can row at 8.5 ml/hr ins11 a. 30 kph b. 33 kph A man can row 4 kph in still wat_er. If fu
g, ~ it can travel 15 km downstream in the -o
a. Track= 730 m, 21 m/min and water. If velocity of stream ~ 1.! c. 16kph d. 14kph
same time it can travel 10 km ~
~~ 35 m/min. mi/hr, at what angle with the Iii« upstream, detennine the rate of the ~
:5 8 b. Track= 720 m, 23 m/min and bank must the boat be steered ~
PROBLEM 34:
~~
M owner type jeepney 3m long stream
CL r= 34 m/min. travel the shortest distance ii overtakes a truck 30m tong which is a. 0.8 kph b. 9.1 kph
c. Track= 752 m, 20 m/min and
II
d. 0.6 kph
I~
<J(/)
crossing the river 87.74' uaveling at the rate of 20 kph. How c. 10.75 kph
\ ii
lc!:Q

35 m/min.
d. Track= 728 m, 22 m/min and
35 m/min.

a. 39.79°
c. 79.84°
· b.
d.
10
o.65'
j(,

last must the car travels io pass truck

11 3seconds?
I
Iii
 398
399
.... - ... I '~,,~ ,
~ AN&~~ ACCAD SOLUTION #27:
= #"'
:set this girl!'--,_ . -- ---- -. 5)
21-30 ooocc
ABAA ···., 1,,6~~
~- -------- --- ----- --- --- ----,
-31-39 CABAA - -!
....
r.-..r. ..!'
.......
.....
:to rest
:'
~ - ·,
-~",:' .j•' 3- ~ - 500
.!.'' · ~~""
m
~ '
II w
Qllll~ 1~ ~
SOLVTl~-~;~~--------------,

I
. --
~
' ,,
"'
• ••• ) : ~,,,..

• ,'itfJ
\ ,
' ro111
, :, 5•'°,aoo>
5
ra d

·
.

a
0
00)(800)='8

::: ;;;:~
_., ,

. . .,
v,..."
I :
'
~g:-~·~·a;,-= 2 ti= 2 -a f: '· --....... ····--.. ' ' c<>''
800)
+(8 o.0)2
o, 21 ·\e' 1aw
::>(>.
~l,jJ: · --~--------
' t.. Sg -- - 2J5_ 2(500)(800) -:-...-'.::: :-.·· ·. ·.
I~
~:: i
'•·-...: 91, (500)o) + (
,.,~. . I
I let :
s = tr~ck circurnferenee ·1 2
< ~ 49° ?,. ~
ii
5 7m v..,,,. 72kph 41@1
condi!1on 1: walking ~ . cos:Z
1
s s, : 5
~-- - ------------------------
Assume rain falling downward
I
dO,ect,on ""' ,• " ' : - - - - . • •••••• · - , vertically __, en
~..J,
a: ----
.1.-- - ------ -~ ,, -4 800 km
s •=(VA+
S Vt 46
Ve)12_ ...,. ea,,..,_ '..-----oN _2.5 ·------ h : ~3
I
(!)
w~•-···---- _____________
~ = 20 m
1hr ) (!):::,
72 km (1000m)(
!z u S, + S2 = 4800
S =Vt 60 '~1 sOI:~~~ --- 20 : hr 1km 3600 sec s UJU
~~
I•-·-·1 ':
200 - 29 =(VA+ Ve)3
- - _-►
3! "' from S = vt ,-- - ph _ time=~:
:t
tan40o = 20
ffi ~ (v + 160)(2) + v(2) = 4800 VA+ Ve = 57 ➔ equation2. sobs( ~ :: 39.$
tteb_'.... V ~en
ffi ~ 4v + 320 = 4800 1 ~ V = 23.83 m/sec ~~
1±: < v = 1120 kph ' 51 S, ..._.u
s = s1 (12 :~)
Ii
i5 u v + 160 = 1280 kph ~~
Ii
SOLUTION #28 : <=> u
s = 727.7 m :_.-·s;~zo-- - 2~-~~- - --
~
ll
SOLUTION 22:
s, + :zot = 20 . :· ·-- ---- , , . m •• - - - i
~w . ~ . .=
condition 2 :
I min)
i: 0.4hr( ~
, , ►
:~ ~
direction walking in the~ JOI+ 60
~~ -
"6 en t, 6
ff3d
•
v+'24 ~- .
S = Vt
S = (VA-Ve)t 1=24 mins.
'
'
., _-_/ -- _ ., ~ . -
:..a~
' cnw
za:: 1• ~ ~
- ;
...I;....,
t
-- ,· - ~ ·r,,7".·- 2=5
.
- ...... ~:..: -~.. "":'· ~ •
ia
":' . . " · -- =·
•

., ;
r
727.7 = (VA - Ve) 56
VA -Ve=13 ➔ equation 3.
equation 2
81jj ~ SOLUTION 26 :
_~:. ~1'
. ,. ·- --- ,
"-.•\\- -
-- \ '----
: zw a:d
' :::::H5
I y2 : V 1 +at
C/)
w
i S, = S2 VA+ Ve= 57 ➔ equation2 1hr ) - _1 hr Resultant track , ~ ff3
~ ~ v(6) = (v + 24) 5 2VA = 70 8sec 5( 3600 sec s - 450 which is .1. to river ~ ~
~a: v=120 V A = 35 m/min ➔ substtoeqn.1
:::::ec.. S=vt
35 +Ve = 57
1 I • ------------------- -- - - -- -- ' ~§f
0~ S = 120 (6) Ve = 22 m/min
90 = 40 + a ( -)
4 50 shortest route is .l to·the river bank : ~ g;
...J~ S=720km. a= 22500 km /hr.hr . 1.5 0&
- ,-
sin0 =--
g~
II
therefore . 8.5 ...J ~
SOLUTION #23: __ ______ ___ __ _ S=V,t+ 2.at2
S = 727 .7 m 2 a= 10.1s O@
z > :set this girl('-,._ , . ,.~ ' V A= 2 2 m/min y = 90° - 0 = 79.84° (/) (!)
3, ll:j 'to rest / "' --+ VRf;LATIVE 2
(...!....)
a..: c ,. ------,,
e
-,.-_
= Ve = 35 m /min 1
ii
-,,;!
LU~
. 'a
.f~·.\ S = 40 ( - - ) + 2_ (2 250 0)
450 2 450 SOLUTION #29 :
~8
, -~-- VA+Ve
\I
S=0.14444 km 2
: · ·- · ------:
SOLupoN~#24
I _ ' I S= 144.44 m V = Js.5 2 - 1.5
~w ', , V = 8 .37 mph
' i- -61,.. '
~~
o
~E .- --- - -- - -- - - ---- I
I Z o
1~ 46
: ~~i- ~ - : ::s ,_
l:!'=9 ,_____ __ t =12 - mins
_____
60 __ __ ____ ', X -- 'o~ · · · -· ··••':
: - - - -- - - - -··-
Vt--
I~
l ~ ,,..---c
 400
401
t, + ti ::: 0.5hr ~ equau
,-SOLUTio
----- N 30: ----~ s, ::: /✓ SOLUTION #36:
I
S2 °n 1
j .,f~!/;,
r, ?-\;; ·--ttii;----·:
: 20 kph 30 kph : V1t1 ::: V2t2 I
'➔ direction of curr;nt
I
,~
+-' 6t1 ::: 42t2 I
v, = v+c
i' ~ =t
tim• • t I
time '
!i! - - - - -><--- -----.m :, : t1 ::: 7t2 -+ substitute to ·
,r,;lr,
~rrve = VA-
I
I
I
I
I
: I
7t2 +ti::: 0.5
~i :
I
9quauon I
I ~>-
~:z
u.1% •
tpO ' ~
X 300-X
I
',
'
8t2 ::: 0.5
1
I
I • 0
~o·
~o : ti= 0.0625 hr
1 1
I
~o ' I
ig ;;-~;;:-r---- ---------------:, : z
I
= =
--
G]W I
I S2 V2t2 42(0.Qe25) I
S1=20 I -0
I
S2 = 2 .625 kn, I~()
._., UJ
iu.,W
S1 + S2 ::: 5.25 kn, _____ _____ _,I V2= V - C
I
I :%: U,
V
~
I ~Z
~i t, = 12 SOLUTION 33:
I
I
::::::EO
u..,W
~S X 300-X --- ---- ------ ...... 1: , , , ' I s.,;! •
~ .. 133_33m/min ' ~
~~
I
'
:.i~ 20=3 0 ' V !
I U,.
--c:O
l
,,
ffi5
X = 120
wO x=v1t
!z.l.0
:, ~irne
-+ . 1 -- 2.s tinie
.
2 2
,,. _ :
1
~;-, ~, ~3r11inS " 1o()Tl/m
~ in S2=8 1 '~en
I
I ::,
..J
,I -
~3
t=6
120 = 201
t+1=7

1~
~ -~~ -->~---~----1~
'I 2

5 ~- 4r111ns
1P
fl\'E ::: VA -VB
r,ie ::: 133,33 - 100 direction of current
V1 = v+c :.

I
I
: ~;;j_
: ~(.J

C!)::,
Wt)
..... ~
1 ::: 33,33
~fl\'E m/min
: ~~
~
a::o I 1_S0km
~ ~ SOLUTION #31 : ·------- -..J
c:::,O:
:5 :
--- ------ - ------- --
20 kph .
key equation- .- - - - - • · -- -~ IIY equation : I
as=> ,X: (.J
u..1
--:
~ , ~➔ ·• time::;: ...j let: · · •... j
Is• ~RELt::: 400 : 250
~~
lUJ : ~[t I
~:

•
tlmEr -=-F--
. v = ve locity of
. V + 6 = V I . car 1
e oc ,ty of
S1 + S2 = 150 car2

•133.33)1_::: 400
-----------
, 12 mrns.
1
S1
V2= V - C
: ~~
~
: i:::3 a::
~ : °" (/)
(/) UJ SA= Se
~(/) ----------- - - • - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ , V1t1+ V2t 2 ::: 150
I
I
I
W
Cl.
UJ 5 20t = 30(t - 2) --
v (2 .5) + (v
= 27
+ 6) 2
( ·5) :: 15Q
I
I
►
:J::
-----
V
za: t = 6 hrs
IS =
::J ti SA (20)(6) =120 k
S,•S,• 120km m
V + 6 = 33 kph
SOLUT ION 3 z - - - - I
3 kms
~ime = 3hrs /
I S2 _
z a::
: Cl)~
I LU(.)
,---
:
~ ~ ~~LUTION 32 ·
-------- -- --- --- -- -- -- --- --~ ::Jo
Cl: :
~ii: :
J~ :
- - -- --- -- -·- - - -
v ·=4 :irhection ~;- --- - ----,
➔2 p
'
:
V REL:::V - - - -- - - -- - ......j
~ -------- ----..ci'i
let v = velocity of man
c = velocity of current !~ (.)
1
, I
:' L
I
~ l-~HLLA~ / ~:,
11 = 12 = I
~=1 if
I O ~: ~
Q I
,nw - - -
C)~
- - z¾..i V1 V2 -f-
~~.: ls: 30 m ,3 . :
: V
l
"'' {!) : __Jw
, _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ ___ ___ ___+ . ......: 20 8
~I let · v +c v - c 0~
00::IE I Cl)~
u,!j1 ' v =- v e locity of car 20v - 20c = av + 8c
~~
l ~
~8 : v - 20 = velo city of car relative lolie 12v - 28c = 0
c,_f!: .: v = 2.333c ➔ equation 1
\1
<n
_,
w'
I- '
j::
:Z

I
I

s = vt
truck
(30 +3),, -(v -20{
1000m / km - · \3600-
~ i key equation :
S1 - =3 S2
!I
~~
e: ~ ' s2 (v + c)(1.5) - (v - c)(3) = 3 ➔ divide by
- 1
J_
I v = 59.6 kph
=- f-
f
1.5
-v + 3c = 2 ➔ equation 2, substitute eqn. 1
11
 402
403
-2.333C + 3C = 2 ,
L~"!:ION
79_ ----!139.
dire'•< a. 127m. b. 146.94 m
c=3
-~: :~-1i1t=
, ' d. 146 m
v:: 2.333C V1:::4+~• C. 146.9 m
V =2.333(3)
PROBLEM 17:
v=7 A stone drops into a well. The splash
i~ ~ - 3 - ~:_______________ _ sound was heard three seconds later.
i~
~o -----
~o :
ill•:~
direction of ►
~ i~ -
. . th

What is the depth of said well?

a. 37 meters b. 41 meters
c. 53 meters d. 30 meters I~
Iii -~--------- -· .
Y1t4
ti!ll ,
I _,d ,1:
. : ..i,91-P"' tion due to ~rav1ty in e
: ~8ceele~:rn or ft./sec is
PROBLEM 18:
A man in a hot-air balloon drops an
i!;~
~
w
~~:~ apple at a height of 150 meters. If ~ it
~~ i l
: ~is~ sY~ b. 42.2
l
~
, . 32- d. 20.2
S1=5 ~ I
8
15.2 said balloon is rising at 15 mis, find ~ ls
: c. .. the highest point reached by the ~ (/)
~3 ,2, , ,
~3
~
- -- I
C!):, · -· -- _ : ,it01!1,E~h of a pro1ect1le apple.
letv=rate f .-•• __ , .., pa a. 141 .15 m b. 171.15 m e>::J
UJ (.)
UJ~
~o
k o stre
ey equation : am
·-.. ' i•• ----:--:::::
otf a c
···, ~,.....--;:-p~artrt O ciur,cle c. 151 .15 m d. 161 .15 m 1-ci!
~~
11 = t2 a.
b ellipse PROBLEM 19: ~o
I' ::z: .J
LU :J
l l ~ =~ c: parabola A flowerpot falls off from the edge of :S ~
ffi5
I~
a::o
LLI.J
S2= 3 V1 V d. hyperbola a fifth-floor window, just as it passes
It:< . the third-floor window someone ~ ~
2
i50 '---------------- ------ --- - -- •OIILEM #3:
15 10 accidentally drops a glass of water ~ c3
~ 5 key equation :
ill let v = velocity of current
-=-
4+v 4- v
rp standard acceleration due to
~ilY, g is equal t~: from the window. Which of the
I ffi
a.--=--
~
3
20 - v 20+v
5
otS Cl) 60 + 3v = 100 - 5v
en~ v=5kph

v = 0.8 kph 8
64.34 ft/sec
2
b: 32.2 11 /sec
c. 980 ft/sec
d. 68.2 km.hr/sec

following is true?
a. The flowerpot and the glass
hit the ground at the same
instant.
b. The flowerpot hits the ground ca oo

o
~
~
~
wu-- PROBLEM #4: at the same time as the glass. (J) ~
A mango falls from a branch 5.0
~; SOLUTION 38: c. The glass hits the ground W ()
...J(.) meters above the ground. With what
before the flowerpot. Z g;
speed in meters per second, does it
I~
~~

