1.

(i)Did – dummy auxiliary, he – nominative general personal pronoun, answer – verb

you – nominative general personal pronoun, directly – circumstantial adverb

(ii)James – proper noun, flew – verb, to – preposition, Greece – proper noun, last –
adjective, Wednesday – proper noun

(iii)It – nominative general personal pronoun, was – aspectual auxiliary, a –

determinative, sunny – adjective, day – countable common noun, in – preposition,
Balamory – proper noun.

(iv)Sadly – circumstantial adverb, we – nominative general personal pronoun, had –

verb, problems – countable common noun, when – adjunctiser(conjunction) we –
nominative general personal pronoun, arrived – verb.

(v)Why – adverb did – dummy auxiliary you – nominative general personal pronoun,
say – verb, that – demonstrative pronoun.

2. (i) “Did your book arrive yesterday?”

“Book” in this sentence is used as a noun, because of “your.” “Your” is a dependent form
of a possessive personal pronoun which occurs before nouns. Since “book” comes after
this, it is a noun.

(ii) “Did you book that flight yesterday?”

“Book” in this sentence has to be a verb, since “did” is an auxiliary verb, a helping verb,
which must accompany a main verb. In this case, “book” will function as the main verb.

3. (i) True

(ii) False

(iii) False

(iv) False

(v) True

(vi) False

4. “Darksome” is an adjective, because it is placed between a determinative and noun. Also,

the suffix “some” is usually attached to adjectives.

“Coop” and “comb” are nouns, because prepositions are usually followed by objects and
objects are nouns.

“Flutes” has to be a verb. This is because a sentence should have a subject and
predicator, and since the subject here is “the fleece of his foam,” “flutes” has to be a verb.

“Twindles” is a verb. A defining characteristic of coordinating conjunctions, such as and is

that they link units of equal syntactic quality. So, since “turns” is a verb, “twindles” that
 comes after the conjunction “and” has to be a verb also.

“Fell-frowning” is an adjective, because with “pitchblack,” it is modified by “so,” which is

an adverb.

“Degged” is a verb, because of the “ed” inflection it has.

“Braes” is a noun, because it comes after a determinative “the.”

“Flitches” is a noun. This is because generally nouns come before the preposition “of.”

“Beadbonny” is an adjective. This is because it is placed between a determinative “the”

and noun “ash.” Generally, an attributive adjective precedes the noun in a noun phrase.

6. Numerals and ordinals in all the given sentences except sentence ii are used as nouns.
The ordinal used in sentence ii is an adjective. Looking at this, I believe the word class of
numerals and ordinals depend on the placement of those words. For example, if an
ordinal comes before a noun as in sentence ii, then the word class of it becomes an
adjective.

7. This question is not possible to answer, because English sentences can be expanded
infinitely. For instance, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases, adjuncts, etc. have a
stackable feature, which means a sentence could go on perpetually.

11. Normally, adjectives are gradable, which means they can be preceded by degree adverbs,
such as very, extremely, and less. However, there are exceptions. One of the exceptions is
that when an adjective denotes material, degree adverbs cannot be attached. This being
the case, since ‘floor’ is material, the first sentence is incorrect. One the other hand since
‘performance’ is not material, the degree adverb, ‘very’ can be used.