NOISE MEASURING EQUIPMENT

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

DOSH
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, participants will be able to:

i. Explain a basic knowledge of noise measuring

equipment.
ii. Understand the sound parameter and measurement.
SCOPE
01 Noise Measuring Equipment
02 Sound Level Meter (SLM)
03 Microphones
04 Noise Dosimeter
05 Instrument Calibration
06 Sound Calibrator
07 Sound Parameter & Measurement
08 Basic Measurement
01
NOISE MEASURING EQUIPMENT
The noise measuring equipment shall comply with the standard
determined by the International Electro technical Commission
(IEC).
 NOISE MEASURING EQUIPMENT
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
01

Sound level meter

• SLM including the microphone & associated cables, shall meet the
requirement for IEC 61672-1, class 1 or class 2 instrumentation.
Noise dosimeter
Noise dosimeter including the microphone & associated cable, shall
meet the requirement specified in IEC 61252.

Sound calibrator
The sound calibrator shall meet the requirements specified in
IEC 60942, class 1.

5
02
SOUND LEVEL METER (SLM)
An integrating-averaging SLM - a device which can
measure sound and display the measured sound
pressure level.

A block diagram of major functional components of a basic SLM.

02
SOUND LEVEL METER (SLM)
• As the air pressure levels change in response to the presence of
sound waves, the microphone detects the changes and outputs
an electrical signal.
• This signal is conditioned by the remaining components to
provide a displayed level appropriate to the measurement
application.
• SLM including the microphone and associated cables, shall meet
the requirement for IEC 61672-1, class 1 or class 2 instrumentation.
• Class 1 - is a precision meter, and
• Class 2 - is a general purpose instrument with lower
performance specifications than class1.
03
MICROPHONES
• A microphone is a transducer that converts sound energy
into electrical energy.
• There are several kinds of microphones, and work in
different ways.
• Some SLM have microphones that can be removed from
the meter
• IEC 61094-4 1995 : Measurement Microphones
• WS1F – 1inch free field
• WS2P – ½ inch pressure field
• WS3D – ¼ inch diffuse field
Types of MICROPHONES
1. Condenser (air-condenser & Electret-condenser)
▪ for precision SLM (class 1)
▪ capacitive design
▪ signal is generated by change in capacitance.
Types of MICROPHONES
2.Ceramic (piezoelectric)
• for general SLM (class 2)
• use a crystal structure to generate the backplate voltage.
• signal is generated by mechanical vibration-audio vibrations
through contact with solid objects.
Types of SOUND FIELD
1. Random incidence
• for diffuse field measurement
• measure sounds almost evenly from any direction
• Area has so many hard reflecting surface
• Microphone pointed at 70o - 80o to the source
Types of SOUND FIELD
2. Direct incidence (Free Field)
• for free field measurement
• Area where sound waves can propagate freely without
disturbing objects (without reverberant because of no
reflecting objects)
• measure sound that is directed in a 0 degree angle to the
microphone
• microphone pointed towards (directly) the source
Types of SOUND FIELD
3. Pressure (pressure-response)
• Design to measure the sound pressure in front of the
diaphragm
• Usually in an enclosure, or cavity which is small when
compared with wavelength.
• measure sound at a 90 degree angle to the source.
• It should be held parallel to the source.
04
NOISE DOSIMETER
• A noise dosimeter is an SLM designed to measure a
worker’s noise exposure over a period of time.
• including the microphone and associated cable, shall meet the
requirement specified in IEC 61252
• The output is available as both noise dose and noise exposure.
• Noise exposure may be shown as an Leq,8h, LEX,8H, or TWA.
04
NOISE DOSIMETER
• The range control can be set automatically or
manually depends on meter
• The clock keeps track of sampling time as well as the
time the dosimeter has not been sampling.
• Some dosimeters may also record how long sound
levels exceeded a set upper limit.
• The calculator computes an Leq, a dose, TWA, and
other data.
• The memory stores all times, calculations, and
measurements
Setup NOISE DOSIMETER
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Noise dosimeter must be set up as follows─