-+ 6kph
11
+-4Kpn ~

strike the ground? Assume a= 10 ml

sec2
a. 10 b. 12

d. The flowerpot hits the ....J ()

ground first and with a higher ~ [fl
speed than the glass. ~g
J[ 12 C. 8 d. 14 PROBLEM no: ~~
(.)
A ball drops from a building 100m. ~ ~
Q !
...J ~
key equation ; .
ti + ti = 4.5 ➔ equation 1
PROBLEM #5:
A ball drops from a balloon at a high. If its mass is 10 grams, after C) 1r
Oo S1= S2 height of 195m. If the balloon rises what time will it strike the earth? :J tu
at 29.3 mis. Find the highest point a. 4.52 s b. 4.42 s Q~
Cl)~ V1!1 = V2!2
reached by the ball. C. 5.61 s d. 2.45 s (/) ~
:::c:~ 6'1 =4'2
~~ ➔ a. 238.Bm. b. 236m. PROBLEM #11:
II
1.511 = ti substitute to equafion 1 c. 239m. d. 237m.
~8 11+ 1.5'1 =4.5 Using powerful air gun, a steel ball
~ ~ t, = 1.8 hrs 1 PROBLEM #6: was shot vertically upward with a
Ill S1=6t, = 10.8 An object falls from a height of 92 m velocity of 80 meters per second,
and strikes the ground with a speed followed by another shot after 5
... S2
!!! = S1= 10.8
u
seconds. Find the initial velocity of
II
.
of 19 mis. Determine the height that
the object must fall in order to strike the second ball in order to meet the
-Q With a speed of 24 mis. first ball 150 meters from the ground.
1-., ..-......_ ..r.:· _,L;:i
 \
404
405
dropped and . SOLUTION #6:
o:
0? f"--------
a 127.~ mfsec. 18 seconds reaCl)es
b. 61 .32 m/sec. ground · Ho~ lh~ 1,1 ,i f om A toward C at V1:
weight w:~sd the hen!9h a~~ ~ ,f~ car driV~n;ther ~r s~~ing
I
~ 2o.~ mfsec. I
d. ~ .56 mfsec. a. 1427.~~Pl>ed? Pt~r ~~ l~ile~(' the s~;; Itta ~1v;~ a = + 9.81m/~
2
~ ~ 9A at 20 mica~ will meet.
II
JI,Elff12: b. 1< S=92m
II
c. 1434.77
. pRO falls from the window of a tall th
PROBLEM # l '7• d, <~·8& ~find w11en e b. 23 min.
: ., ·~··
Agl~ss n,e sound of broken glass
bu1ld1:~· the same level 3 secs. later. At a uniform • ·Sa 1~ · 22rnin- d. 25 min.
Iii re::ich . h ·s the window? Assume second, water r~t~ of 4 ,. z4 ,r,1n. ·- . ·"'7""""'+"f-7:i"''-: , level i!;r,J
HOW hrg I / Assuming acr..eI rtpg froll'l drllfli c......,.:,;:.;iiiim/~:, ~-l:Y .;:_,. ; ~~
i! locilY of sound l'l be 340 m s.
: -,jJO;= d,-J!:-,,.,,.= 7 =
=-51
i~ ~:41 .4 m
ve 40.65 m b. 23.56 m
to be 9. 81 2
resistance, find ~sec an:lcti ~ , ~. . ~
erat1ori of a~ .c ~ ;"7 • ..,ACBAA CBDDA ·
1
11 - -. ~0 BAODC
ADDCC .r.•
,_------- ---- ---- ---- ----- ---- ~"!
I~
~iS PROBLEM 11 3:
~~
.
d. 23.4 m
the cable of an elevator rs broken
upper drop has brops iri lllrri''~
sec. eeri iri ,. ff~ ~ '-
0
two consecutive ; distance ~ ~ , i. 1~ • • , ..-~ ., . " '> . .-,; f
l .'~ ~
~f)l,UJilO,N
~m =
v/ = v/ + 2as
192 = 0 + 2a(92) ~~
0
5
~ ~ AllilllJJ' 1]~ ~ ' · -
a= 1-:962 mis
ffi 5 when
11
ii is at the 30th fl~or so that II
w o will have a tree tall, what ,s true about
a. 2,254.45rnrn when .·
z,,
C!>
wu
I- :i
b. 1.453.44rnrn· f#.1\:1 ,... ½=~
ig a passenger inside? (Select the best c. 1,234.87rnrn· #4.
2 2
V2 =V, +2as
_w
~en
3!(1) answer) d. 1,226.25rnrn· ,111 l)TlON · 242 = 0 + 2 (1 .962)5 ~3
ia 3 a. he will not be harmed · ~- 2 + 2as
S = 146.9m ~a
~
122:~\ 2(10)5
we assume here that the motion is a ~ ~
i
b. he will be slightly harmed . PROBLEM #18:
tt ~ c. he will be _harmed but he will The depth of the
Volcano was calc fater Of Tij n• ~100
t - r:;;"n
free fall where a ;r 9.81 2i u
i5 u surely survive
d. the chance of surviving is very following manner Fru ated ~ I'! ii• 10 r n / s ~ - - - - - - -
. omahoi;..,'.' ::..---=-;#5 SOLUTION #7: ~
. ve rt·really Ul)Wards at··~
;_· f~·::..:
I :: ~,~o:.··
fl y1ng sOl,UTIO,!'! ___ : __ ______ __ ____ i
:: aa(/)?c~
--------------- ------------ -~ al
fil slim.
per second, a small bom20 ~ ••• ----- vi= r
~ " PROBLEM 114: released at the instant the heb 1111 : ,0 , 1 t
;
DIS en
A stone is thrown vertically upward al
the rate of 10 mis. It will return to the
was 120 feet above the~ :
surface. The sound of thee ~ : .6 : I
jS
(/)~
WU
(I)~
~~
ground after how many seconds? was heard 9 seconds late~
speed of the sound is 1OCIJ "' 1
:V :29.3m/ .=___J I hma j
' .
: f S,=52
z~
--
' ,.J(.)
--
..JU
~en

a. 2.40
b. 2.34
c. more than 10 secs
What is the depth of the 'crai:·
feet?
1
a=-9.81m/s
2
I 195 m
time =it, : · ; liine '" t:
.I"'
I
'
I
I

W
-'
Q.
t)
~~ d. 2.04 a. 756.67 feet b. 654.34fe« ground level 1
I
I
S,.,:z
~-
i ~~
c. 759.48 feet d. 740feet W /// 1/,r///J///} , I ::liE IJ:
PROBLEM 115: ' a.
A ball was thrown vertically upward PROBLEM #19: ····-····-- - - - - -
: o~
A balloon which a child tied ~ 1
I .. •
a. with an initial velocity of 3 mis from · W= v,2 + 2as ,_________.......... -------------- ' ::itii
0~ the window of a tall building. The ball piece of stone on the ground (baM et maximum height Since this is a two- motion problem, O ~
J tii strikes the sidewalk at the ground nearly touching the ground) at l't 0=(29.3)2 + 2(-9.81)S establish an equation between times, (J) ~
O~
i level 4 seconds later. Determine the side of a tall multi-~torey buildnggd S=43 76 m
III
and between distances.
(/) ~ velocity with which the ball hits the loose and rose vertically upWald iil · t;+ 12 = 3 secs.
::x: ground and the height of the window a uniform velocity of 2.7 ~ ff hm.x = S + 195 = 238.8 m ti = 3 - l1 -+ equation 1
5; above the ground level. ' rt . he~illi
second. At a ce arn S1 = S2 -+ equation 2
:'.: a. V = 36.24 mis, S = 60 m touched a small loose stone ; ,.,i
5- b. V = 36.25 m/s, S = 50 m. side of a building. T~e ~r~ I Consider motion of the stone
1
[fl
a.~ c. V =36.24 mis, S =66.4 m. touched the ground ,n ·h bali0'1 S1= v,t, + /2at,2 E
So'! ffi d. V = 36.42 mis, S = 68.4 m. Solve for the height of t e 1
S1 = 0 + / 2 (9.81)t,
2
'z~
I
! ~ PROBLEM #16: .
~ From a helicopter rising vertically with
- ~ velocity of 9m/sec., a weight is

when it touched the s~on~5_7111.

a. 12.56 m.
C. 30.66m.
d. 45_75111.
.
-s
 406
407
s, =4.91,2 __.equstion3
consider ,notion of the sound
~~~~~~-~ _tl9: But 2.181 sec is not acceptable
~
ve/OCitY of the glass
_5 rnl5_. wtJ8fl nMs the ground thus :
s:: vt 5th
a - • - •• •••
But at STP: vsouND =330 mis 10 8 t = 14.165 sec.
11 \
'
l tM ground, time considerB
Thus: 4th ·,
52 :: 330'2 ➔ equation 4
10
I
,j I
I
_., ,1t1rd flo0' ,, t/,aJI time for IM
1 te = t-5 = 9.165 sec
fr<,... J jJ grtO ,, 2
8 Substitute equation 3 and equation 4 3rd /of ,,as Se= V1ela + 2 gta
1 2
f°'- t will hit the ground first 150 = V,e(9.165) + /2 (-9.81)(9.165)
~; to equation 2:
2nd tJ:Lt,: "'"s th8
,,... , 't/1 grea
P" ter velocity than the solving for V1a i5I
~S S, ::S2
i.J 4.91,2 :: 330'2 ➔ substitute equation 1
",e = 61.32 m/sec ~fi',
~~ 4.91, 2 :: 330 (3-11)
~wl
~ ·
-------
#10: SOU/TION #12:
I--------------------------- 1Ii
~~
,l~ I
Cl 4.91,2 + 330!1 - 990: 0 sOI'..~~------------------:
~ ~ t, -_ - 330 ± {3302 - 4( 4.9)(-990)
<.!) 0 ___.-,..---'--"-:_ ____'.. Assuming th~;~----- ~-:~ j [" 4'I ~ v1•0 '
: glasal, raound \ i~
~ i_ value will do for t:h n00r ~ 3··•••.• : : ,._,,o
I
1
2(4.9) I I
~ o t, :: 2.88 srcs. ➔ substitute to eqn. 3 8Sakeot Ill~ ., : I os
I .,,-1--..
._ . , --5
~::#
: za
I
: : ...LSa
~oo s, ==4.9t,
ffi~ S1:: 4.9(2.88)2
Consider the Pot· ~~~ \
5 .. 1oom ,I
I
:
1. I•
: time s t, ~:i_!"'• = tz : , ~
I -
S :: v,t + 1, .2 . I I I ... L I ~
ffi i.o _____ 2 a1·
l±: _.:..
S1:: 40.56 m (answer)
~
I
12- 0 1
t _ - + 12 (9.81)t2
I a= +9.81m/S~ : •,, ,·1.·,.·,,:,,,,,,,,,,_,,,,,,.,,,,, :
\ I
----------- ----------- -------
!~o ------------
0 SOLUTION #8:
----------------, -1.56 secs r
➔ 1me for1t,e ,
' key equation :
::#
o
v2=0
V2 = v, + at grounl} ~ bij~ \ t,+'2=3 ➔ 9qU~1
;ob + = S2 ➔ equati0/1 2
,~
~
ii
S1
V2 :: 0 + 9.81 (1.56) \ 0 1
ca(/) 1,~ =15nvs
hmax

v2= 15.34 mis ➔ veloe1tyo1

To reach the third fl
it hits lhe lhefll"-
~

;_ ______ _-__- _________________ _

s=v1t + 12 at
1/ 2·

S1
~=~

= V1l1 +
S2: V2'2
/2g(t,}2
~~

If
~
(/)~
3'd floor) 0 + 1/; (9.81)(t1}2 = 340 '2
UJ() a= . 9 81 nvs' to OOr: (i.e.frilt 100 = o+ / 2 (+9.81)r (/)~
Zit 4.9 t, = 340 ti WU
~~
s=v,t+ 1/ at2 t=4.52seconds (answer)
::i13 : I
1150 m but :
en : ' ground level =0 +
,
t6 -111 /2 (9.81)f
2 -
SOLUTION #11 : ti= 3 -t, ➔
from equation 1 JO
B§ ~
!i~!z!g '- ----~~~::://////// I I ------------ - ----------- ---,
\ £:r•='1
W I r
//b/,- ----
------------ - . secs ➔ time toreach 111illr : ,... ' thus we have :
4.91.2 = 340(3 - t,l I~
er The motion is free fall Let: solving fort, ~~
~ Af/~8 hj ghest point, ~2 = 0 t , = time for the pot to tijvel tr.i t, = 2.88 secs. · ~ If
0 er vi - v, + 2as third floor to the ground thus, Q►
m \ F-s :time = t -
~
\ SA ==15
Jlii O= 152+ 2 (-9.81)s 1' = 1.56-1 .11 I ' ' s, = 4.91, 2 -
0~ s==11 .47m I' = 0.45 sec. ➔ time tortheixtbllll
\ !----! S1 = 4.9(2.88)2 ..J ::E
0 I•
H
0
s, = 40.65 m
(/)~ SMAX :: 150 +
. s
from the thirdffo(xlolfl,- : A
h-----•------------ ---------
B wo II
w
~~ SMAX = 150 + 11.47 SOLUTION #14: -
Consider the glass: SA= Sa= 150
note : at the same elevation,
161.47 ta
~g
oCI~ SMA)( =
111swer) _
s - v,t + 1, 2 at2
1 2
(V1AI + 12 gt ) = 150 V2 = -V1 & S = 0 -
!'
Ii l
1
1
6 = 0 + / 2 (9.81)1
2 801 + /2 (-9.81)12 = 150 V2=V,+at . I
a..l!:
I = 1.11 secs ➔ ti~ fo,fheg/el!b
2 _ 10 = 10 + ( -9.81 ) t
s.a (I) 4.91 - 801 + 150 = 0
travel fi'OIU/r,8,jll
I: 80± ✓80 2 -4(4.9X150) i
II
t = 2.04 secs.
to the~
2(4.9)
V2 = V1 + at
V2 = 0 + 9.81(1.11) t = 14.165 sec or 2.161
- 1
~ ·
 408
409
sOL.vTION #1!5: ~':'t!'tON ' ,i
PROBLEM 121:
I - --------------
~
I ---- •1?
----:____ .., 1'2(_32.2)t,2J = 1000b H~ high above the ground was the
2 :~ ---- yl20\(-) because we expect hehcopter when the weight was
a= - 9.81 m/s released.
1.~ h,U8 5;gfl o
'
-, ,t = 4sec
:
25
'.!'.~ ' ,,
•, 1•~ a. 1,343.66 m . b . 894.56 m.
M
i•
I
:
Q
·
'I'
sec•
1, i . '. r., tJ8 ()- c . 1,013.58 m. d. 6.456.12 m .
!te
: ;i'°
: v, =3m/s '+
: 0.25sec?---..i "311,I
I o
l 12 ~9 15 .2t,2=1000(9-t1) PROBLEM 122:
: ~ t,.... ~ :1
,h'
s
,_______ ~:------s,e,~
--------~
: .~pg
: P;t.9"1

,
!a;:~.
zOh -t
½at/

What velocity does the weight strike

the ground?
a. 131.21 m/sec. 1g
j 1~,•v~~/95)-+-
ii
½ (-32 .2)(7.95)2 b . 234.56 m/sec.
time gap bet. ------- ---
------------
I
I
I ( successive dro ) 1sec --,,: 5•• I !60ft• c. 141 .15 m/sec.
d . 142.24 m/sec.
For drop A Ps ~ " 0 5, • pill of 1101cano
l-~
II
-=-' "'
o?3 V2 = V, + at
V2 = 3 + (-9.81)4 SA= v,
+ 1 120 s -~S} 11•~e, PROBLEM 123 & 24:
Two boys are standing in two
~~ V2 = -36.24 m/sec
1 2
SA = 0(5/ 8 ) +2 / ( ;it
"P ,.
1• 1~0 . - - - - - - - - - - ~ places with a difference of 2.2
~g
_o note: negative sign indicates V2 is in
the opposite direction as V 1
SA= 1.916 29.81)(,,
m
,,rtoN#19:
2 )2 ItJJ-" ,2 .2
meters in elevation. If they
simultaneously threw a rock each
~3
~~ F or drof B
s: \I t -t1 / at
r . m
vertically upward with velocities
~ 0',. / 2 (9 .81)(2.5)2
1 Se= O( le)+ , of 8.5 mis and 13 mis, compute ~ ,E
~ S = V,t + /2
i5 ~ S
1
af Se= 0 .6898 m12 (9.81)( \)2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
~, ,.30...~6-:.::_6_m the following: (8.5 mis from ~g
= 3(4) + /2 (-9 .81)(4>2
s = -66.48 m
SA- Se=
so 1 .22625 rn
,.,_. _ufION
'"' _____ _ !!~'!: ___ _________ _ 7 higher ele11ation)
I li:
ffi
note negative sign indicate S is in the
opposite direction as V1 ---'=-~"!°!9~ _'!18:
. i'
~
- ---:~t--->l ~
----i ~
, 3Q_$Ph
~tim _ e -_ _
time cffi) :,
= 20
i
PROBLEM 123:
The time that will elapse before the
two rocks will be at the same height. Ii
~ :L
~ SOLUTION #16:- - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 1 a. 0 .489 sec. b. 0.452 sec. ~ (/)
=
I I O I
cl$ (/J ' - 2
I
, : : 1 s, S2 c. 0 .876 sec. d. 0 .345 sec. Cl>w
t' - ,t =- -18sec
a= - 9.81m/s
Cl)w
- ~~~•'!' :: 20 ml ;
wd
za:
wd \ ~20fp : PROBLEM #24:
:::io
=-z. C,
-~
za:: '~;.~~~~0------------------ Height measured from lower
:::i c3 13
: v1 =9mls elevation when the two rocks will be
at the same ele11ation on their upward
travels.
;~
ii
E
• I
: -·• ( 60min) a. 5.185 m . b. 4.567 m.
s 120 t=0.4hr -
;~.
: 1 •
' · , .. , 1hr c. 345.67 m. d. 1.232 m.
V2 y \ 1:24 mins.· 0~
n , - - - - -- - - -- - - - - PROBLEM #25: -1u
A baseball is thrown from a horizontal _J::E
0~ : ;,/ , ) / .,.?-'1/// //,9/,1// ///,1/;-/ /4 1///.-1/,1// / %/ / '/ //41/~,:;///2 __ I
plane following a parabolic path with O@
-1:i:i
_J.:::i: Since the object came from the
Oo
bom~-
si;,ce--the~- b-~ ---,1-•.\ ,~-1111\\11l
c----~- . ~; I
1•1rRIEitlNM an initial 11elocity of 100 m/s at an (/) I!)
helicopter, it will have the same initial
a;~~ = \ll~ll, tii p~_'1\__V,JJ~.
fi,l(\~ ( - j l f'li:: angle of 30° above the horizontal.
~,en~>,
en
"'°

