REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE FÍSICA. VOL 38. No 2.

2006

I.RBIIMDOPKD n i J U Í S : CHARACTERIZATIONTimOUGH THE-EASV

IK)ÍNTS"METHOD

Jorge A. Gómez\ Pedro Torres', Adriana C. Triques', Carla Kaio\ Alexandre Ribeiro'*
•Phyjiics School. Üniv-'rsidad S'acioiial de Culombia-Sede McdcUin.
Mechanical Engineering Dtiparlnií^ní, Pontificia Vniversidade Caiúbca th.
Rio tfe Janeiro, Brazil
(Tlectbido 22 de Sep. 2005, Aceptado 19 de Abr. 2006; Publicado 16 de Jun. 2006)
RESUMEN:
En este trabajo ae muestra um técnicn ile caractsiizacion de fibras i^ptica-s dopadas co» ErtNO por
medio de [a medicióri de parámetros de trarBmísión óptica» S^ describe el mélodo de caracleriza-
dóri y ac iiiuesetan resiilteckw obtenidos para de« fibras de ditcKiitCÄ fabrianteíi. t!oii cíitoi> ie.siil-
tBtkw a& *innila un amplificador óiAico cuyas caracteristicas ÍO« acoi'des a los i^poHado* en U lite-
latura.

«: Filniís Ópiicas Dopada* con Erbio. Caractenzaaön. Amplificadores Ópticos,

l'araiiielFOS de Transmisión.

ABSTRACT:
In ilús work, a charactenzation technique of Erláoni dop^d libcw rliio*igtt ifLe c<\'Aicn\ traibsmissic«
paraitietfirs measurement is presented. Tliese paranKters as tÍK spectroscopic ones appropriately
describe (IK power evohirion of a ligl« pulse that is piopagaliiig throiç^h these spscial fiber* Here,
we present the cluiiacteiizatn^i ntethod as well as expeiinientfll re!>uits for diflefent înaiuitâctïuer
fibers.

K«y Word« Erbiuni Doped Fibers, Châracfc;nzauoa Oi>ti«(I Amplifiers.

1. IntruJuitiun
Theoretical models that are used in the design and posterior manufacturing of Erbium-doped
fibers (EDF) device^s are based on spectroscopic parameters such as effective sections. life ti-
mes, doping lonfi density, etc. whose measurement is not practical In this work, a characteriza-
tion methodology of these fibers. Iwsedon the transmitted power measwenients through a short
segment of the fiber, is descnlied
The methodologj- cortsists in launching the light of a source at wavelength tiiat one want char-
acterize the EDF during a |>eriod of time lor^er than the excited-level time of the Erbium ion
i-'li>ms)[]), so that by analyzing the output power profile in the ojiposite end of the fiber, it is
possible to know the atomic sj'stem response.

2. Mcthodologj Descripiioii
The Hrbium ion can be irejiEed a<; a two level system when is pumped with 98O.nm or 1480-nm-
light beams [2j. in this case, the raie equations for the Erbium ion are.

617
R£\1STA COLOMBIANA DE FÍSICA. VOL 3S. No, 2, 2006

0)
dN, _
(2)
dt hv

JV denotes îhe ion densitx' j>er volume unii in ihe fiber with JV, (M.), 1 ) ions per volume unit in /-
termed level. ÍT^ (ÍT..) represents the alisorption {emission) effective sections at the wavelength
of the light beam that is propagating througli the ril>er with transversal section A F is the over-
lapping factor between the propagating mtxle tield distribution and the doping ions distribution
over the fiber traasversal section h\\ is the photon energy with frequency \\
The power evolution of the hght beam that is propagating through the active fiber can be des-
cribed using the next equation:

'^ (3)

The sixintaneous emission is included in the model using the term Ni'ti in (2). but the «mplified
spontíBieous emission (ASE) is looked down, Defining the nomialized power of tlie excited
state as n^Ni/N, it is possible to rewrite (3) as:

+ 1H i^(z (4)

If we define the intrinsic power saturation Psat and the absoiption coefficient as
a Psal ^"'"^ (5)
It is possible to k'iiow the ntoniic sv'î;lem response by soh'ing the coupled equations system (1-3)
for a launched input signal at the filier with a time length greater than r^ Due to the stationary
stale of the sj'stem when a long pulse is used, fs easy lo demonstrate ihat
P

