Steel Joist Floor Systems

Best Practices
APRIL 20, 2016

Copyright © 2016 Steel Joist Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Presented by:
Michael A. West, P.E., F.ASCE
David Samuelson, P.E.
Learning Objectives
•  Identify Codes and Standards providing requirements and guidance for
selecting joists and Joist Girders for steel joist supported floor systems.

•  Review of where standard joists, constant shear joists (KCS joists),

“Special Joists” for supporting non-uniform and concentrated loads, or CJ-
Series Composite Joists may be advantageous.

•  Discuss SJI publications that are available to assist the Structural Engineer
to design steel joist floor systems for serviceability, for selecting
appropriate UL fire resistance ratings, and for adapting joists for future
building uses.

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Learning Objectives
•  Demonstrate SJI’s future Floor Bay Analysis tool showing how this tool can
optimize the layout and select optimal depths for non-composite K-Series,
LH-Series, and DLH–Series joists and Joist Girders as well as CJ-Series
composite joists.

•  Learn how the recent incorporation of SJI’s Virtual Joist Girder tables
within RAM Structural System, RISA, and SCIA Engineer facilitates the
selection of Joist Girders within lateral load resisting frames.

•  Learn how SJI’s new Virtual Joist tables can yield a reasonable
approximate joist effective moment of inertia and weight for joists with non-
uniform loading, concentrated loads of varying magnitude, and / or
externally applied local moments.

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Successfully Using Steel Joists in
Floor Construction
A TO O L K I T

Copyright © 2016 Steel Joist Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Presented by Michael A. West, P.E., F.ASCE

 Outline

Loads and Resistance

Non-composite vs. Composite v. KCS-Series Joists
Deck
Lateral Load Resisting Frames w/ joists and JG
Serviceability
Deflection
Vibration
Fire Resistance
Accommodating M-E-P
Adaptability – modifying joists & Joist Girders

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Loads IBC Table 1607.1
TABLE 1607.1
MINIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LIVE , LO AND
MINIMUM CONCENTRATED LOADS LIVE LOADS
CONCENTRATED
OCCUPANCY OR USE UNIFORM (psf)
(pounds)
22. Office buildings
Corridors above first floor 80 2,000
Files and computer rooms Based on occupancy Based on occupancy
Lobbies and 1st flr. corridors 100 2,000
Offices 50 2,000
27. Schools
Classrooms 40 1,000
Corridors above first floor 80 1,000
First floor corridors 100 1,000

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IBC 1607.4 Concentrated LL

Distributed over an area 2 ½ feet by 2 ½

feet:
2000/(2.5)2 = 320 psf
1000/(2.5)2 = 160 psf

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43RD Edition Catalog

Standard
Specifications, 43rd
Edition
K-Series
LH-Series
DLH-Series
Joist Girders
Load and Weight
Tables
SJI Code of Standard
Practice
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Composite Steel Joist Catalog
Standard
Specifications for
Composite Steel
Joists, First Edition
CJ-Series
How to specify and
more

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Composite Steel Joist Catalog

Standard Specifications
Responsibility of the Specifying
Professional
Design Guides
Examples
Code of Standard Practice for Composite
Steel Joists
-Composite Joist Floor Design Parameters
Check List

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Designating CJ-Series Joists

30CJ 2188/1168/420
30 is the joist depth
2188 is the “Total Factored Composite
Design Load”
1168 is the “Total Factored Composite
Live Load”
420 is the “Total Factored Composite
Dead Load”
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Steel Decks in Floor Construction

Form decks vs. Composite decks

Profiles (and thicknesses) (Gage numbers)
1” Form Deck (0.017”-0.04”) (26-20)
1-1/2” Form Deck (0.023”-0.04”) (24-20)
2” Form Deck (0.023”-0.04”) (24-20)
1-1/2” Composite Deck (0.03”-0.06”) (22-16)
1-1/2” Comp. Deck Inverted (0.03”-0.06”) (″)
2” Composite Deck (0.03”-0.06”) (22-16)
3” Composite Deck (0.03”-0.06”) (22-16)