velocity as the helicopter

V 1 = 9 m/sec.

helicopter its initial·

same as that the later f---· ·~ .~mt£x ' !)}},.
l~
~:h.~.,;r.:.:-,;_.._.~'b- -~~~~
How far from the throwing point well
the ball attains its original level.
a. 882.8 m
c. 288.8 m
b. 828.2 m
d. 888.2 m
II
II
2
S = V,t + 1/2 at
II
u..J let : PROBLEM #21 & 22:
1 t, = time for bomb from release to A weight was dropped from a PROBLEM #26:
~f!: S = 9(18)+ / 2 (-9.81)(18)2 A bomber is flying at 300 mph
e xplode at the bottom. · helicopter that is rising 11ertically
horizontally at an altitu_de of 2000 ft.
s. -1 42722 tz = time for sound to travel from with a velocity of 6 m /sec. If the
weight reaches the ground in 15 I Its target is a ship sailing at 15 mph
bottom to helicopter
seconds.
I
·'::I..
I"
410
411
~
. ·,n the same direction and
I~
traveI1n9 . h City B which Is
th . the
same vertical plane as t e the boy Will hit th
towards issile X has a S = V1t + /2
1
ar
boe in
ber How far be in
h' d the sh'ip
ho: th~ ~omb~r release its bomb to
standing On? i e Plactl
the b~llet is 16he lll11~1lhe bird
~
~,eeie~ away. 6 000 km per 1
S = 6(15) + /2 (-9.81)(15)2
15 ~:e~\ , ,25Dt:nt spe~~u~es 'tater, City B S = 1013.5 m
score a direct hit? elevation is _ 1ttOa~'s ..
~ self-propelled
I
2 8 14 19 m
b. 15 19 m a. 21 .45 ltt. Ve t~e rat uf'5 1en rni ··-_
i d. 14 59 m fssile K, in order to ~O N# 22 :
c: 14 29 m c. 12.456 ltt. b. 56.~to~lidI\ ~rclled
~
~ PROBLEM #27:
Cll After the AFP has confir
med that
PROBL1t1,t 3
A golfer hit ~ o:
~
d. <9 0 It!. · i,i,n6 ceptor,
· ~i It!. 1~ ~ y Mis~~ty ~f 6,000 km per
0

X Missile K has
~nttial vel accelerating at the
V 2 _ v~ + 2aS
2 -6'+ 2
V2= 140.9 (-9.81)(-1 0 13.5)
,►i·o
:::E

· ·
j3 Gen. Batalla is dead; they launched a leaves the club ~Olf bau an , 0
km per hour per w.
deg. above the a~ at an ad~ 11... f- r and ,s
~ w massive attack on Camp Cawa-
~ of 3oouming that Missile K
~ ~ Cawa in Zamboanga . They sent a foot of- anothehon~ontaI .ng1,01~
r 90" •· ai_~ r,111111ute. eAsstarget, . M'IssI·1e X,
1« ,
qOd ••~
SOLUTION #23:
I----•-----•-••••-••--------, 1~-
ij i3 Sikorsky helicopter to attack the
=:J ~ camp. The Sikorsky helicopter is
away . What is th ''.e~. I
t~e ball 1f the heig~t n1tia1 ~e~ lli!S t~ e the follow1pg:
hit to be sarne as th of the ban'""'Y ti iteteflTl'"
I
I ~:;;
~ .... flying horizontally at 350 km/hr. at an
ffi a golfer that Was ~ f0o1 Of Ille~
3: is
altitude of 420m . Its target is the
r~
I
13 le X ISa
!z ~ administrative building where Rizal hit? Neglect, ,.osL :!en Missile Khit Missi '
,I -
0
Alih and his companions were
resistance .
a. 35.69 rntsec. ii 1nie t1m : AM
t 5 20
b. 7:30 AM 5 ml
s.
~~
d. 5.45 AM
3! ~ believed to be hiding . What b. 23.55 rn/sec .
c. 45.12 rn/sec · 2
S: 0 AM ~
ffi 5 horizontal distance behind the camp
d 56 5 · ' EM #34·
~ ~ must the pilot observed before he prtOf! from Ci~ B will the Missile X . ~~
a o releases the bomb in order to score a · - 6 mtsec. 2.2 5;...t
PRO BLEM #31: ~estroyed? I
::5 direct hit? be, km b. 2.456 km. V1A= 13 m/s ~a
I I
From a building Which 1 . 1 250
5:i a. 900 m. b. 899.6 m. a. · 4km. d. 3,214km.
:
thrown h00~6011\~
'-'
ffi c. 899 m. d. 900.2 m. kineti energy of 45 . :zontauy ~ c. 132
ball cWas
I
4 ___ :I
·---- -- - ______ _____ __I _____ it~
au
Ii
Cl.
, , - '-
·- --·· --.,~,-· Key equa tion :
com . lf11..
weighs 300 grarns Joules
l~I ~~
- - ~·
~ PROBLEM #28: i... I _ _ ..,.,.._-, •~
•II!,.
·· · ·. ·· ' .:, SA= Se+ 2.2
ce C/l A boy with a slingshot, shot a bird ball's kinetic energy Wh P~e 1':l,- ~
en It ICiUdli; - ~ ,21 - 30 CCAAA ABCDA \ 1
Cl)~ perched on to~ of a tree. But
the bird the1 ground. G' from S = V1t + /2 af
w o flew away (horizontally) at the instant ive Your an- • ... ·~ bt ·_ '•_' _•31 - 34 BBCA .. ··~· ,, 2 ~
~~~-~~~'
• es.
Jou 1311 + 2 (-9.81)112 = 8.51, X
~ ~ the stone left the slingshot. The a. 150.4 3 Joules ,,
+ 2 (-9.81)11 + 2.2 aacn
it b. 221 .58 Joules
..JO stone thus missed the bird and
4
solvin g fort, (J)~
c. 345.12 Joules
,~-
~ ~ reached a height double that of the WO
; g,, tree. Not withstanding this, the stone
d. 567.12 Joules ~11~ 1J:~~Ol .ID lOi j 11 = 0.489 sec Zlr
:::; 6
~~ o~ its way down hit the bird. If the PROBLEM #32: SOLUTION #21 : SOLUTION #24:
~~~ fl~w at an average speed of
2
i if A plane dropped a bomb al II note : since
the weigh t came from
,,
SA= 13t, + 2 (- 9.81)1,
0> mm, what was the horizontal its initial velocity 1
elevation of . 1000 meters from h fie helicopter, helico pter SA= 113(0.489) + /2(-9 .81)(0.489)2
- ~ component of the veloci ty of th e
..J~ stone?
053 a. 16.56 mis b. 12_48 mis
ground intended to Ma target v.lllt equals veloci ty
elevation is 200 meters
of
from h ;··--.1---- ---- -- ---__---- ----, ---
SA =5.185 m
If
I c~
.
groun d. If the plane was flying i1 : ~ ~
~ e> c. 14.48 m/s d. 11.48 mis
velocity of 300 km/hr, at Wi : :::; t:i
i PROBLEM #29: distance from the target mtJSt h : : ~ =6m/s 0 ·o~
r
.., A boy who is ,- ,
bomb be dropped to hit the ~ : V:6m/s : (/)'~
~ of a pole aim6e5dmh..isaw_ fly from the foot
a
I~
: : ;
a. 1,847.34 m.
t n e at a b' d
: ~
Ii
::i : ~1_5
the pole Which is 30 m.\ i ohn b. 1,064.25 m.
CL~ ~ :
the b~rl~ !: ::l~e:igger of the g~n:
C . 5,678.45 m.
d 900.1 2m. ,
I: 1
S2
i== another Which by a bullet from
· : S
~ At What elevatfas a_ble to fire first. PRO BLEM #33 & 34:
I:
g be when the bo~I will the falling bird
u et from the rifle of
At 6·00 A.M, Missile X :
launched from City A aod :
I
. .... ---- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ii
/? :), -,. ,
 412
413
50Ll/TION_!!:_: ____ ---------,:
,--------- ---
tlm• • t ,' -,
.\
. 1'
~o,.~af--
rni (52a
v, =30 Q_
h, >n;
1rii , _____ - ---
_.,.- v,=35
- - ---
Okp- h=9 7.22 ----i:•
---mis :
t = b/6
for horizontal projection of stone
'
'I ' ' time • t 'I I 1
· '1t ~ ,: v,~ s. = v,.t
' '
,, = 134 """ '
'
'', V2y tJ
' I
r '
-~~ , , ~
I
I
a+ 2b = v.t
a+ 2b = v. (b/e) ➔ equation 1
II
• ,. :<r-
: _...
'1'~ ..._
-15 llli (5280ftA
-it··•"'"'
1....
'
~30 °
~
.:.:. •n
by squared property of parabola
V2 - - --:---:
hr 1rni li ,
)', : 420 V2y
v2 = 6.7 rntsec · ~ (a+b)2 =~
j"
i~ : :·v,. --s::v:j_____ _
111 : time • t
1rnft) =609_751!\
(l28 -- : 2h h
2000ft 1:
(a + b) = 2b ➔take •quara root of both
2 2
11
I~ 'L----~~~~nta~ Projec~~~- ______ _
,t' Consider Vertical cornPone j
V,r = V1sm30
motion of bomb:
vl = v,2 + 2as
nt ""'
,
Vjx=V1 = 97.22
V2x=V,l = 97.22 a+ b = 1.41 42b
a= 0.4142b

sides
i~
~a
i3
~
= 100 sin30° from equation 1
~3
I ---- ---------
= 50m/s b
c, :> 0.41 42b + 2b = le v.
~~ ,,,== 109
V2y .4 rntsec I:: __ (!)::::>
~
I . ti V = 2.4142b(6)
~<.> Consider the vertica pro1ec on:
-~
2 ,,. 97 221 X b
3! ~ V2 = Vi ♦ al sx •. aj projection)
v109=.4v,=+0at+ 9.81t ~ert1c , af v. = 14.4852 m/sec
~
ffi5
~~
~~ Thus :
At the ground level, V2 = - v,.
-V1y = V1y ♦ (-9.81)1
I= 11 .15 seco,,,
Or use:
1
-~ = v yt + 1/2 at2
42 5 sec. . . n)
1•9. 2

0m = 0 +
''J
s• V,t • 1 (9 81)t'
2
SOLUTION #29 :
I -- ---------------
.
-------
__ .,.v1v~o ~~
I iaf
o 2v 1y -609 76 = 0 + 1/2 (+9.8i)t2 (Horizonta 1Proiect,o < bird
!= --
IZI
y
time :'- - - - <1
ffi g
t = I I.I 5 seconds sx =V1xt ( _ ) = 899.6 m 1160
~ = 2(100 sin 30°) . .. I
sx =97.22N9 25
Consider honzontal PTOJectio,i cttii SOLUTIO
#28 : 3
motion of the bomb:
~fil 1 9.81
:I:
1.5
~d t =10.19secs Sx = VI
:·· , I .. I. 65m oa fil·
s~::__ t--~~~w-
Sx = 134(11 .15) <n..J
Z(r ---------------- ------------ WO
: : ; u Consider the·horiz,ontal projection: Sx = 149 4 m
L h Consider horizontal projection of the
projectile motion of bullet :
Zll
:::rn
Consider motion of ship :
~ C/l Sx = V1x l
~-~
lf
Sx = 100 COS 30° (10.19)
~ ~ Sx = 882.8 m. (answer)
SOLUTION #26 :

