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(Problem/challen description solution vocabulary vocabulary
ge) (10-20 words) (governance) (words,
(10 frequently phrases)
used words commonly
per each topic) used to talk
about the
challenges
Pandemics Diseases that spread The governance of Virulent Diagnostic tests
over a whole pandemics typically vaccine mortality
country or the whole involves mutation lethality
world. collaboration level of hospital to resist illness
between the WHO, burden prevalence
ministries of health to control outbreaks disruptive effect
and public health to eradicate disease
institutions. antibiotics
Population must do to spread across
their own risk smth
assessment and hygiene
management – health facilities
protecting pulmonary disease
themselves incubation period
and protecting for…
others as they do for
other infectious
diseases.
Government must
robust and resilient
health facilities to
respond to the surge
of patients caused
by a pandemic.
Ecological collapse A situation where an A number of Ecosystem diminishing water
ecosystem suffers a international biodiversity resources
drastic, possibly institutions oversee climate impact unintended
permanent, monitoring, intervention ecological
reduction in assessment, and livelihood effects
carrying capacity for reporting on flung areas consumption
all organisms, often problem habitability patterns
resulting in mass identification and reduce pollution
extinction. implementation; global ecological
they set standards, risk
policies, and laws; migratory species
and they support the endangered species
development of desertification
institutional capacity
to address existing
and emerging
problems at the
national level.
Artificial Intelligence A branch of Some non- human extinction exacerbated
computer science governmental surpass inequality
concerned with groups, like AI narrow AI social impact
building machines Now, have been programmers smth gets
capable of tracking problems minimise mindless automated
performing tasks that are already tasks
that typically require cropping up with algorithm
human intelligence. AI, including user
bias, racism, ubiquitous
discrimination, become akin to
violations of human technological
 rights, job loss and breakthrough
more. Other groups neural network
have focused on
emphasising and
supporting AI
developed for good.
Asteroid impact The assessment of The International Asteroid effects on a global
the risk presented by Asteroid Warning near-Earth objects scale
an NEO is related to Network (IAWN) (NEOs) disrupting human
the probability of and the Space potential to destroy civilization
impact with Earth, Mission Planning city-sized areas continental
the size and Advisory Group hazardous devastation
composition of the (SMPAG) provide observational
asteroid, and where mechanisms at the assessment program
on Earth the impact global level to orbit
occurs. address the global spacecraft
challenge posed by reconnaissance
NEOs, including mission
detection, tracking asteroid deflection
and impact risk credible impact
assessment and, a high velocity
subsequently, impact
planetary defence fund space activities
measures like civil space-based
protection or mitigation options
asteroid deflection.
Catastrophic climate The complex shifts Solving it requires shift in global increase in global
change now affecting our tremendous, climate patterns average temperature
planet’s weather and unprecedented flows of climate global warming
climate systems. collective action by refugees loss of landmass
countries with global food security massive species
heterogeneous to jeopardize extinctions
interests, priorities irreversible changes ice loss
and circumstances, concentration of sea level rise
where powerful gases ocean heat
forces pushing for atmospheric
environmentally concentrations
destructive acidification
development have self-reinforcing
prevailed thus far. feedback
Rules to develop rise in temperature
a global carbon carbon budget
trading system and
how to channel new
financial resources
for helping countries
already
facing the adverse
impacts of climate
change.
Nuclear warfare A military conflict The 1970 Nuclear mode of explosion nuclear war
or political strategy Non-proliferation nuclear weapons ‘nuclear winter’
which deploys Treaty (NPT) has point of detonation enormous loss of
nuclear weaponry. prevented the to possess nuclear lives and cities
development of weapons rising nationalism
nuclear weapons in all-out exchange
all countries beyond arsenal reduction
the original geopolitical tension
five (United States, horizontal
Soviet proliferation
Union/Russia, to launch missiles
United in a state of high
Kingdom, France readiness
and China) with the misperception
exception of
India, Pakistan,
 North Korea and
probably Israel.
Supervolcanic Supervolcanic Monitoring to anticipate release of sulphate
eruption eruptions are events volcanoes is largely volcanic eruptions natural hazards
in which at least 400 a responsibility quantities of volcanic ash
km3 of national materials ejected by eruptions
of bulk material is institutions that the volcano
expelled. Eruptions operate Volcano dust and ashes
of such magnitude Observatories, and global cooling
may happen at any work with political to mitigate impact
time in the future, authorities, to monitor
with civil protection volcanoes
catastrophic agencies and natural hazards
consequences. communities to scientific
manage the risk. investigation
volcanic ash
eruptions
world-wide
coverage
volcanic risk
management