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Framing Layout – A Function of

Loads and required resistance

Slab thickness &
deck profile &
joist spacing &
joist depth &
structure depth &
story height
The combinations are nearly infinite! Stay
tuned for SJI’s Floor Bay Analysis Tools
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AISC Design Guide No. 3
Serviceability Design
Considerations for
Steel Buildings

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IBC – 2015 & AISC Design Guide 3

IBC Table 1604.3

Construction Live Snow/Wind Dead + Live*

Floor Members L / 360 - L / 240

* For steel structural members, the dead load shall be taken as zero.

AISC Design Guide 3

Non-composite, “across the bay”
Span/360, max. 1 inch for dead load
Span/360, max. 1 inch for 50% live load

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SJI Technical Digest No. 5
Vibration of Steel
Joist – Concrete
Slab Floors

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Acceptance Criteria – Walking (3-9 Hz)

Peak Tolerance
acceleration acceleration
ratio ratio

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Vibration – Walking Excitation
Table 1.2 - TD 5 (DG 11)
Recommended Live Loads for Vibration Analysis
Activity Recommended Live Load (psf)

Walking – Paper Office 11

Walking – Electronic Office 6 – 8
Walking – Residence 6
Walking – Assembly Area 0
Walking – Shopping Mall 0
Dancing 12.5
Lively Concert 31
Sports Event 31
Rhythmic Activities 4.2

(For use in determining natural frequency)

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Damping, β

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Vibration – Walking Excitation

Table 3.1
Recommended Tolerance Accelerating
Limits
Tolerance Acceleration Limit
Occupancy
(ao/g)x100%

Offices, Residences 0.5 – 0.55%

Assembly Areas, Worship,
0.5 – 0.55%
Schools
Shopping Malls 1.5%

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AISC Design Guide No. 11
Floor Vibrations – Due
to Human Activity

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Fire-proofed vs. Unprotected

A required class of construction is a

function of
Occupancy, and
Height and area

Fire rated construction can be achieved

in joist/Joist Girder construction, but it’s
costly and makes M-E-P installation and
maintenance more difficult

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Construction Classification

IBC, Chapter 6 and Table 601

Type II, B – Noncombustible materials
Type II, B – Fire-Resistance Ratings
Primary structural frame – 0 (zero)
Floor construction and associated secondary
members – 0 (zero)

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Height and Area Limits

IBC, Chapter 5 and Table 503 for Type II, B

Maximum height – 55-feet
Assembly (A-1 through A-5)
Stories – 2 (unlimited for A-5)
Area – 8,500 to 9,500 sq.ft. (unlimited for A-5),
per story
Business (B)
Stories – 3
Area – 23,000 sq.ft.

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Height and Area Limits, cont.

IBC, Chapter 5 and Table 503 for Type II, B

Educational (E)
Stories – 2
Area – 14,500 sq.ft.
Factory (F-1 and F-2)
Stories – 2 for F-1 and 3 for F-2
Area – 15,500 sq.ft. for F-1 and
23,000 sq.ft. for F-2

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Height and Area Limits, cont.

IBC, Chapter 5 and Table 503 for Type II, B

Mercantile (M)
Stories – 2
Area – 12,500 sq.ft.
Residential (R-1 and R-2), not incl. R-3 and
R-4
Stories – 4 for R-1 and R-2
Area – 16,000 sq.ft. for R-1 and R-2

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SJI Technical Digest No. 10
Design of Fire-
Resistive
Assemblies with
Steel Joists

Floors and Roofs

Membrane and Spray-
Applied Fire Resistive
Materials

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 SJI Technical Digest No. 10
Appendix Tables for Floors and Roofs w/ UL Design Numbers

Group D – Concrete and Steel Floor Units

Group G – Concrete and Steel Joists

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UL Design G501

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AISC Design Guide No. 19
Fire Resistance of
Structural Steel
Framing