Ss = VI
Sx = 6.7(11 .15)
Sx = 74.7 m a b b

h
Sx = V1xt
65 = 160 coset
65
t = - - - ➔ equation 1
. e~
i~
Cl ~ :- -------- ---- -- ---- - --- -- -- -,I Thus : 160cos8
-1- 1 R= s, -s. Q~
_JIJJ I ~ - ·-- ·- I
R = 149 4 - 74.7
V1x t
-> Consider vertical projection : - t
V1y = 0 : - - - - -- -- -- 1
0~: ·1 . . '' ' I
R = 1419 m f_lUISlller)
I :~
: .. R=V 1xt Sy= V1yt + /2 at2 ..J::::E
1 Oo
'
' Sy=160sin8t+ /2(9.81 )( ➔ subst. eqn Cl)~
1
:
WI I
~It!> i 609.76m , i, i\ SOLUTION #27:
:•. . _Horizontal Projection______ ___
_
0.81
~ .J 28.5 = 65 tane - - -
II
Since the bomb came frrxn II note : cos2 8
~:
UJ I • helicopter it will have the Id time for stone from A to C = t
time for bird from B to C = t solve for B
:S~I!::' R s, velocity as the helicopter.
by trial and error :
~omS=vt 8 = 24.3 9°
_,:
s.2113 v,.
ii
I- I for bird t = 0.446 sec.
S =121
~
;e;§: s, consider vertical motion of bird.
;~ '-------------------------- -- 1 2b = 121 1
S = V,t + /2 at
2
I
Lu
 414
415
2
.~~~ ON, t
~~[~] [
S::: O+ 1/2 (9.81)(0.446) thus they meet at 6:20
s ::0.976 m
11
i -y- ----~:'.:_ --------... ; 36~~~ec] SOU/TION #34:
,, 2
II ~l~{~-~·:,~: ~~:M
Sax= V,a ta+ 2 ate
I 'Y' ~( 10
Sax= 6000(1- 10/FJJ) + ½(18000Xt- /FJJ'/2
II
ft• ,~
• "rr,, - '\ 'I; ,e3.33 ,rvsec. , . t · : ,o,
' sider vertIca pro1ec ,on
, ,
Sax = 6000(0.333 - 60 )
1
1 1 10
1/2', at2
:11i,_ : ~., t + /2 + 12 (18000)(0.33 3- / 60)
,~
I V1w: , 1
''"-j: S'
.,y)~o+
y\ 1/2 (9.81)r.2 Sex= 1250 km
i-,;.=v
ii!;! :
~ • I
1 '
, --- ',
,
I
,
I

-
-.,
I
I

· ·: -..~o.-v \ , r 12.711 sec. ----ii

• I ' \
• - - - - 1- - - - - •time == - : 1*
i~~ii ,' ' time = t\ time= ('
, KE
1 = /2 mv,2 _··---- --
•• t I , 1/'/J.
83.33(12.771) i si:
:20 : \
V/2 -(0.3)V,2 -45
~~ -
_ - 45 N,rn .···•.•,,:, ,,.
1()64.21 m
---------
-=' (fJ :350 V1y
.ff-l)TION ::::.~~z-
--···:#33 1.:_~: ------ .. , ~"'
ii!3
~a :l,fl,,~-----'JL.-_...J.. 17.32 m/sec
:
I
1-
~3· C!)::,
~g l v,. -~~-133____ _ ulTle := t , "c ":.< I wU
for horizontal Projection . / ti~e =-t - 10/60 ~~
V2x =V,x =17.32 mlsec'
~(/) , time= t ~Cl)
~3
~~ ~onsider horizontal projection : ··- consider vertical Projec,;,.• . 8 ~::,
~
' 'Vil . _S _S tt:u
~ ~ at maximum height S = V,yt + 112 a1.2 ~ !:= ~
122 1 c:,(.)
So Sx = / 2 = 61 60 = 0 + /2 (+9.81)t2 3250
.----- ---- -- - - -- - - - - - - -- - -- ___,
Ii
Sx=V ,.t t = 3.4975 sec.
I i 61 = V cos35 t 'note: Since angle of projection and
V2y = V,y :+ at ,1teetion are not given, we assume
ffi
~ I= -
61
➔ equation 1 V2y = 9.81(3.4975) t,at the given speeds and
:r V cos35 V2y = 34.31 m/sec ,cce/eration are ground speeds. aeoo
~en w cons,.der vert·,cal projection : V2 = ✓V2 2x + V22~ Cl) w
w..J
ffJ d at maximum height /el :
z~
Z!r V2y = 0 V2 = ✓(17.32f +(34.31f 1.1= I
10, :Ju
:::H> S = H Ii= 1- so hr.
~"' V2y = V1y + gt
m~ 0=V,y -9.811
~ ~ V sin35 = 9.811➔ substftut8 equation 1

V2 = 38.434 m/sec
1
KE= / 2 mV
1
2
2

SAX+ Sex = 3250 km

SAX= VAIA
SAX = 60001 ➔ equation 1
!~
i~ 9 8 61
V sin35 = · 1( )

KE= / 2 (0.3)(38.434)
KE = 221 .6 N. m ~ =V1ele +
1
/2 ata2 i~
.~9~~(?!;J_~~~:············~ a=300 hrk:in ( 60h~in) = 18000 ~~
V cos35 Cl~
Q>- _ilu
J~ v2= 9.81(61)
Q~ sin35 cos35
(J) ~ V = 35.69 mis
!~- V
, . ',
t1ni,• 11 t ,
jVi,=l'I
SAX+ Sex = 3250
(
I 60001 + 6000 t - 60 + / 2 (18000)
10) 1
0~
Cl)~
!I
~~
ANOTHER SOLUTION:
2
800 1
I
,
v2\. iv. (1- 60)
lkat•I,
I 1Q 2
= 3250
ii
~
R = V sin2(35) 1
Ii
g solving for t :
o.~ -V 1 t--iiI
2 ~s X- 1• 60 min S
t =0 333 hr ( -- -) = 20 mins
I
122= V sin70 _ V-- ti~e =t 1hr
V11 - 1 ,,
~ 9 · ···· J s:oo + t = 6 20
w V = 35.69 m/s
Q
&..,/? ;) at
 416 417
PROBLEM PROBLEM #16:
If the 1o k #6: · An Automobile tire is 30 inches in
string is r 9. Weight . o , #11:
motion fi otated on lied 91,tflf ch i,aving a mass of diameter. How fast in rpm does the ES
a the ' '~d : a v8 ,.,n ~ ... ,,o dies, ea are separated in wheel turn on the axle when the
· minim I"'. o0 . rams
'''taI .,,11,. ,(I! automobile maintains a speed of 45 ~ >
topmost un:i Po . tiri:, J11i1119. tance of 10 km apart,
circular P?s1tion ssIbI8 v ~~ '/Jr,e a d force exerted on each
I5 ~~
mph?
::tl ~
b. max· motion.
imum I
this conditio ension o
for eI0cs,. ; iS ttie avitation
tonf"I ·i,3t e to gr i
~~ ,er dll 35 -;. 10· N
? a. 405
c. 540
b. 450
d. 504 io
8i pROBLE M tl: . . jrl
,. \5 -;. 109 N PROBLEM 117:
At what rpm is a Femsv.:heel turning
111 when the rider feels ~e1ghtles_sness
a. T == 58~
b. T:: 58a::~ N, v::::
n Siting
' b ~-_35 -;. 10::sN A train is traveling at the rate of 12 i ~
mph en a curve of radius 3000 fl ~ ~
jg or zero gravity every t,me the
~~
nder 1s
wheel 9 m
at the topmost part of the
~-T: 6
598.47 ~• v:::: 6:~riv, ' c 1.35-;. 10 N
. T - 588.47 N' v" 6. eriv, d- 14112: Through what angle has ii turned in ~ it
PROBL EM #?· ' v:::: 6.~ riv, \~II~!• in an irregular shaped one minute. ~ 5
~~ radius?
~ s a. 8.97 rpm b. 9.97 rpm A rotating whe • riv, ~nt bodY is 120 ft. from an a. 10 deg. 20 min. ~I/)
~~ c. 7.77 rpm d. 6.57 rpm and 6 in el has a r . ,nn9 eous axis. At the same b. Wd~. 10m~. ~3
circumferen~e A Poiad,11g oti \j!S13ntan point "B" in the body is to c. 10deg. 58min. C!>a
5 PROBLEM t2: 01 d. 25 deg. 22 min ~~
ft. in 2 seco of lhe Wh nt Of\ \ pta ace the velocity of_"~". The
I
(!)
~ g The wheel of a car revolves n times,
velocity of the nd s. Fin~hlt'ioveit. ~ ~ to "B" from the axis 1s :
_(.J
z ~ while the car travels x km. The radius
a. 2 rad/s:hee1. e ~ 611:nc5 ft b. 240 ft. ~- ~s.~~ :· ~~
; c/J of the wheel in meter is: d. 6.2 meters z:..J
b. \ · 305 cm.
a. ~
c. 6 rad/ • 1 -10 BCBCA BCCAC LU:)
!z~ b. 500,000x sec d 4 rad,~ c. ffi~
11 -17 DBACC DB ~<
~g 11n 11n PROBL EM #8· · 5 tad} sLEM #13:
A flywheel is • . ~ rfP tied an 80 grams stone to a ctJ
j c. ~ d. 5,000x
120 rpm . If it;urn1ng at the ~ ~: wh(ch he _rotated to a circular ~-mr :s, ...-::e:.m::--.a:cJdC,,,.... ~:5
25
determine throu diameter is rate~' sU\on with a diameter of 100 mm.
II
!:5 11n
i
11n
PROBLEM #3: does it turn • gh how ma 60o ~ ~pute for the pull exerted on the
,,nQby the stone if it got loose
~\\\Jll!~ 11:~ S,OJ.lJTION
~n 15 minutes. ny 1~
i ~ Determine the angle of the super a.
b 100 n radians ~a'linQ at a velocity of 25 m/sec. SOLUTION #1 :
~ elevation for a 200 m. radius highway
a 1000 N b. 2000 N ,----- ---------------' ~(/)
~ r/J curve so that there will be no side · 2000 n radians cnw
l'
cn ~ thrust al a speed of 90 kph
c. 3600 n radians c. 3000 N d. 4000 N
l
CF= W v2 wd
WU
~~
a. 19.17°
c. 18.32°
b. 17.67°
d. 20.11° PROB~EM #9:
·
d . 400 n radians .
pROBLEM #14:
The weight of an object above the
I
I
t g R za:
:::rn
~ (/) PROBLEM #4:
i ·~ What is the speed of asynchro4nous

Determine the an
I
surtace of the earth varies inversely
elevat!on for a highw~ e Of iup. 15 the square of its distance from the I~
~ ~ earth's satellite situated 4.5 x 10 km
l ii: for the earth. '
m radius so that there Y_cuive of 183 center of the earth. Find the weight
thrust" for a speed of7~II beno•111e ~ 50 kg. man (measured on the
speed will skiddin . kph. ~~ SIJ(face) at point 100 km above the Q~
If
I
11. a. 11 070.0 kph coefficie nt of frictio 9. ~pend tt h earth surface. Assume the radius of -Iii:E
0~ b. 12 000.0 kph a. 31 .72 mis n is .3? Ole earth to be 6400 km. ..J
J ti c. 11 777.4 kph.. c. 32 m/ b. 36.6711'Js a. 12.67 kg. b. 56.78 kg . Oo
~
.45 s d. 33.7311'Js c. 48.47 kg . d. 25.5 kg. (/)~
Qo d. 12 070.2 kph.
PROBLEM #15 :
~i>
Cf)~ PROBLEM #5:
A _10 kg . _wt is hang on a 4m string. If
PROBL EM#l0 :
f;. space capsule weighs 100 ~ flywheel of radius 10 inches i.s I
I
ll
.,0
LU
I;
!urning at the rate of 900 rpm. How
:__ ___ _________ _______ ______ _\ ~
,t is rotating on a horizontal circle at a kilograms at sea level. It Will be
.,cs
last does a point on the rim travel in
~ constant rate of 0.5 rev/sec., find the orbited around the earth at constli
feet per sec?
~ tension in the string. altitude of 6000 kilometers. Howmi b. 85.7
a. 75.8 :I:Fy = 0 i +
a. 394.8 N b. 384 8 N (hrs) will it take the satellite to mae t:
~wg
s-2 (1) C. 78.5 d. 58.7 CF-W = 0
~~ c. 374.8 N d. 364:8 N one orbit? Assume radius ol ~
CF=W
earth is 4 ,000 miles.
§~ a. 2.456 hrs. b. 3.541 hrs.
~~ C. 3.797 hrs. d. 1.542hrs.
 418
419
v2
tano ,,,_ J
w vi gR T = 98 .1 + 10 ( -196.15
-
4
km(1Qnn...
y,,,90_ ~ _r
~
... gS 1[~1" TCOS 0 T = 588.47 N (answu)
:leoo~.J fs1 l RR"T cos 0
hr 1krn §i ►
SOLVTI ON #7:
v = 25 m/sec ,· -- --·- - ·-- ·· ·- ·---- --- -- --- ,52_::E
25 2 ,o(d : 30ft ffiO
tano ,,,~ R=2.5ft- -- v s - : 15fp9 ;~
oJ: R Rf 2Me (.J
w
s9" IL " 4
~ .
ig
' I! :::,:.•Z:=(~=xra:oss:~J
~
fll~S- R
SOLUTION #4: 1 R:: T ( /4)
----- ....
,----- 101' 2N
ii
e.
I
; ~ a,= 1.044-;c ~ 1min I
·---...\
r•
r• 4()11
394.78 N (answtr)
~ ~ .97 rev/min (answer) t CF--- - - ---- - -:
:··~~'?~.#!~~---
-I (I)
35 SOLVTION #Z:
e!>
\Ji I
I
~3
C!):::::)
UJO
~((~ V1
~i ...
..... ~
S= 8R
~
-~ x:11rev(~ f~ w ~ <.J.
: "' ;__;1 ' ', I
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~
!3 t ev T V=(J)R
=~
~a
aj
:J R
jE g = X/21!< km ➔ Muffip/y by 1000 to
:S Thus:
change km lo meters
i-
~
__ ------------~'.:.._ _ .
15: Cll(2 .5)
Cll = 6 rad/sec (answo)
SOLVTION #8:
~
i50
t
l
~~
i R='l2n1 km(~ ) V= (j)R •. 0 : Cllt
II
w 1lm
~ R =soox/n, meters 1rev ( 2nrad)/ '' T Cll =120 re_v ( 2nrad1 ,,, 24 0n rad
~
r (answer)
~w-- ---_. :__ __:__ v "' ~ \4.s~,o•) mm 1rev. ) min .
en~
::rn :
SOLUTION #3:
~ ~ ft_h_a_t_tl_!~'!-~.n_o_~i:1~ .t~rust .
1w···· ···· ,
v = 11 781 kph
~
•w
-4, CF
0 = ( 240n ra_d 1(15 min.)
min )
aa en
CJ)~
WU
fil: : ---,;,:.::-·---------..... 0 = 3600n rad zo:::
I
a. For minimum velocity: ::rn
i
~o :
s:=Z
""l!i

..J
Q.
I
I
I

, V=V C1111ca1
l V01tta1 = JQR
SOLUTION #9 :
-------------- - ------- - ---·,I ~fil
w ~~
I~ ~
I~~
I
::IE Q.
: v1= ~
I
Q> : I I -~ ~
-~ Prawth I Y1=6.26 m/sec (answer) I
..J :::i , • • •/4L~ ....... . 0~
Oo ~·---···· ··· .... .J I-CF
-ti
w b. maximum tension occur at lowest position
(/) ~ : I

I
I
l:Fy = 0 i +
1l .J:::i.
Oo
:cl :
5';
-e
w
I

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- . . . . .. 1
w = 0 .5
sec 1rev
~(~ )=xrad/sec T-W-CF = 0
T=W + CF I ~ .---R :
I