/Psaí
ÁPsaí
1 +P¿
O)
Psat
By integrating the lasl ejtpression. one find (hat:
t)~P(O,t»T)
In ocz (8)
» r) Psat
When the input pulse is launched, it is obviously that A'i=O tor i<0, its davale is null for
t>0. so thst equation (4) is reduced to*
(9)

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 REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE FÍSICA, VOL. 38, No- 2,200ó

Ttus lasl expression iidicAíeü that the Über absorption coefficient can be calcxilated if tl>s
pt^wer Pfü.Ö) and tbe «ilptil ¡Jower/^rAO) of the opticai signal are known. By replaciiç Œ) and
(9) in eqtwliori (7}. Psai can be rewritten m ternti of the "easy points" indicated in Figme I m
m
Psaf = (10)
w P\ ai Pl
means tiiat is enoigli (o <fctennine Ihe oiKptit jxnvcr profile of tlte fiber to chaiacrenze it.
The tenn i^^ ^j takes, in an account the coiipling factor between the über oiitpiit ana the phoiocte-
tector-

Entrada

No. I. Aloniic «.VEfem re«iponse.

S. \i.x[KTÍniefH'Al Setup.
A genei-al sclienie of the ej^pentmenrAl senip used for characterizing EDF with the "easy points"
methoilology is presented in Figure 2. As it was merUioned, for optical amplifier and ñhei lasers
is convenient to charactenze the fiber at Ä.=980 nm o Ä.=1480 run (pumping) and Ä.^1550 nm

j-L_n

Figur«' No.2. Experimental «ftip us&d to characterizalion of EDF.

Given tlie metfiod's conditions, the light source at the approfwiated wavelength was modulated
viith a signal generator at 2.5 Hz, in this way was guarantee the necessary conditions by the
tnethod described in «coon 2.

4.
A tvinc-íl expeitn»ental outpiit-ix»wei' profile is sliown in Figure 3. We charactetize two fibers
which räsults are shoviTi in Table I.
\Mth the obtain«! experimental results, it was amnlated an optical amplifier for botli fibers [4],
SOS Figine J A-s ii wa^ expcciccl the LieKki ptotktci bni^-s a greater gam for a doi^d fiber à
the same lei^th and ptunping pwver due to the largest concentration of Erbium ions.

619
 COLOMBIANA DE FÍSICA. VOL, 38. N» 2 2WHS

TMt N* ]. fiWs tjRtÉ^iiiiííion |iai aitietcn,

Mmiirwnirtr
CPqD-Teldïrà {Bra- 379J1IW Ö 52m H»
zil)
Liefcici 2 79ni'

Ttme(X'iO)[ms] Length Of ECf :rrí

tcnxntiofi.

In (bis wort; is prewnttd R simpl* mcltiod io ctiíiraclenre Eitmim Fibers basç<J on

inb.:^iün pmîMniUfi. Witli tiif v?cpt:i%(ii'ittaiiy acquifcd recita it w a» epical ainpli-
litrx^itti similar results 10 otticrcprtviwislyrefwried
Ttiis wöii É partially fuiaiïceii by Ctykknâm (IIIS-05-13632). DIXÍE (üiiivei-sidad Nacional
He Colombia. ScHt Mcdelîâi. 03ö»0Z~4«)» wnJ CNPq

[1 J. DcRirvire. J Simpioii, "Ampiificahiön oí spontMieotit cmisnoo in Erfiiiim-clop«l «ntlt-modc

JcumnI oí Lijhtwav« T«hnrf.!f.iiy. 7. S35.«45,1989.
[i] P I'lqfitlwrt»•'Review i>f latc earth i)i>ficj fifeei l*seis RIWI «mpíifi<*íi". lEE PröM«iSi^^ 1 3 1 M M 0 7 .
1996.
[3^ C. MnzziiJi. "^emfao c jvnpliíicai^ik- d« nrutr opbcoi porn sisUtn» de c«nu[Mcafâ<> >lc alta
de". Tçit de I>«.HH«*íl». ïJdjveiMilatk E^Mitrf tie CampiiMK^ l*>97
J. <3M[KZ. P. T O I T « "Lii«r d« libra ópíicj en itntllo: Modelo bun<k> <n parienetr« dk
M r í » tX EocuenOo Naci ond de Opbca. Mcdellin 200S.

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