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Accommodation of M-E-P
Under the framing:
Simpler
Probably increases story height
Need to consider structure depth vs. story ht.
Through the framing:
Requires greater attention to structure/M-E-P
co-ordination, including turning the corner
May limit duct sizes
Joists as deep as possible
X-bridging provisions (TD 2)
And a hybrid (of course)
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SJI Technical Digest No. 12
Evaluation and
Modification of Open
Web Steel Joists and
Joist Girders

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Modification of Joists and Joist Girders

Modify to increase load capacity

Modify for new concentrated loads
Modify to shorten at headered openings

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SJI Technical Digest No. 11
Design of Lateral Load
Resisting Frames
Using Steel Joists and
Joist Girders

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 In Conclusion - Consider

Loads and Resistance

Serviceability
Deflection
Vibration
Fire Resistance
Accommodation of M-E-P
Adaptability
And using the SJI Floor Bay Analysis Tools

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SJI Floor Design Tools

Copyright © 2016 Steel Joist Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Presented by David Samuelson, P.E.

 SJI Floor Design Tools

SJI Floor Bay Analysis Tool

SJI Virtual Joist Tables

SJI Virtual Joist Girder Tables

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SJI Floor Bay Analysis Tool

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Joist Spans

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Joist Girder Spans

40
Noncomposite or Composite

41
Standard K, LH, & DLH
or Load / Load Joist

42
Loads, Deck & Concrete Criteria

43
Steel Deck Options

2 – 18 Gage
3 – 22 Gage
3 – 20 Gage
3 – 18 Gage
9/16 Form – 28 Gage
9/16 Form – 26 Gage
9/16 Form – 24 Gage
9/16 Form – 22 Gage
1 Form – 26 Gage
1 Form – 24 Gage
1 Form – 22 Gage
1 Form – 20 Gage
1.5 Form – 22 Gage
1.5 Form – 20 Gage
1.5 Form – 18 Gage

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Min. & Max. Joist / Joist Girder Depths,
Deflection Criteria and
Minimize X-Bridging

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Deck, Concrete & Joist Summary

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Bridging & Joist Girder Summary

47
Estimated and Actual Joist /
Joist Girder Weights

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User Defined Cost Data

49
Final Design

50
Design Run Comparisons

51
Run Data copied to Run Comparison

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Composite Joist Comparison

53
Joist Depth must be entered for
Composite Joists

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Composite Joist Design

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Copy Composite Joist Design to Run
Comparison Table

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Total Cost, $/sf for Noncomposite vs.
Composite Joist Design

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 Future Release of SJI Floor Bay
Analysis Tool – May, 2016
https://steeljoist.org/product-category/design-tools/

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Classic Roof and Floor Framing Programs

“Standard” SJI joists only managed as

simple-span infill joists supporting
vertical gravity loads.

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 SJI’s Virtual Joist and Virtual Joist
Girder Load Tables
Standard programs such as RAM
Structural System, RISAFLOOR, SCIA,
etc. do an excellent job of selecting
“Standard” SJI joists.

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Standard Joists Selected Based on
Span and Uniform Loading
RAM Structural System Partial Framing Plan

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Classic Roof and Floor Framing Programs

“Standard” joist
designations and
definition do not
address
concentrated loads,
end moments,
negative moments
or axial loads.

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Steel Joist \ Joist Girder Stiffness not
Included in Structural Model

Quote from STAAD-PRO Technical Reference Manual

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 What are Virtual Joist / Virtual Joist
Girder Tables
Virtual Joists and Virtual Joist Girders are a set of
pseudo section properties based on commonly available
joist chord pairs.
The major axis moment of inertia (Ixx) is based directly on
a pair of double angle joist chords and pre-adjusted for
approximate deflection contribution from web strain.
Allows joists and Joist Girders to be checked for flexure,
shear, axial, and combined forces by treating them as
doubly symmetric I –shaped beam sections.
Can be inserted into stiffness based structural analysis
programs such as RAM, RISAFLOOR, SCIA, etc.