Cl)~
::c
CL
!
~~
I (I>
W = 10 kg(9.81) =98.1N T= 98.1 + (
98 1 22
· 1( v \-+ equation 1 : ~~
I F, :: 0 + 981)l 4 J w : ~s
:;(/)
5.2 (I)
f!:
~~
CL
CF - Tees 0 = 0 But:
~
I
v/ = v,2 + 2as :
Ii CF= Wt I W
W v2 I
CF I i=
v/ = 6 262 + 2(9.81)(8)
l186Gm)l --- 1hr- - - J---: gzi=
I
g R g R - Tcos0 =0
------ --- ------------- -- ---- ! v/ = 196 .15 m/sec -+ subst. toeqn. 1 :V - - -km
- -:- 72 _ ___
~~
hr 1km 3600 secs
m ~A
 420
421
Solving for y at 5
-•. - V =20 mJsecIS
. so that there
. no side thrust
100
- == 26.78
~ 37
000
krri a,u,~C/e
~~q~ ~~ r-------------, SOL lJTIO N #15:
V=w R
~ ~ ][_!!_] -.
•. •
. /: rr
v2 9.81 g
_,,-· · ··• ...
v =[soo re_v
~
,'
tan8 = gR g = 2.62748 rntsec2 min 60sec 1rev 12" /fl
202 to maintain equitibnu = 78.54 ft/sec ~~
/ ' 12~·- / V
I
l'rJ,
8 = invta n9.81(183] CF= w
. . . ffio
~~
ss· w v2 ..... . ; SOll JTIO N #16 :
8z 8 = 12. --= =w
g R V = 45 m i ~ ~ ~frl
UJ µ=tan♦ = o.3 i= ~
hr 60 min "mi
I[.. ____:::: ______________ _
i:;o
70 QR
V== ✓ ~
i:!; I
;i a
♦ = 16·
that skidd
· ends'
ing ,mp
I
V = 3960 ft/min
~Ill SO 2 V=w R
~i
~ - V V=~
~~
115·1
tan(9+t)= gR ~,:::on
v = 5.71623 krntsec ) I t,111V:: roR
I
V2 but: ~ ~~
II
=:J Ill V 3960 =
~3 (12s s•+1 s.1•) =. __ 1.-_, V = oiR 0~R ffi a
12~ ~.J
(!)::, tan • j
w~ V 5,71623 1/1 V:;.- 2 ft ~~
I-< V= _
Zc., _ __mis
31 .72 Ol= R = = ~ _,,,,..,..; 3960 = W(1 .25)
R1 R2 - ~
~ gi ?~~IITT9~-~!Q:. --- ---- ------ I w = 3960 = 3168 rad 1rev
!z...J t CF
~~➔ V
oi = 0.00 46~ ( ~ )
--== --
1/1 2v, 1.25 min 21t ~3
~:::::,
-- -- -- -- -- -~ ~
I
120 120+ X
l~ l sec 2nrad
oi = 7.3155 x 10-" rev/sec X" 120
w = 504 rpm
~~
"'1/1""' ., distance from axis :
I
25 c., : · 16000 0 = oil SOLlJTION #17:
!~: lw~ · 1 rev= 7.3155 x 10·51
• 120 + X = 240
V=1 2mi ~ ~ ~~
~ s0t..UTION #13 : hr 60 min 1 mi g
-~ ! ·; 14000mi t = 136.591 sec ( ~ ) ---- ------------' v = 1056 ft/min
ffi
~
3600sec s = v1 = 1056(1) = 1056 ft
015 (/) : t = 3.797 hrs. ,, ' '' s = er
111!5(1)
(/)~ :
UJ(.) : . / '
~
,--- --- --- - ----------.....
I
T '. CF
4-Q ➔
. 1056 = 8(3000)
e = 0.352 rad CJ)~
WU
~~ :-·--- ~~-~~:::·~-~------------: z~
I
II
I
I I
., 18
8 = 0.352 rad ( 1too) ::rn
~ ffl
&~
I ''
Principle 1 m, . . ffii . I
; g weight is inversely proporlional to -- y:_ ---- _____:
C r'~]~i\
I
··. I ·T-·=CF = W
I a= 20°10·
~~ square of distance from center of .,~J>-t~ ')· ' I
if
Cl~
earth
4000 mi (
16
· 1km) =6436 km I

...
· ' . ' ··. ~
·~ I
I
I
I
I
I

w _
1g- m
9 R I~
Cl&:
I
Jiu 1mi
'--- ---- - ------ ............ J
I
T= 0.08 (25)2 :J~
Q ~ W2h/ :: w,h,2 0.050 0~
2 F = G m1m 2
Cl) ~ W2(6000 + 6436)2 = 100(6436) T= 1000N Cl)~
z > W2= 26.7837 kg d2
~ !
ii
SOLUTION #14 :
Principle 2 F = 6.67 x 10- 11 {450x10-6J450x10t'
k
~ B acceleration due to gravity is (1oooof W= -
d2
a.. I:!: proportional to the force of F == 1.35x1 0·
25 N
1
~~ gravity (i.e wt. of object) that is : k=wci'· = constant
m
~~
::z:z
I~
w= kg
k=
w
lg=constant
I

w,d, 2 = w d/
50(6400? = W(6400 + 100)
W:: 48.47 kgs.
2
II
I
~
, ' ,. ill
 422
423
PROBLEt.t fl?
1111:1•
A 16 gm : ••
?ti ,12: . . PROBLEM tl6:
cm/sec Whil lllaas ia t1on to A man fired at a metal target which
in an oppos~ a ~ Qrn rn~i 091,t was give~ 1nstruc he hanged by a single string below
They collid le d1rett10ma,,~~ I tl',ai,orer rate weighing
1_10 kg: ~o a
=
~ ~...........
...... ---
~ together. The . head 1'1 at~~~ I ~ nsfer a crneters from to the crate
its ongmal the branch of a tree. The weight of
the target and the bullet are 22 kg >
Ii
~
e1r veI oil , , ,- ~ 50 H tied a rope
and 2 grams, respectively, If the ~ ::E
is:
a. o.14 ~a~~~~·~- ~ition- di~with the ropeThe inclined _25
target was raised 0.12 m when hit by ; ~
i PROBLEM 11: c. 0.07 mts b ,~ ~ pulle he horizontal. _fl~nn_g
the bullet horizontally, with the bullet ~ 0
= force x distance · O.i 1 '"llii 1 • to t nd coefficient of friction Is
8
Ill
Momentum .
direction
b· . PROB LEII ta,
mts
d. O.i 8 "'-', ~ 0ugh ~Ive for the work done in embedded in it, find the velocity of i:fi frl
bullet during/ before hitting the target i= ~
8
~ C:
1~
velocity d. time riv, I o.25- ~e crate 50 meters.
The average h~rs ~~
raise a 150 kg. del>ower r ,u11inQ ~ 231.44 kg-m. a. 1,689.374 m/sec.
~ ~ PROBLEM t2: . a. 3'543.00 kg-m. b. 1,567.234mtsec.
~ It Megawatts is a unit of
~ i5 a. reactive energy a. 0.41 hp Odofol'le s~
20 m. over a Peri l'\Jrn lo aequ•111
b. 1'oo0.35 kg-m.
~-
C. 1453.345 m/sec.
d. none of the choices
~
o
O.e~'~IA.e: 5:612.56 kg-m.
:.I~ b. energy
~ .J c reactive power
C. 0.66 hp
PROB LEM #9:
~-
. l .1211ii osLEM #13: PROBLEM U7: ~3a
§~ d: power A 40 gm rifle b rll •spherical open tank used for
A h:trati on of sulfuric acid (spec_ ific
The dimension of •Acceleration
Mass• is the same as that of
X C!)
~~
~ CJ PROBLEM t3: speed of 300 Uliet _is fired . ~o
to the nm. a. Power b. Length
~ r/J One joule of work is done by force of pendulum of ma:s into a ~ -l &()llvitY = 1.25) is filled up ~~
of 3m, d. Weight
ffi ~ one Newton acting through a from a chord 1 m lo 5 ~9 &usi;..,~ j grathe tank has a radius c. Work
vertical height t ng. Corn,,.~ ~ termine the work
done in ~ :5
a:: CJ distance of: ~ the tank PROBLEM UB:
!t ;£_ a. one foot b. one meter pendulum rises. hrough ~ \ :iojoules(kJ) after pumpin The coefficient of friction for dry ~ ~
d. one inch. a. 29.88 cm \ of all acid to another tank situated on
ig
e~ c. one cm. ~rfa~ s. 5o
~ttorm 3m above the rim of the
c. 28.45 cm· b. 28.89 a. Depends on the composition ...., ~
l
<I)~

lil PROBLEM #4:

ffi Kinetic energy equa:s
~
:c:
o!5 cn

1
a' / 2 mass x velocity2
1
b. / 2 mass x velocity
c. mass x acceleration

PROB LEM #10:

2
· d. 29 42 ~ ~r tank.
Ad 00 gram apple is thr
. Cril.
e ge of a tall b -1 . OWn froni
speed of 20 m/ UI ding With an·~
in kinetic e s. What is the~

.
a 2,860.39 kJ b. 5,674.99 kJ
c: 1,345.74 kJ
PROBLEM #14:
d. 4,214.55 kJ
What kW of pump is to be used to fill
a cylindrical tank with hemispherical

of the materials only.

b. Depends on the materials and
the finish condition of the
surfaces.
c. Depends only on the finish aa
condition of the surfaces.

~
~
rn -J
ffi
~~ d. mass x velocity strikes the nergy of the apPJe W1
nd
a. 100grou at 50 mis? bOttom? Water will be forced thru the d. Does not depend on the ~ ~
:JU PROBLEM #5: c 81 . JO~les b. 180ioiJes bOttom of the tank whose cylindrical materials. :J c3
~ en A 100 kg. of ice is kicked so that it · Jou es d. 210 ioules height is 6m. and diameter of 3m. ~ [fl
51~ will have an initial velocity Jf 1O The bottom of the tank must be filled PROBLEM 119 & 20:
u m/sec. If the coefficient of friction
PROB LEM #11: A mine elevator having a mass of l1!!f ~
In 1.5 hrs. Assum e pump efficiency to
i ~ between the floor (horizontal) and the
CL block of ice is 0.1, find the total

A bullet weighing 50
into a block of wOodg~1 IS fno
pounds on top of h ~ 9~ llJ

.
be 75%.
v0.06833 kW b. 0.5644 kW
800 kg. is ascending with an ~ ~
acceleration of 4 m/sec . The ~ a:
2
d. 0.0876 kW mass of the operator is 70 kg. a.
0 & distance that the block will travel The block move: 4~nzonta1 lalje_ C. 0.5422 kW
Assuming that the operator is O ~
JGi before coming back to rest. . cm. Ttt
PROBLEM #15: standing on a spring scale during :J Iii
I
coe ffi cIent of friction between h
O~ a. 40 m b. 46 m
block and the table is 0.30. 'Mlii Agun is fired horizontally to a 10 kg. ascension. 0~
c. 51 m d. 41 m
Cl)~
the speed of the bullet in kilomet!, block of wood suspended at the end PROBLEM #19: Cl)~
~@ PROBLEM #6: per hour before hitting the lid) of a cord. The block with the bullet ~
What is the scale reading?
he kinetic energy of a 400 lb Assume that the bullet is embdil imbedded in it rises vertically by 10 ~
I
-a~ What 1s t_ a. 99.34 kg . b. 12.145 kg.
~ S automobile which5 Is moving at 44 ft!s. in the block. cm. Mass of bullet is 40 grams. Find c. 98.54 kg. d. 78.45 kg. ~
~
the velocity of the bullet just before it
~ I!: a. 1.21 x 10 ft.lb. a. 1,007 km/hr. hits the block. PROBLEM #20: ~
f.2 r1J
5
b. 2 10 x 10 ft lb b. 1,268 km/hr. a. 453.8 m/sec. What is the tension in the elevator m
I
5
C. 1.6 x 10 ft.lb . c. 2,156.56 km/hr b. 541 .7 m/sec. cable? E
a. 12014.7 N b. 5,098 N ~
§ d. 1.12x105 ft.lb d. 1073.84 km/hr c. 232.B m/sec.
~
w d. 351.4 m/sec. c. 13,098 N d. 56,567.99 N
Q
~ 't..._ ~
 424
425
4
pROBLEM #21 llt 22: KE= 1.20 x 10 ft.lbs (1111swer) •. •·
A bullet weighing 4 grams was
°""''"' '" ..,,
""'"''" ""· C,
of toe st ,Jfl~_---- #'' -------- -----:
, , • o :• -
~
fired from a gun with the barrel the SOLUTION #7:
still make if it~ hen~~I :,oi:,.,-- _.
~ ~
rnI1ec •--•••-•••• • • • ,
measuring 12 cm. long. If the uniform. deee1e,r~~ , ,,- " 10 a I
bullet were fired with a speed of .,1 •• :,
1
I w ..:::-+ : v,'. v,i,' = v :
a. 2 turns b
380
mts, solve for the following: c. 4 turns
d. St 1

11111,,
· 3twrii 1 ' r 'f
:~~ ~
~ ffi 0
:!i~
I
I
/, I
' '~z .
:_~~~~~~~i~-----~-~ ~--j g-~
#2?•~f ice urii, :: ~ ~ ~~ ! ' P/llw,-.. . :
•
Z pROBLEM #21: A 10 kg. M
PROBLE block
8
n,e energy that was given to the
give it an initial veloc 1y"'as ~I~ : W :
. w bullet on leaving the barrel i!; ~
m, v, + m2v2 = m, v,' + rniv2'
aM ca,s, lllo slio, ' O IO •• Ii , ; • • __:
~~ a 435.7 N-m b. 234.5 N-m 16(30) + 4(-50) = 16v + 4v :li o
mg c: 288.8 N-m d. 345.6 N-m floor w1·th coefficient ··•11.•,;, I ,:
on a horii,,.,
between the floor and th .01 ~¾I' ___ .--- ________ _ _ _ _ -
--
v = 14 cm/s or 0.14 mis (1111SWo) i~
It PROBLEM #22: 0.10. Find the total dis~ IC@ eq\i;j l---~g SOLUTION #8: ij ~
~0 n,e average force that acted on the by the ice before corning ~C@lra~ W:
1Q0(9.8 l
1 power= work= [150(9.81)X20m) ~~
~ 3 bullet while it was moving down the a. less than 5 meters ilck to,!!( -: g81 N time 60sec 5
b. between 5 and 10 t m• 0
~~
ffi 5~ barrel
a. 2486.233 N b. 2406.667 N c. 1O meters above meter, J rt ~/ + 2as➔
equa~on 1 power= 490.5 N.m/sec
~i) c. 2132.234 N d 2156.234 N d. none of the above i2 102+ 2as . 'pie .. power = 490.5 watts(
1
hp ) ~
.I ~ 3
!z .J
PROBLEM #23: . .
A general principle In the motion of a
PROBLE M #28:
· d
j o• o'Alembert's Pnnc, ·
BY
F ::: ma I uation 2 power = 0.66____
____ hp
746watts
(atlS!fo) ~g
_.:__ _ ~::, 1 :,
..J
A stone 1s rapped frorn the lap
~o
w:, body can be stated as follows: tower into a pool of water at lhe ~i ~; 100a ➔ eq ~~
!=- -J. (F = force, M = mass, V = velocity, of the tower. The sound rJ.~ • SOLUTION #9:
impact of the stone on the ~ Assuming the bullet was imbedded ~~
1---T---,------------ !II
; ~ /l = change, T = time) 2 F rom: into the pendulum, o
~o a. FT= MV b. FllT = MV surface is heard 5 seconds aner1:
tFY"' O
: N :cl5Cl
dropped. If the velocity of sOl.tid . N- W"' 0
~ffi c. FT= MllV d. FllV=MtiT
340 m/sec, how high is the tawei-. 1 N:::w = 981 N
va=O
j ~ PROBLEM #24: a. 546.9 m. b. 165.98 111. f: µN
,
cl5 rJJ A 45.45 kg block resting on a
en w horizontal· plane_ has a static
d
UJ coefficient of friction of 0.30 and is
Z; acted on by a horizontal force of 9.1
:JU kg. Frictional resistance under the
i ffl above conditions is:

