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The Hours of Us: The Number of Hours Students
Receive Per Day

For the Fulfillment of the Requirements of

the subject Statistics and Probability 11

Submitted by:

Group 2 Charity STEM

Aviance Ysabelle, Medina

Prince Scout, Aguilar

Ibanez, Benedick
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INTRODUCTION

Sleep is an important aspect when adolescents undergo great changes regarding

their physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development (Jay Summer, 2022).

Morning school schedules definitely shift the quality of sleep students receive. The

researchers noticed that school hours have become too much of a hurdle for the students.

Some schools’ school hours range from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm. That’s nearly half of the day

spent in school. Considering the transportation time students spend going and returning

from school and the amount of school work required, the remaining time for sleep is

lacking. 

An additional reason to why students are lacking sleep is due to exposure from

too much light from phones and other technological devices. Students seem to forget the

importance of sleep and the benefits received when they get a full night of rest.

Sleeping fewer than 7 hours each night on a daily basis might have long-term

health repercussions that impact your whole body (Stephanie Watson, 2021). Study has

shown that the optimal amount of sleep needed for the average teenager is 8-10 hours per

day. Students who usually fall asleep after midnight are forced to get up early if

attendance at school is a priority for them. This means they only have about 5-7 hours of

sleep, or less, to squeeze in at night. It is concerning that a combination of late bedtimes

and early schedule gives students an unhealthy lifestyle with their inconsistent sleeping

schedule. Missing a couple of hours of sleep might not seem to be a big deal, but it can

create noticeable changes over time. The consequences might have a significant impact
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on the student's school performances as well as their attention and memory. Additionally,

the consequences for an individual's mental health might be detrimental.

Conduct of Survey

Bellow is the table of data derived from the researcher’s findings:

Research Question: On average, how many hours of sleep do you get per day?
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COMPUTATION

11 Wisdom

X P(x) X P(x) X² P(x)

2 1 / 27 2 / 27 4 / 27

3 1 / 27 3 / 27 9 / 27

4 2 / 27 8 / 27 32 / 27

5 10 / 27 50 / 27 250 / 27

6 8 / 27 48 / 27 288 / 27

7 5 / 27 35 / 27 245 / 27

Sum: 27 / 27 146 / 27 828 / 27

Mean: 5.41 Summation: 30.67

Variance: 1.40

= 30.67 – 5.41²

= 30.67 – 29.2681

Standard Deviation: 1.11

σ = σ2

= √1.40

= √1.11
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11 Modesty

X P(x) X P(x) X² P(x)

3 1 / 27 3 / 27 9 / 27

4 3 / 27 12 / 27 48 / 27

5 6 / 27 30 / 27 150 / 27

6 8 / 27 48 / 27 288 / 27

7 5 / 27 35 / 27 245 / 27

8 3 / 27 24 / 27 192 / 27

10 1 / 27 10 / 27 100 / 27

Sum: 27 / 27 162 / 27 1032 / 27

Mean: 6 Summation: 38.22

Variance: 2.22

= 38.22 – 6²

= 38.22 - 36

Standard Deviation: 1.49

σ = σ2

= √ 2.2

=√ 1.49
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FINDINGS

1. Compare the Means of the two groups. What does it mean?

In statistics, the mean in the computation process is the most common value in a

collection of numbers that summarizes the entire data in a singular number. We think of it

as the average value in a small sample of respondents. In research, we use that number to

summarize a whole population from a small sample. 

In this case, the mean summarizes the average hours of sleep the two groups

acquire in a day. This is fairly accurate, meaning that most Maryhill College students

indeed struggle from lack of sleep. Looking at the data collected from 11 Modesty, we

can conclude that the average student in Modesty sleeps for an average of 6 hours a day.

This is evident because most students sleep about 6 hours a day, based on the data from

the survey alone. 

In 11 Wisdom, the survey and computation figured out that most of the students

in the section sleep for about 5.41 hours per day. This is fairly accurate, meaning that

most Maryhill College students indeed struggle from lack of sleep. This is evident

because most students answered 5 to 6 hours. In conclusion, the students in 11 Wisdom

sleep less than the students in 11 Modesty. Both of the following groups are observed to

be having less sleep than recommended.

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2. Compare the standard deviations of the two groups. What does it mean?

In statistics, the standard deviation tells us how distant the data are from each

others in terms of values. A higher value of standard deviation means that the value are

further away from each others. Likewise, 4 is further away from 7, which is the mean,

then 5, which is closer to the mean. Presumably, the value 5 should have a lower standard

deviation than 4.

Based on the gathered results from 11 Modesty, the survey shows that most

students are concentrated in 5 to 7 hours of sleep, which is why the standard deviation is

as low as 1.49. This is surely supposed to be unsurprisingly since in the table, most of the

student’s answers are closely related in the 5 to 7 hours range. Thus, as expected, the

answer should have a lower standard deviation.

Regarding 11 Wisdom, most of the students sleep for about 5 to 6 hours a day.

Hence, why the standard deviation value is as low as 1.11 because most of the students

answered anything closer to 5 to 6 hours of sleep. It seems to have a lower standard

deviation compared to the data from 11 Modesty. That is because the students’ answers

are centered in the 5 to 6 hours ranges, therefore having an expected lower standard

deviation value of 1.11.