1. Criterion Level: Lc= 85 dB(A);
2. Threshold Level: Lt = 80 dB(A);
3. Exchange Rate: q = 3 dB;
4. Time Constant = “Slow”.
05
INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
Types of the calibration of a noise measurement equipment
1. Field Calibration
• carry out before (as possibly after) each
measurement using a reference acoustic source
such as an sound calibrator.
2. Recalibration (Periodic Verification)
• the process that the equipment will undergo
when it is returned to a accredited laboratory or
manufacturer
• shall verified at intervals not exceeding 12 months
based on requirement of IEC 61672-1, IEC 61252 or
other relevant standards.
Field CALIBRATION
Field calibration shall be performed before and after
monitoring with a sound calibrator at a quiet location
as follows:
1. At the start of each noise monitoring, a field
calibration with appropriate adjustments
2. At the end of the noise monitoring, a field
calibration without adjustment
3. If the reading at any frequency at the end of the
noise monitoring differs from the reading of that
frequency at the beginning by more than 0.5 dB,
the results shall be discarded
4. NRA shall record field calibration reading of
dosimeter and SLM
06
SOUND CALIBRATOR
06
SOUND CALIBRATOR
• A calibrator is a device which produces a sound
with a fixed frequency at a fixed sound level.
• Sound calibrator shall meet the requirements
specified in IEC 60942, class 1
• The calibrator is connected to a sound level
meter or dosimeter to verify the measurement
accuracy.
• Some calibrators may have multi-frequency and
intensity capabilities.

A block diagram of major functional components of

a basic sound calibrator.
Sound Level Calibrator B&K 4231
• 94 dB SPL, or 114 dB SPL for calibration in noisy
environments

• 1 kHz calibration frequency for correct

calibration level independent of weighting
networks

• Fits Brüel &Kjaer 1” and 1/2 “ microphones

(1/4” and 1/8” microphones with adaptor)

• Switches off automatically when removed

from the microphone
07
SOUND PARAMETER & MEASUREMENT
• A meter can be used to measure sound in different
ways.
• The number provided by the meter is not meaningful
unless the meter has been set up in an appropriate
manner for the purpose of the measurements.
• There are two main types of weighting applied to the
signal before a figure is displayed.
• frequency weighting
• time weighting.
Weighting
Frequency Weighting:
For occupational assessments these are A, C and Z

Time Weighting
Typically meters will have selectable time responses these are;
• Slow,
• Fast,
• Max,
• Impulse & Peak.

• As this requires the meter to calculate the sound levels by

integration over differing time intervals these are called time
constants
Weighting
Time Weighting
• In practice, the “slow "response can be used for measuring
relatively fast changing sounds when an integrating meter is not
available.
The “fast” response is used to obtain the limits of a sound, such
as the maximum or minimum, and is preferred when using the
integration function.
• Some references and standards use subscripts:
• “S” for “slow” (e.g. : LS)
• “F” for “fast” (e.g. : LF)
• When no subscript is given, fast response is assumed
Sound Measurement
Max:
• The loudest excursion of the meter. This was regulated to be
used with the ‘slow’ time weighting, but can be used with
any reading.

Peak SPL:
• Peak has replaced impulse and max in the occupational
environment.
• The peak SPL,Lpk or Lpeak is defined as the highest C-
weighted instantaneous sound pressure level at any impact.
• For occupational noise measurements, the instrument must
measure a pulse of 100 microsecond.
Sound Measurement
Equivalent Continuous Sound Level:
• The theoretical continuous A–weighted sound pressure
level which would produce an identical noise dose to
an employee exposed to an actual varying A–weighted
sound pressure level for the same duration as the actual
A–weighted sound pressure level
• Equivalent continuous sound level, expressed as Leq,T, is
used to quantify the average SPL for a given
measurement period.
• It is worth noting the term average sound level is also
used and for all practical purposes is functionally
identical.
• To obtain an Leq,T, an integrating SLM is used.
07
SOUND PARAMETER & MEASUREMENT

L = Level T = time (unit defined by user)