,·~ ~~~.; ; ,
c. 107.57 m. d. 105.45111. f: 0.1 (981)
T ,,..., _ _ _

f::: 98.1 N ➔ subslffute to equation 2

...-,,..~
.9s.1 = 100a
11 - 20 DAMD ADBCA · s::: 50.97 m (answer)
21 _ 28 CBADD CCC

a::: -0.981 m/sec ➔ subs/. to equaffon 1

o=100 + 2(-0.981)s
2
1
:
1:~
I
:
~

Y1 = 300m/S
~~
Y2.•0 Y1'= Y2' =VA
:<-~JS/
. \-~
Before After
'

, Cl)~
:
I
:

!:J~
UJ
~
~g a. 36.36 kg. b. 2.73 kg. .· • • - ~.-.:. - I
ANOTHER SOLUTION : : Impact Impact : ~~
~
""'
~~ c. 1364 kg. d. 9.1 kg. I------- ••-- ------- --------- - Ii~
i ~ PROBLEM #25: ki!lW~~.z1J~J§9':MWi by Work - Energy method
LF • d = im(v/- v,2)
V82 =V/+2a s
O= VA2+ 2 (-9.81)s ➔ equation 1
O?i
-1-
of ..J~ ,
0~ A bullet was fired at the trunk of a Using Law of conseNation
J Iii tree. If the mass of the bullet is 25 SOLUTION #1 : ,,
,fs = 2 100(0- 10 )
2
. .
Oo
Momentum: Cl)~
O::E grams and has a speed of 350 mis By unit analysis _ 50(-1 00) M,V1 + M2V2= M,V, + MN2
II
(/)@ upon hitting the tree, compute for the momentum = mass x velocity s - -- - 0.04 (300) + 5 (0) = 0.04 VA + 5 VA
!l - 98.1
'1 . c, ~verage force that stopped the bullet momentum = kg.m/sec 12 = 5.04 VA
S = 50.97 m (answer)
s: ~ if penetration is 1o cm. Give your our aim is to get kg.mlsec VA= 2.38 mis ➔ substitute to equation 1
~
~ o
~ answer in N. • the unit of force is Newton SOLUTION #6 : O= 2.382 + 2 (-9.81 ) s
~ g a. 10,234.5 N b. 23,456.23 N.
KE = .!_mv 2
s = 0.2889 m
s = 28.89 cm (answer)
a. ~
ffi lfl
~E

c. 13.376.2 N. d. 15,312.5 N .
PROBLEM #26:
The flywheel of a puncher is to be

note : kg.mlsec1 x sec= kg.mlsec

second is a unit of time
2
KE =.!_ 400 (44)2
2 32.2
SOLUTION #10:
/lKE = ½ MV/ - ½ MV/
-11~-
SOLUTION #3 :
8 ~ brought to a complete stop in 8 1 joule = 1 N.m KE= 1.20 X 10
4
~ Q seconds from a speed of 60
 426 .. ..
427
2 2
i.\KE = ½ (0.200) (50
- . 20 )
.~ ~ ~ ~ ? ~ _tit ~: Wor11 = 65 kJ
.... ..
-..
v11-oN -- -- --- --- ------ :
s,.,tr) 1113:
,1KE = 21 0 Joules (on I
1872.26
Total wor11 = 65 +
.26 kJ
SOLVTION #l l : --------- -- , . f. -- -· ~evel of : Total wo rk = 1937
: St for t
I
I
W"'I IOk ~ I . ,.- -"'-=·c,-.~ 3ffl I
~►
J. : I
wor11 )
Ilfw./:~' -1 r-:::::,,.__---1 ffi ~
I
,,
3 9 ( tim e
Power = ~
, ,
~ , , -R =8- m :::z:Z
I ""'
:
I
, ef f
;,: -'·:-' ~§
~ -' 8 I
:
:
I
N::39_76~
~1•
~ ' , '
:
1937.26
-
t"
.i g/Alter lm~~ct
- ~g
Ve= t: Po we r= ~ ➔ equction 1
V1 ' V2 - :
: :.. -<-
'
,·-r~; :-cii;,~~~- -- - -- -- --· 0.75
-,iota~-----
Ii
UJ I
I
' ' ~
0 but from
. ; '11°' ::: wt . of liquid
ii~ :
~i 5 '
:;;I~ i -- R :: result
tan 9: : µ =~ to ffi .
N ·-----. : : : ::: yV
ol O =~ =_ v2 =_v_
r
t2 tr
ii? 5 : f
, tan 9 = 0.25 .25
·., iift : . t1
volume of liquid ~3
~~ :
I
N=89
C!) o ______ ___ ________________ _
__.76 ♦:: 14.040
yliqu1d
I where : Vr = total. C ): l
I I i~ 201bs(~~J = · k~
91
o::: 180o-9
0 :: 10
,·- - -- ~·_96°
-6 50
sG "~
/ rliquid::: y H20 S.m
,liquid= 9810 Ni
G3
(1 .25) Q = V1 = _2
1.5hr
(!x ~)it(1.sf
_~ 3 ~ --
~~
~o
~~
o::: g 50 ms = 0.0
5kg. , ·-
-- I
mus· , 11
=..J
I~
3
) = 89.27 N
~ < g _ ·_ 9 1(9.81( .81 ) = 0.49 N
-- ---
'••.., work=98 10(1.25
3
) l2(4/ 3n( 3) )(3+ \
) a= 4.712389 m /hr ~:)
l:eg
a o We1oc1< : -
·= 0 05 9 , Work= 2.860.39 kJ 0= VT
- 9·27 + 0.4
9 = 89.76 N Ir ~~
g orAL- ~i
Weu11e1
Wr
sOLUTION #1 4: ~s
110k -------- ------ -'
J ergy Principle
H
2
B Worlr En
I
+1t(1 .5) (6)
1 I
_ (i X i }(1.5f
.:c J; x S= /2 m
(I //- V/ ) I I I
1
I I I
·-·----
cam forces of the right positive equation 1 :)
➔
I T01a1-
I
,J 3600se-c)
I I
fild -f(0.45) =1/2(9.15)(0-V
/ )_ I
1r 0111 = 10.Sh.1_ -
,; aa(/)
l!J : : :
I
I
---------------
""'
forces positive
- I
Cl )w
~ ; l:Fy = upward w-1
Y2 = 4.sm:I
,~
- ... ..... ...... . ., ·•..., :
I I
..JU N- W =0 e law: = 37800 sec.
e;
By sm
.
: lrotai
z~
~~
N= W =89.76 N
--==---
110 F
from equation 1 :::i u
ji
~
t =µN =0.3 (89.76
f = 26.93
0 -26.93(0.45m/) se
- [ VA= 1.63

➔
)
s~bst. lo equation 1
= 12 (9.15) (-(VAJ2J
c.

Siny
F:~

sin~
sin100.96° ... ... ...... ... - -
t. . . . . . . ... ......
Work= Force x dis
tance
- - ..... ..... .....
..... ..... .. ..,_ I

193726
Power = 37800
0.75
- ~~
..I ~ but :
F: : 27.18 kg .
Force = wt . of liquid
Power= 0.06833
kW
~ if
g~ VA=Vi'=Vi'= 1.63m
/sec
ation of momentum

W or k= FxS,
Work = 27.18 cos
25° (50 m)
Force = yV
y= density
SOLUTION #1 5 :
-------------- --------
---- -,
: _J ~

Q>-
-~
:t: >- By law of conserv · + mN 2' Work= 1231.67 kg
. m- . Oo
V=volume of liquid :t'ur. ,u.
fui m,v, + m N2= mtV1
: V2 = 0 I
Cl )~
iI takingvelocity lo the righ
t as PDsilive For cylindrical oa rt
:
,, ./ '
II
)+9.1(1 .63) ~(1.5)
2 (6)) (y 2 = 4.5)
it~ o.osv,+9.1(OJ= 0.05(1 .63 Work = 9810 [.26
i 1
[Z V =298 .2 9 ~10(00m
~E V, : 107384 km/hr
sec.
~x ~ )
1hr
Wo rk = 1872 kJ
For the hemispheric
Work=981Q
al part :
-1· . - -
: V~e = 0 VA' Ve ' = Vt
~ t::==i-~ v,
s=o.1
~4,.,, [fin(1.s)3 JY, = ¾(1.s))
ii
----- : Before After
--
g . -- - - - - - : Impact Impact
____ ,
..... ..... .. ... ..,
...... ... ... ... ...
...... ... ... ... ...
l ..... ..... ..... ...
l ~
 428
429
R = reaction of &p . 1, 2
tor the Pendulum S1 = V, 11 + 2 at,
V 2 _ v,2 + 2as I:F = ma (upward ;"''g b11a~ 1
t
v,2
o2= + 2(-9.81)(0.10) R = 70(9 .81) -1- (~)C4!' i)
70 ON #2~~ · ···· ··· · ···· ~• S1 = 0 + /2 (9.81)t,2
V, = 1.4 ,n/sec.
.Ii,~ --- ···~
10 cm--1.
_
1
S1 = /2 (9.81 )1,
2
R = 966.7 N( ~) f;~" I
S1 = 4.9 t,2 ➔ equation 3
I"!' 98
II
r,.&
II
V,V,: =1.4 mis
2
;>o/V9 for =
. - Ve'
o VA - ervation of momentum , R = 98.54 kg, · l,j v,'"~ Yr~ j ( for sound:
v,:
~ ~O:;
% by cons V _ M.- + Me Ve' ,..,c F \\ / I ;(r
I \ s = vt
8
~A~ 1o(O) = 0.040(1.4)
SOU JnoN •20 ,
Since Weight of we· h·If)
/ I S2 = 340 '2 ➔ equation 4
. . lg ,
~, +10(1 .4)
39. VA= 351 .4 mlsec. 9"en }US, °'9' ,q it., ..... ~,'
rF a ma (01><,.,,~
I
----,--,-- -
1
-- - --• Equate equation 3 & equation 4 :
S, = S2
1g
)Ll/TION ~!~: ........ .... . ,
· ··. .
--T···· 0:: v2=

T -(87 0)(9.81):::: 87~s ),) j:',;;or1<ene

T=1 2014 .7N
·

_.---~gy _v/
principle ·
) -rrff-ls/2
Iff s• ,l2
)
2
(0 - (350)2)

4.9t,2 = 340 '2

but:
t, + '2 = 5 ➔ from eqn 1
ii
_ . SOLUTION2 ,_1
KE =\ rnv
... < ,
f(0·1~ ; _5 N '2 = 5 - t, ~3
~
I
C!)::, 1 (!)::,
1 .
UJ ~ : #26 , wO
I / k.U- - , :
KE• 'i2(0ll04)(J8~> thus we have : .........
____
I
..... <II( t t
• 2 z<
~o ' VA v8 =O VA ve'=v, , !D'-l}TI ( 1min ) = / mm 4.9 t, = 340 (5 - t,) -0
KE= 288.8 N.rn
ell) 1: ......
~ • - - - ," /
s=0.1 ,:I
seconds x 60 secs.
2
15
4.9t/ + 34011 - 1700 = 0
~~
~
:
-~♦ V1
SOLUTION #22 :
ffi::,
cz::o
:. Work = tiKE
1 V + at by quadratic formula ffi5
I
~ .J. : Before After , F x S = 288.8 Vi" '+ )it - 340 ± ✓' 2 -_-4(-
34_0_ _)
4.-9x---11_00 =o
=...1
l±<
o=60 rev/m 15in I1 - ---=--~~....:. ...c...-......:. co
e~ i__l~!.a.~. - -1~~~~1.•.•••••••••• J F x (0.12) = 288.8
F = 2406 .667 N 502 +
1~ -4V 2as
2
- 2(4.9)
l ~ for pendulum action
w v/ = v,2 + 2as ·
~ o= v,2 + 2(- 9.81) (O.12)
cl! Cll V1 = 1.5344 mis = V'" = V' e
Cl)~ By law of conservation of
momentum

~
~~: ~ ~';'~_'HJZ3 : ~
Force x Time= MomenllJrn
~ t u r: .. n
t~':.~ ~ ~~!'! !!~~
s= 4 revo
UTION #27 . . .

V2 •
- -. - - - - -
~ SOl.eywork and energ~ equation .

1
2 + 2(-450)s
o• (6O) lutions
V - V,

take the positive value

t, = 4.68383 ➔ substitute to eqn. 3
s, = 4.9(4.68383)2
S1 = 107.5 m
ii
~Cl)
Cl)~
WU MAVA + MeVe = MAV'A + MeV'e
,~
·····, 2
f,
, WU
~ ~ O.OO2VA + 2.2(0) = 0.002 (1.5344) 4Sk : !f xd = m .2~
2 zcr
e:
..J
~~

VA= 1689.374 mlsec

+ 2.2(1 .5344)
SOLUTION #17 :

9,1k :: 0-1O(O.
I 1)(9 ·81)d = 10/2 (0- 102)
: d= 50.97 m .