Because 11 Modesty has a higher value of standard deviation, the students’

answers are more dispersed than the students in 11 Wisdom.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and related studies on the

amount of sleep an average teenager receives. 

Through the development of adolescence, Sleep is an important factor for teens to

thrive in everyday life. Allowing systems in the body to recharge and improve

performance and health in both physical and mental ways. Also helping with brain

development of all ages and balancing hormones and improving metabolism. However,

adolescents do not get enough sleep due to being busy on academic activities and having

screen time at night ruining their sleep. For the reason having an average of 10 or more

hours of school and leaving school to do academic responsibilities at home that affects

the students sleeping schedule. Due disturbance of sleep and its effect on a students

sleeping schedule can result in exhaustion, indecisiveness, mood swings, a negative effect

on health and can deteriorate a students learning experience. High schoolers spend about

2.7 hours doing homework per weeknight (Washington Post, 2018). Sleep being a part of

the circadian rhythms serves an important role in metabolic functions and the lack of

sleep can lead to health problems. It is said that teenagers from age 13-18 years old are

recommended 8-10 hours of sleep meanwhile, young adults are recommended 7-9 hours

of sleep for the brain to undergo cognitive, physical and emotional development. Losing

sleep can cause a serious impact on academic performance and health. 

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A study was conducted with 30 participants. The participants were grouped into

the following 5 groups based on sleep time: less than 5 hours, 6 to 6.9  hours, 7 to 7.9

hours, 8 to 8.9 hours and 9 or more hours of sleep. The study revealed that the group that

slept for less than 5 hours were 78.822% more productive. The group that slept for 6-6.9

hours had a productivity level of 73.250%. 7-7.9 hours of sleep had a 72.919%, the group

that slept for 8-8.9 hours had a productivity level of 78.240% and the group that slept for

9 hours and above had the highest productivity level of 84.967%. A study on sleep

deprivation was conducted on 13 healthy men. The men were given a full 24 hours of

sleeplessness, measuring their Hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR) and hypercapnic

ventilatory responsesor (HCVR). Hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR) basically means

an increase in breathing that occurs when you're not getting enough oxygen. Hypercapnic

ventilatory responsesor (HCVR) basically is when a person is not getting enough oxygen.

After the 24 hours periood, the hypoxic response decreased 29% compared to before

conducting the tests and hypercapnic ventilatory responses had a decrease of 24%. In a

study done by Daniela, T., Alessandro, C., Giuseppe, C., Fabio, M., Cristina, M., Luigi,

D. G., & Michele, F. (2010), a total of 40 university students were tested with the same

approach, not sleeping for a day and seeing how much emotional stimuli and changes

occurred. One hundred and eighty pictures were shown to them categorized through the

picture being pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant. The participants were asked to judge their

emotional reactions as they see the pictures, once before sleeplessness and once more

after sleeplessness. After the tests, the participants showed no changes to their emotional

reactions when it came to the pleasant and unpleasant pictures. But when it came down to
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the neutral pictures, participants showed a more negative reaction when they saw the

picture. 

The study above shows that lack of sleep will cause harm to both respiratory and

cognitive thinking. The findings suggest that sleep has a role in modulating emotional

appraisal and even respiratory health. There are hundreds more studies about the effects

of sleep deprivation and surely more things to worry about.

INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS

Benedick: If this is what being a data analyst is, then count me out. Joking aside, this activity

really gave me a graph of how researchers gather their data and summarize their findings with

numbers. There was this moment where I took a good look at the computation and briefly sighed,

“Ohh, so that’s how they do it.” That’s what the means, deviations, and variance in every

quantitative research mean. Another takeaway, is that I gained new information because, well,

research is research. When you find some, you learn some. This “research” made me cautions

about my sleeping schedule. I say that as I write this paper at 1 am.

Aviance: One of the toughest parts in research is data collection for the reason that I am not good

with handling people and seeing that we have to do quantitative research makes me light-headed.

The activity was fun to do as my favorite part was computing the variance and standard deviation,

its means and summation of the table whereas, my least favorite part was finding related literature

and other written works. This gave me a hindsight of what us researchers will do in the future

with our collected data and seeing that we would have to compute more numbers would be a

headache but the experience might surely be exciting.

Prince: This task taught me how information is gathered by researchers and how questions are

answered by respondents. This task has been enjoyable. Some of my batchmates and I have

interacted. I learned from this task that acquiring data is time-consuming and not all that simple.
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You must give the task of obtaining data your whole attention and time in order to complete it

quickly. This activity has a number of difficulties, including computing, locating relevant

research, and data collection.

REFERENCES
(Mitru G, Millrod D.L , Mateika, J.H, 1999)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C_GBCWQFUm8RybNi1BuJczIk9GSOwKKE/view

(Ron C Anafi, Matthew S Kayser, David M Raizen)

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/teens-and-sleep/how-much-sleep-does-a-teenager-

need

(Alexander A. Borbély, Irene Tobler, Mehmet Hanagasioglu) 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0166432884901864

(DP White, NJ Douglas, CK Pickett, CW Zwillich, JV Weil)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6418047/

(Daniela, T., Alessandro, C., Giuseppe, C., Fabio, M., Cristina, M., Luigi, D. G., &

Michele, F. 2010).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S036192301000033X

(Synder, S.L 2003) The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Individual Productivity

https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1225&context=etd
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DOCUMENTATION
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Computation and Physical Proofs
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