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 What are Virtual Joist / Virtual Joist
Girder Tables
Virtual joist and Virtual Joist Girder
tables allow joist member stiffness to be
accounted for in the overall building
model.

Once the building model is completed,

standard SJI joist and Joist Girder
designations are called out on the plans.

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SDSM&T Comparison Study of
VJ and VJG Tables

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 Joist Girder Frame Model

24 @ 5'-0" = 120'-0"

P P P

5 6 7
G3 G4 G3
P : DL = 2.4 kips
WIND = 1000 plf

WIND = 1000 plf

LL = 4.0 kips
TL = 6.4 kips
23'-6" 1 2 WL = 7.0 kips 3 4

FRAME MODEL @ GRID LINE B & E

VJ / VJG Tables permit easy determination of

required effective Ixx for joist /Joist Girders in the
structural model.
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 Virtual Joist Girder
Reporting Loads

Note: Please contact the Project Structural Engineer of Record if the

final effective Joist Girder Moment of Inertia (Ixx) varies from the
tabulated target value by more than 10%.

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Virtual Joist / Virtual Joist Girders

SCIA Screen Shot

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Joist and Girder Designations
displayed in VJG Format
RAM Steel Partial Framing Plan

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RISAFLOOR – Draw Virtual Joist Girders

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Virtual Joist Girder

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RISAFLOOR- Draw Virtual Joists

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Virtual Joists

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RISAFLOOR

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RISAFLOOR Weight Takeoff

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RISAFLOOR – VJ / VJG
Moment of Inertia

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RISAFLOOR – VJ / VJG
Moment of Inertia

Min Izz effective = 134 in4

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SCIA Virtual Joist Designation

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SCIA Special Joist Designation

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SCIA VJG Designation

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How should a Virtual Joist or Virtual
Joist Girder be Specified on the
Structural Drawings?
It is important to specify all joists and Joist Girders
using conventional SJI designation nomenclature.

ASD 28K7 Joist

185/100 Uniform Load (PLF)

50’ Span
Standard Joist Designation
ASD 28 K 7
Allowable Joist Depth Joist Chord
Strength in inches Series Size
Design
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How should a Virtual Joist or Virtual
Joist Girder be Specified on the
Structural Drawings?
Joist Space
11.9K 11.9K 11.9K 11.9K 11.9K 11.9K 11.9K

Joist Girder Span (C.L. of column to C.L. of column)

Standard Joist Girder Designation
ASD 44G 8N 11.9K
Allowable Depth of Number Load in Kips
Strength Girder in of Joist at Each Panel
Design inches Spaces Point

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SCIA – Standard SJI Joist
Designations Shown on Structure
Labels in Structure

84
 Conclusions
SJI’s Virtual Joists permit the determination of joist
weight and effective Ixx for complex load cases.

Recent incorporation of SJI’s Virtual Joist Girder

Tables within RAM Structural System, RISAFLOOR,
and SCIA Engineer allows one to readily determine
Joist Girder weights and effective moments of inertia
in a lateral load resisting frame.

Utilizing SJI’s Virtual Joist / Virtual Joist Girder

Tables, one can now determine the estimated weight
and cost for complex loaded “Special” joists and
non-symmetrically loaded Joist Girders.
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 Conclusions
SJI’s Floor Bay Analysis Tool facilitates the
calculation of estimated total floor costs for K,
LH, DLH and CJ-Series composite joists.

Current codes, specifications, design

guides, and design tools make the design of
joists and Joist Girders more efficient than
ever before.

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 Future SJI Webinars on VJ / VJG Tables

https://steeljoist.org/product-category/webinars/

May 18, 2016 RAM Structural System

June 1, 2016 SCIA Engineer
June 15, 2016 RISAFLOOR

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 THANK YOU

Copyright © 2016 Steel Joist Institute. All Rights Reserved.

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