:Jc}
i if .···········••. J~ the answer is c (.)
By D'Alembert's Principle
F =ma
:EFy = 0 +
.~~~ : .... .... -... . ,
it
§~ weight is in same unit as force
N - W= o
N = W = 45.45 kg I
~~~1"!9~
1
,rsto ne rou nd :
I 0&
-,-.
Q~ SOLUTION #!~ i .... .... .... . ~ f ~ µN = 0.3 (45.45) :· _Jw
J
~,
~c,
~
tT 1
f ~ 13.635 kg.
but f cannot be greaterth1111.1,
i T:ti1 I i I

0~
(/)~
II
:EFx = = 0 +
I
t, S1 = S2
9.1 - f = 0
~~
10 2 f =9. 1 kg I
~ o la=4 mls ......,_,__.,_.....c.-.:,~ ........
1 - -- - -- --- -- - - - -- -----
~~ m ..... - - - - -tions :
II
& Weighin key equa
:Et: I CJ
9 Scale t, + l2 = 5 secs ➔ equation 1
zf-- ,'
W'
•
... I S, =S2 ➔ equation 2
~
l'!=O I lo, stone :
- I ______ ,I
1
.
'
L 2i )
 430
-~\!Utl~·,iO ~ Qf
1
1
:.,sHE:A~tNG St
I,
431
M U~ll~~ ~\ IM~\enll§ .._ ~ ~~Ss
. -- --~
- Area of failure
II :s1~P:E;~s•
force. 1s P11r~11~
I
... I
1 TL
4. RESILIENCE MODULUS
to,~
-
• consider a fish '"'l e--
- JG
- Total energy- : material can absorb
:- -----------~~8_!~ C()~"'~ without undergoing permanent
--------- ... applied torque
I~ I
I
, .----\~---,I r
! [[IB L
=
= length of material
modulus of rigidity or
deformation (equals area of stress ; ~
-i~~-:~~_I~ _e~~~~-1~~~)- ~
,:"I,
I
---:_:,., ,,. = ____ :
Ii
I I ., : , ,.,, , ' ... l\i1h,~ G strt
I
I
shear modulus
= Polar moment of Inertia W
~~ :
I
L J
= I, +Iv =i
· ~~~~It-~" ::
...JC/) J :
: ~a
I
~3 p
=
4
~D for solid shaft l&I
il i~
I <
(.!) :> 32
UJO
1-..J
z<
_(.)
----------------- 4
\ ~~ :
~ :
.
•• / t~
:,- ••c :
l'------------------------- ~l E
jJ
I
3!C/J -------- •~11... I I -~
, ' ,I.
I -J(I)
~ ~3
I I
-:>
:z..J
I
~"""-1
I
I I '.-
LU::)
CZ::(.) y
I
--------------
( Shearing Stress) ~---p--·--,,,.)
I
1
I
" ·' .:.t_• r. , D <!>5
5. TOUGHNESS MODULUS
L.U..J
:::: <
co L on Rivet -~-✓
I
I
I ID T ~g
~~
... 0
R"'-1 • "-
I
I
~~---•------------------ I
- Total energy per unit volume a ~ 3
ffi a
E=~ = P/ A 4\I ◄)
material can absorb (equals area of
Ii stress strain curve up to rupture point). ~ ~
1[ {, 4
y/L
E ( Tensile Stress) "' p J = \D - d for hollow shaft
32
on Plate ,
:--------------- ----------, oo
E = PL p --------------- -- --- s I
,::--.....
II
ca(/) Ay ·- '"'~ Rupture Point
Cl)~
WU
Z"
:rul
Y= -
AE
( Bearing Stress ) "' p
on Plate ~-~
P
o,
:rn
cn S = axial stress t == plate thickness
--------4E
'------------ oe rn
I
~~
~ P = applied force
~ A= cross sectional area of material
E = Modulus of El<isticity (also known

w == plate Width
dnvet == rivet diameter
dhole == rivet hole diameter

------ -- ----- ---- --- -

, Torsional shearing stress
6. MODULUS OF RIGIDITY (or

Cl)~
WO
zcr
:::rn
ffl v,
::; o..· as Young's Modulus) - slope of S= TR SHEAR MODULUS) ~
Cl Ir 3. TORSION J O
I
stress-strain curve within the - birc-N
J Iii proportional limit
~ f°J~~... ~.,.,: ·~ ; ---;yt.l
s
~ a;:
I~
: --- ------- . . ............... =
I
0~ e =strain , shearing stress G : ~1~µ)
R = radius of shaft.
Cl) ~ y = elastic deformation
I T .,..... I
I 01r
~ L • loogth ol material
I
I µ = Poisson's ratio J~
I
I
• Power transmitted by rotating = Ratio of indirect strain to direct O@
I thaft strain Cl)(!)
i
I
~~
I
= Always negative because
~~
I
II
p =T<ll indirect & direct strain are always ~
I
I
(i.e. if one is LU
,!~~
I
P = power in watts. opposite
I
I
I
<ll = angular speed in rad/sec.
compression, the other is S
I
I
I . . . ..1 note : 1 hp = 746 watts . ,loogalioo)
----·---
• Angular twist/deformation:
l. '.F'l
 i 33 fj ,,,. i ·• t " 1
~
.~
432
~ 433
e,. dire,_.
-·· · ··· · ·~
~
~,i- ll'ld·
--· -·· ··· ·-
t ' o lrect 2
Ex"'t-~(~ ()) pA PD(1 mm) F =P A = P~ D
4
□?e ,
E: '\,':l
t r~ 2 "~
0 PD
Ey"' -t_ -~(0
J
PD
~
2
0= -
41 !ii~
u. 't1-¾-) T a::o
~~
i~
,_. -. - -
µ = ;; -

e. -
-·-
Ex

··· - -'
__: :tj ¾-•~
s

oE 61• A" 10 mmJ

, _,,~I 12. STRESS
CYLINDER
IN ELLIPTICAL !!
l±fz
~3
:...::J :----------------------------- i;
..... UJ
E =-
~i e ~
~5 s =i ..
7
..JI /) BULK MODULUS, k E= - 1011gitudinal Stress ~0
~3 . E
r- --T--"'!'~~-~-- -~ --- ------,
I ~~
_,J fl)
(!):: .,
E µ = Poisson's Rau 0 T
wO k -O vo i_
~ ~~
~. .J
fail Ufe 'I I
I- .J
z<) - Evoi - 3(1 - 2µ) S or o = axial stress : , - c•a ofum
Are , I
w o
_ ( - 1rc fere
E = Modulus of : ~. .J
I
I
~e n
,_ ::., Elasticity , DI ,, ,. t :
I ·~-~
z~
-v
o = volumetric stress : ... / .. :
~~
a
:.--u---~------ - ~ ~-, , . ,.,
;z: .J
w::
a::o
J 10. STRE ':
I --
I
evo1 = volumetric stra
in = tN ~. .J
W. J
''------ . : ----- - - - ---
-- - --- - -
ctt<o
V
CY RS IN TH/
2 ,ESS
--L/N ------ : ·------- - - -
Tangential Stress on
Section 1: ffi5
___ ,
~:5 ~
u... -'
,.0 r=PA
~~
II !:.
-
• - . ·-.. . "CO T: P~ D2 Take 1 mm strip:
I
C0NSTf'AINEDMODULUS
lj
1
.\j 'j, · ·- •• , 4
) = 2bP
F =P A= P (1 mm) (2b
:
ouo ➔ <,tiP. l~
I
p I': l I
P .'.: 02 F
:,
I~
~ (/) I
I
: ,--- --. ·• al= -T = 4 T= -
2
Cl) ~ , L - ~, A - nDt
WU I '
,:, .J ,
~~ ~1 -µ) • __ 2bP ca cn
~
D-
T= - =bP
..J U
!~ -
(1+µ)(1- 2µ)
Let - ____
---------••.,: I
-r- :
crl = ~p41
J 2 C/) ~
(.)
,~
w
P = P;n - Pout
T bP
at= A= t[1 mmJ
zcr
~~
thus :
<rt : 2crl
:3u
i ~ 9. TRI-AX/AL STRESS
_,,,,. ~ !! ,ti: Jl !fe~s or Hoop Te11&
1or,
01 is more critical
Oit
- ...
.Jw
. '
o Take 1 mm strip
.
11. STRESS
SHELL
IN SPRERICAL
- a, =~
I
J ~~
~~
: ' ~I,,. . . --..._,.
I 0~
ia!J.tress on Section 2:
(/)~
~~
I
r=F
I
~
Take 1 mm strip:
-~
0&
..JUJ
I
i
~;
eF, 0~
I I
10, • I I----- - --
F ~ - I Cl )~
II
~- I_ I
.........,
:x: ,._
T , Q j,mm
ll..l!: i ,
I
I 35~
~~ F = PA
ii
I
2?--,
ii
F I
F
T= -
--- ---- -- ---- ---- ----- -- -
I
Cl. :~
2
------------
i
--- ---- ---
F = PA = P (1 mm) (2a
) = 2aP
~~
~
9
 434
435
W,ooo Sr ,
____
' A ' I-~
13. FOR
,,.,
~
F --- -, Pendulum
r:: -2 ~•tt, NG
PIPE REIJv•oRc ~ 5pRI _: __________ F :
OPS OR 84asE o ey l~~Ob ----------
--
~
----------
'r◄(
2aP HO
I
• - •- - • ~............_ I
I
r :: 2 ::aP f •, ~ ,I
~
'""\" "Ill ,.,
_ - -,.,.,
--
:
' ~> '
I§
·--- ..
aP
o T
=A= ~1 mm)
' & '
I ' • ,, ,, : ~ . ...... ttiO
3
~
01 S 1 I
· - • ••
I~
1
---------------- I
I I X I
'
aP . S .1" , ,: I II
:
___ __ _
_ •
I--------m!}
S l F W
j~ t tl ' ~l Ii: ,___ F =.. k = -= -=L-
iJ
L-tD
.oII
011 = L
....,w ~ y
~i t
~ 5 Note: Since a > b, 0-12 > 0-11. Thus, o-12
S = spacing of r~i~f;r~o;----,,, ',,,
t
:
f =~ ✓mg/L
i~
~ls
~ is more critical. P = Internal Pressure_ e;nerna1 2n m
3 pressure
F =PA= Pso fi
-J( /)
~3
ffi gLongitUdinal Stress F f= ~
2n VL
C!):::,
wU
~ ~ on elliptical ; Ylinder T= -
I-~
2
,I ,----- -- --- --- - - --- --- --- -~I -,tork done , in spring ~u
~~
, - ...J I T 0
T= -
PSO ,,, ---.- .
g = 9.81 m/s
2
~I/)
0::(:,)
a5::
0
I ~ I.
Area of failure 2 1 2 ~3
Springs in Paralle l LU:>
~~ : IF r Pso
s cr
Work =- kx
2 _ ,, :a"'! -·
=u
UJ. .J
II; ;:'i~ - -- ------- - --
-u I
cr = - = -
"' : -··• ·::· I A n
2- d2
allow ,---------------- I
tt:<
cu
I
I . . ... .
~... J
4 : ~5
Vibration of spring
2Pso ,,;,_,i!,•l
'II
~
~ ~ s a1ow I O k1
ca~
(/) ...J
WU T

T= P11ab
P11ab
Zil:'. OL =- =- - - -
:::::iu A Ja2 +b2

li~m.,,,, , -~
d = diameter of metal hoop
s or~
cranow = allowable stress insteel
reinforcement.
hoops ~
w=angular speed (in rad

W =~
ians/ sec)
J ,_____________________________ ; fild
I ~----
~
~0 0
Z ~
~VJ 211 - - 1 keou1vALENT = k1 + ki I _J (.)
;: II
\Ii~ 2
,~
note: For pipes carrying liquid
§!!(.):
Ii al = Pab
pre ssu re, Pmax ~equency =
ff -
rad
sec
x-
1rev
-
2n rad
,- - - --
Oir , ~" , 0
2
II - --------.J-- Pmax=yh .
ff (rev/sec)

~ ~~
' ~[
I
-ru
_J::E - 2 t h = height of liquid from surta
ceto frequency = - 1 -
211 m 0~
Oo bot tom ---. ..J -1-
_JU J
U)~
::c: l'i;
e;u
y = den sity of liquid
y = S.G liqu id • YHo
S.G = spe cific gravity of liquid
2 ::~o~~: ~ 2nf¥ .J =
k,

IO@ (/) c:,

X ~
_____________________________ Ji§
I
<>e1!j 8',t.:;
wz er
YH2O = density of wat Period of spring in sec/rev
~~
ri.1!:
IB~
= 1 gm/ cc 3
= 1000 kg/ m
3

m:: mas s of attached object

1 1
kEQUIVALENT = ~ +
1
iZ;-
I Q.. ~
~~
::,;l--
e:, = 9810 N/m ::::r; I-
I-
j :.0::
~~ kEOu1vALENT = Spring constan
t of an
~ ~
equivalent single spring l=Q
. , ~ ....
 ....
436 437
15. HELICAL SPRINGS
$21 .,
---- -------- ----------
-
CENTROID
.QF
,y Serri1 Ci PL

v = vertical shear force at section

considered (for maximum values,
see table in section 18)
fv = vertical shearing stress I
II
, y re Mmax =4 A = area of section
V:\-,--)(
C"
~
I '"0,4i4
o.,,~~ p
II -r - 1_ ..
I., .. -1 1 Vmax =2
i ;~ 2 Y(c~Clt)
:
18. HORIZONTAL SHEARING
"-"'r------------------- I!
'
------"
---
ly" !:R• STRESS
D
i~ ,______
i~ ---- --- 8
roL2 -----
Mmax =-8 - 15
~
3 .y
64PR n
~5 y=- - Recia~Qle
...I en
~3
C!) ::> T=~
G<f
( 1+ 0.5) d[Jx .
Ix" ----
12
bQ3 Vmax =2
roL
~3
(!)a
~g
I~
m
/,I
UJ~ Aw,re b . b3
!z<
_o ly " -! M111ax = PL
IIp ·-.... .f
12
~~ G = modulus of rigidity Vmax = P
zw::>
R -- mean .radius = D/2 n e a rbe dz~
h
g
..J s
sectio
ffi o
d = wire diameter JlQle considered
;;t ~ n = number of turns
0
~~
~a:
w

~ T = shearing stress
Aw.re 4
=~d2 flli: h
y ,,_
3
bh
he ,,_
3 lf il *-* *·r
M
max = -
Vmax = roL

roL2
2 ·------------------------------'
t,. = VO
Ii
loc, ~
a.
Ul

D
m=-
d I~ =~

36
roL2
lb
~"'
Mmax = s V = vertical shear force Cl)~
12
(/)~
WU ro~ ' roL
Q = statical moment of area about WU
za::
J
Neutral axis
~ ~ 16. BENDING STRESS IN BEAMS Vmax =2 :::; 0
...JU ~
~ ffl
~~ :

-..,-
~--u------- I C1op
- i:
,y
Circle
4 ,J

a =rAz
A = area above fiber whose horizontal
shearing stress is to be a~
Ii
0
NA 11R
~ u
s:: z :I
:.iil!ii?
I C II m
I
:
I

- X
Ix= ly = -01-
64 4 17. VERTICAL SHEARING
determined.
z = distance of centroid of said area
4
~Q. I
STRESS from neutral axis
31
I 11R ll~
> I
J= - o r -
Oa: I
stress diagra m:
I
2 32
a.n&\Ki,~ ~--:i:
.. ........ .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .... .... ......
.. ......... ... I
J tu : beam section
0~ ------------ -- ------------ --·
I
I.,
U)~ f = Mc _J
Loading :
I
I
I
I

Maximum Horizontal Shearing

Stres
~
s ,.;.x -.:- £~
Ii
Beam :
~~ I Ellipse For Rectangular & Triangular Section
C9
3
~;
118b
M = bending moment l =- 4 I
I
V
x \. = 1.5-
~~ I = moment of inertia about neutral __ ___ __ __ ____ _____________ ___ _J
I
A
Ii
3
~ cn axis (NA) 11a b
~~ f ~ flexural or bending stress ly =-4- V
~ i== c - distance from neutral axis (N.A.) of t. =A
8~ fiber whose stress is to be
~Q determined
 438
I
For Circular Section
~=~* I
Stress on
~
Weta:
t i;:·,

439
• CASE II: When location of cent
roid
, use
I
,1111~
fy .. _p of submerged area ls unknown
A. Integration
-- --------,
r ---------------
II V = maximum vertical shear force
A = cross sectional area of beam
w I = moment of inertia

fy .. ~
0.7Q7SL
To be Slfe:
..
, : ; .--i,ir6- ""0-)~.l'·•~..:W~:f..J«;°~
':scAL 'S LAW

~
.£.~ ~~ l .-,,~.~
\ :; :j ~ I· \ ~
: ,~
-~;1 - ·,;:- ·
fy S fV(111o,,q.,_ r;,,-,-a. ..
IP
19. SPACING OF RIVETS
- )
. pressure is radiated equally in
I d·rections but acts
all
always
; ~rpendicular to boundary surface • F•f dF •fy h.. . J ii
~~
0 RI
S= VQ =
f \'(allo w) D A rivet I
VQ ' specific Gravity( or relative density
) yh = pressure at the centroid of dA 1,
r~ f v(allow) = shearing stress capacity of
rivet . • "

~ '
S.G. =- y
Yf½O
l F = pA= yhA
where:

dF = yh dA
~3
<!):: ,
~o
- ~
CIJ
1
3n = no. of rivets per spacing S area 2
ity of any object or fluid F = total pressure on submerged
::> 1t 2 1=dens h the :i!i:! ~
OA · 1=- d y = density of the liquid into whic
1= S.G x YH20 ~3
~ ~
I~
surface is submerged
~
R ~vet value = f v(allow) x A,1ve1 x n = density of H20
!tliO
=1gm =1000 kg _ ~ h = vertical distance of the centdroidfrom of m ~
~
I
d = rivet diameter
cc m3 - m3 submerged area measure
I I = mon:ient of Inertia of riveted YH,O
the free liquid surface (i.e. liquid
5
r section
Certain Depth surface exposed to atmosphere)
o
~ V = vertical shear Pressure at<•r.,.
I = Moment of inertia of submerge
d I
atJ (I) Q = statistical moment of area
~
p •yh surface about the horizontal
r
~
Cl)~
· wo
above N.A
J centroidal axis (please see table
cies a,
zo:: P = pressure of values of I under Integral en~
y= density of fluid Calculus)
;o 20. WELDED CONNECTION
::i of W 0
h = depth of point considered h = vertical distance of the centroid
~~
~~
~
(/) - """""'"'
,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
!!: : tg ic al section for shear
:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - "I
(Length =Ssin45° =0.707S) PlanlePres
Tota ace on a Sub
Surfsure
merged
differential area (dA) measured
A = area
free erge
thesubm
from of
.
ce
surface
liquidd surfa
.
Iu
..J 0
ff3
~
Ii: : s -.. .,,,..,.,.,,. note: Always take horizontal stnp
~z
0~ : ,-- - --- - - - ---- --- --- ---- ---- --~
-- -- -- ~ -- -- -- -~ I
liquid surface
::;~ : s
Q~ : p , weld
J-i -~~ I
Q~
!I
PROBLEM:
< C -]>! p I
Find the resultant pressure acting
.J ~
Cl)~ :
. : '{__ ~ : ent O o
subrnergeq : on one face of a parabolic segm
.-7()7-S)------- ' h is fl)~
A-= Area of w;l~ j; L(O surface I : with base 4m and altitude y4minwhic
water
inter of pressure :: fully submerged verticall its
~ S = size of weld (density = 9810 N/cu .m) and with
i~ ii
__ ______ _____ ________________
i? L = total length of weld
CASE I: When location of centroid of base horizontal and 1m below
free
submerged areals known:
I~
water surface.
~ F=y hA
I
~ e= -=
Ah
~9
~" . . , C!
 440
SOUJTION:
.r urfa~
------------------------- tane -=! . an orifice
Force Exerted by Moving Fluid
liquid 1Y
l
9
P1-=P.a.+yh1 1,1o~r: ••••••• --
~-@·····
ff/OW ,n •• ----·-;
:
: ----"·'·
on Its Boundary Surface
II :~=~•;;~-·
:
'll '
2,4)h 1m
- P2-=P.a.+yh
~
•• I
For Flat Plate:
II
I I
I
I
I V
I
I
I
-------~
I
note: If the container . : h .----
V_\ F.'~
Liq•·~
I
I • I :
I
I
I
-0 18 an
II :.......................... container, PA: O
, V(0,0) ~
'I' ' '
............. ... ...
I
I •
0 ''
I!
1
1 ~. : Flat Plat ' ,
~ i Consider the equation of the parabola:
' I
oriflce - a small opening ~-------------------------
I! .;=4ay
Substitute point (2,4)
Container acce/erating ,,
~ '-=· -:, .11,.11qlll i there is no head loss F= Qy V Ii
~~ i2=4a (4)
~.i!
~ gThus, the equation of the parabola is:
4a=1 : f::f. ~:;;;;;--'•; V= ✓2gh
g
~~
.I
iu .;=y
I/) :[G Jt~i ~there is head loss,
For Curved Surface:
: ~V 2:
_g
~u
I ~ F= JdF = Jrh dA
5F=
4
'·· · ----------.. •-•• : I
V = Cv.J2gh
'I liquid Je
:
: v,
F.
F
CuMld

:I
:
'
Ii
II ~
I
y [~ -YX2x~y I
, Plate Jet :
He•d Lo•• - decrease in energy (thus, I I
Ii
also decrease in velocity) due to ·--------------------------
F•(9810)(2) c(s-,).v''P, note: If the container is
friction in the opening
container, PA= O an OJieri cv =coefficient of velocity Fx = Qy {V1x - V2x)
g
a0 fil F = 19620 r {sy y3f2 py
4
\/2 - O/scharge , Q
"'.J
WO
J:0 4 Container accelerating dow,,ll'lld
-
Q= Av
"'-~-"··· Fy = Qy (V1y-V2y)
g '°"'
en~
WO
~ g; "
[5y3/2 y5f2 ]Y za:
_.~ F = 19620 T - .t y,O ~,
T =fili Air unc1er ··--·:
Q = C A0 .J2gh
V = + to the right or upward.
V = - to the left or downward
:::rn
54
;~ F = 19620 [ ( )3/2 -~]
:
I: [
1>"1111111 P4 :
i••1ee•-•i: Ao = Area of orifice
I~
.-....-....----..-...---....-. If
~it 1 i I h I
C= flow coefficient BERNOULLI'S ENERGY EQUATION
:11:0.
Q> F = 272064 N
2 2 ···.1-
,__-- -- - ----... ------ ................
I I C= Cc Cv
Cc = coefficient of contraction
~~~"
CI ~
-~
,,
re- :-::-----.__EGt I -
'V/12~ ---- hi. : .J
lil
.J~ 0
owe>
Cl) ~~!~ _
Accelerating Horizontally
P2 = PA +~1-~
Power on pumps I turbines /etc.
ICii:llC.-.;:-'J".,,.·.£).1

P,ly
--
---
~ __
- ~Mt:,, 2
,
I
12g :' Cl)~
............. . - Pi/y
.. z, ' ..
➔ a = acceleration E•Qyh
~ !!
I!
note: If the container is an open ~
! r F=:1-:!~::
DaMTI
container, P A = 0 E = energy or power in watts ·-------------------------------
rt~ ,_____ ___,:,=_ _ _ _
PA 3
0 = discharge in m / sec.
p V2
p y2 = Z2 +J..+_2_+h ~
y = density of liquid z +.J..+_,_ l
I ___ h = head of liquid.
1 hp= 746 watts
1 y 2g y 2g I!!
~
I]
\
442
hL = headless trom point 1 to point 2.
BOYLE'S LAW ✓,
· •
6. EXPANSION DUE TO HEAT
(../)
UOQ.,1-. .. , I_-?
--
- j
.. EGL = energy gradeline
I l l ~·-==-
HGL = hydraulic gradeline. Also called For isothermal condition , TRANSFER ,., .r
..L ,
1 &AW-A
... ,
I~
'.> --
__ the equivalent tree liquid surface. , •Or Q•
••e,. y•aL AT - c
l&I

ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
~ ~~ ------------------~
I Liquid ,1
1 ~
p & P2 = initial & fina1 absoi
pressure of 9as lJte

~ ~f,W!:! '3...,,,.~ .,;:!,-.., ...P'

f rEMPERA TURE UNIT

y = linear expansion
a = coefficient of thermal expansion
L = length of solid material

....
., .
;
.. '
Surface : v, & V 2 :
Initial & fina1 VOlun, t,T = change in temperature
ii~
g ,1'
""'1-L ...---
Displaced
I
:
e of Qa, ~
C
'o11sVERSION
-
OF. -9 oc+320
or :
AV.~V AT
..
le Liquid :
~~
BF
--------------------
I
: - 5
tN = volume change
V = original volume
l
°K= °C + 273°
~g B.F. " 'Ylqoa! V■ 0R = °F + 460° ~ = coefficient of volume expans ion.
7. BOnE'S LAW
- "' B.F. = Buoyant force 2. UNIT!,'.?! HEAT
3 BF. = weight of displaced liquid
1-

OVs= volume of displaced liquid.

~ THEORY OF WEDGE SHIFT:
:Jr"A.'"':_
I- •---- - ---• • •• • ••-•••
BF' Liq,

1Btu= 778 ft. lb. =Hl54 J =0.252 kcal

1- -
J, SPECIFIC HEAT, C
S :06rTI••--:.

When temperature of gas is held

constant (isothermal process),
P1V1 • PJVz
P1 & P2 = initial & final absolute
csu, CH o = 1 Btu / ft-°F
!SJ
YJ:: . 2 pressure of gas
C1c1 = 0.5 V1 & V2= initial & final volume of gas
Ct111m = 0.48 CI/J <O
(/) .J
WO
Zit:

w :
:
:
/ Jl ;
~
i'- I Liquid
4. AMOUNT OF
(w/o
HEAT
change of
-
8. ....,.,,.E'S LAW
CHARL
When pressure is held constant

U,W
wd
za:
:::m
TRANSFERRED
i~ ~--------------------------
:Jo state)
~ :=:...
(isobaric process),
V1 V2 i~
1i ,=;-=,=;
Q11:mCAT
Righting moment = BF'( B) j
.
I m= mass of fluid/liquid
If
Q~ BF ' - Yliquld V~(1•; )uiar wedge
C = specific heat
iff = change in temperature.
T1 & T2 = initial & final absolute
temperature of gas
V, & V2= initial & final volume of gas
9!
..J~
J ~ ': g~
iI"
(/)~
1
0~ BF - y1;qu,d - - yz
2 2
lhlckoessoflriaog,lac wedge

5. HEAT OF FUSION or LA TENT

HEAT
_,., ,.,."
· Amoun t of heat transferred without
-9. IDEAL GAS LAW
,•.~ I !I
Ii!
T1 T2
change in temperature but with change
In state. P1 & P2= initial & final absolute
pressure of gas
For water: T1 & T2= initial & final absolute
heat of fusion = 335 kJ / kg. temperature of gas
Ii
V1 & V2= initial & final volume of gas _
heat of vaporation = 2260 kJ / kg.
~-~Jl";t..
...,:-··
,. ,~-
'.
\
.
.J
.~
,"·-\~ •
.
. .
·~\.'.. . \ . -~~ - ·. ., ;,..,
~
\
444
10. UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTA
'E~

NT
~ ~!!!!,~~f: Lu"'1Nous ~l
O= ~
"~
-'I
l,_!;f.~,f.CTION OF LIGHT
,.... ~ ·; ! J I
II ~ j I ::: 82
~
PV
t of incidence = L of reflection
* '
R= - y' = apparent depth
,---- ----------~
ii
W R = 8~31 M:i°K
PV•nRT j
n = solid angle (steradia }
A = area on surface of s n
r = radius of Sphere Phere \
: -
z/
·,,__ \., //.
', ,'1'
7
z
i
I

y = actual depth
n.;, = index of refraction of air
n1;quid = index of refraction of liqui
d
II
ii
-~
I I
~-------- -- -- ---- -- ------- _:
I
n sample
-~ n = number of moles in a give ~ us EFF1c11:Nc..,
'!.~~~_ N
9. SPHERICAL MIRROR EQUATIO
I! • Defined as the amount
flux a liiJht source radiates Of~riur1
u~ 1. REFRACTION
~ ";1,,·~·
• _Cs>.flYJl~~JIJl>r_____ ________ _
i~ E :: ~q ~ -,,,_,..r.;,,.;.:-,,:1
~~
~
I
Optics -• power input. I
I
, Actual
J \--------n1-----~ :I Object ~o
,. t ' ',,,81
-~
I
1. VELO.,.7.~1!_ OFL/GHT, c Luminous Efficiency I
I
Real
fi
' I
gu 8
c=3 x 10 mis F=~ l •
✓·
\
8,~
ni Image
p = power input of light source.
Ii ---------------- --- --- ~
2. CONSTANT LUMINOUS FLUX,
F 0
I ---- ------ --------
Ii
~ = '!,OTROPIC LIGHT SOURCE l's Law
Snel Concave Mirror
5. ILLUMINATION, E •
j ~ ""'~- :
afS(I)
w
F•4 wl --- --------
I
-. . .....................
n1 V1 • n2 V2
:--- ~\ , -Virtual :
: Actual
f3 du: Isotropic light source - light source that ~ _..___\ / Image ; afSO)
z radiates same fluxes on all directions B 1
also : : Object
.._____ ----.:A~_.::___,,'+-··-·, w..
.. ~ • . .__ I
~
Cllw
I
,
::m
11 Luminous Flux - the amount of
visible \
\
\ : I
I
n, 1ln 81 • n2 tin 82 J IF C
z~
::rn
I ' I
n= index of refraction
s~
ace
~ light that falls on a given surf
' I
Ry\ :
~ (expressed in lumen) I C 0
\
n= -
- ---- -- ------ --- -------.... •••••-•• --- --------
II - -
I
i if
I V
C~
J~
1 Lumen - Amount of luminou
meter radius sphere.

s flux
that falls on 1 square meter of
a 1-
e .. £. .. ~
A R2
J v = velocity of light in the said med
8. APPARENT DEPTH

ium
c =velocity of light in air = 3 x 10 mis
8
I I I
-+ -= -
0 i f
ii
-~
Q►
,..I
~~ the
~...i 'l'"J:,f•• • -':&
I = Luminous Intensity. Define f =focal length =R/2 Oo
brightness of light source.
When 9 =O,
I
!~ --~-I~ --- ------------: I
o = object distance CJ)~
Expressed in units of candela E= R2
,
i = Image distance
II
I
: ' , , 81 I / Apparent positior<
Of object y = object size
II
n,k -..r'""T
Candela - the light emitted
by. a I I
1 ~ I
y'= image size
! ~":i<body at the freezing point of
1: I
~
182\V -W
y'
IY
F = focus
C = center
'=
I
platinum, 1773' C.
I
Ii
I
Actual posttion
of object
-- --- --- ------ ----------------
~ ~
, 446

I I I
f = + R for concave spherical mirror -+-:: _
2 O i f
also :
f =- R for convex spherical error.
2 l=_j
y 0
y' -1
-=-
y 0

note : Ly = magnification

~3
~ iJ 10. LENS MAKER EQUATION

i~ - -·¾=(•-{~·~J I
Ii S
n = index of the refraction of the Len's
material

I
o f = + for converging lens
~ f = - for diverging lens
~ R, & R2 = radii of the two opposite
!£ faces of the lens
oOOO ,------------- ------------- ----- -
II\
VJ~
w I
I
I - - -4-----'~
I
I
I
1
W O ,Actual Real
~~ :object 1 1mage :
..JO:
m: FI·-·-·-·-·
I
~0
-I~
► «
._,
Q. I
-
I

I
I
I
I
Q. I
0

Q~
..J2:
Oo
(/)~ Actual

~~i Objed
Virtual _ __..__ ___,
Image

i
0 :

1 e ,__ ____ -_____ ___o___'__ - - -

i

---------
:
j