LAeq,T

A = A-weighting eq = equivalent-continous
 07
SOUND PARAMETER & MEASUREMENT
Term Unit of Measure Purpose
The level set by regulation, that if you were
Criterion Decibel exposed to it on average for 8hrs, would result in
a maximum allow- able exposure
The level set by regulation, below which all
Threshold Decibel measured
value are assigned a value of zero
The amount of increase from the criterion
necessary to result in a doubling of the
Exchange Rate Decibel
maximum allowable exposure, and the amount
of decrease necessary for a halving of the
maximum allowable exposure
The level that if it were present continuously,
Average Level Decibel would generate an equal amount of sound
energy as the varying levels that are present
in the environment
© 2019 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. 27
07
SOUND PARAMETER & MEASUREMENT
Term Unit of Measure Purpose
Time A level average with an assumed Average
Weighted Decibel sample period of eight hours
Average
The allowable daily exposure value. A
Dose Percentage, % maximum allowable exposure is equal to
100%

© 2019 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. 27

08
BASIC MEASUREMENT
Some basic rules to follow when making sound measurements
using a portable sound level meter.
1. Check applicable standards and rules for the proper
measuring equipment and techniques
2. Check that the batteries for the measuring instruments and
the calibrator are sufficiently charged and take along extra
sets of good quality batteries. If instruments are to be stored
for a long time, the batteries should be removed.
3. Make sure that the instrument is properly calibrated. Use of a
calibrator at the start and end of each measurement session
is recommended.
4. Make a sketch of the area and perform some orientation
measurements before noting actual values. Determine the
kind of sound field you are working with and find the correct
measuring positions .
08
BASIC MEASUREMENT
5. Decide which weighting network should be used. Normally this
would be the ‘A’ network , but may depend on the standards
are using.
6. When making sound measurements, hold the sound level meter
at arm’s length or use a remote microphone. This will help to
avoid both reflections from your body and also blocking of
sound from somedirections
7. During the measurement, remember to:
a. Keep away from reflecting surfaces.
b. Measure at a suitable distance from the noise source.
c. Check the background noise level.
d. Make sure that nothing obstructs the noise source.
e. Use a windshield.
f. Be careful not to accept readings if the meter is
overloaded.
8. Keep a well documented measurement report
Any Questions?
 PRACTICAL SESSION

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

DOSH
SCOPE
01 Sound Level Meter (SLM)
02 Noise Dosimeter
01
SOUND LEVEL METER (SLM)
Integrating Sound Level Meter
The integrating sound level meter (ISLM) is similar to the
dosimeter. It determines equivalent sound levels over a
measurement period. The major difference is that an ISLM does
not provide personal exposures because it is hand-held like the
SLM, and not worn.
Integrating Sound Level Meter B&K 2250 LIGHT COMPONENTS
Integrating Sound Level Meter B&K 2250 LIGHT COMPONENTS
Integrating Sound Level Meter B&K 2250 LIGHT COMPONENTS
Integrating Sound Level Meter B&K 2250 LIGHT COMPONENTS
Connector panel of 2250 Light

Earphone socket

‘External Power’ socket

Reset Button
Battery Charge
Indicator
USB Interface
steady green light when
external power is applied
(and the battery is
charging), and a flashing
green light when charging
Slot for Compact Flash (CF) Cards has finished.

Slot for Secure Digital (SD) Cards

Measurement Procedure
1. Switch on by pressing

2. Select Project Template:

o Frequency Analyzer 1/1 OCT
o Frequency Analyzer 1/3 OCT
o Logging 1/1 OCTAVE
o Logging 1/3 OCTAVE
o Logging SLM
o Sound Level Meter
Power-on Pushbutton
Choosing a Measurement Template
Sound Level Meter: This template comes as standard on Brüel & Kjær’s
sound level meters. Use this for simple cases, where all you need are
overall broadband numbers like Leq, Lmax, Lmin, or statistics.

Frequency Analyzer: Use this for simple cases, where you need to know
the frequency content of sound, but still only need overall numbers over
time. It can be used to identify sounds by frequency and/or assess if noise
is ‘tonal’ and, therefore more annoying.

Logging and Enhanced Logging: Use these templates when you need to
know how the level changes over time. They are also useful when there
are many sources to separate. Logging gives the maximum amount of
flexibility in post-processing. Note this license is optional and needs to be
ordered separately.

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

Measurement Procedure
3. Check that the data path at the
top of the screen displays the
correct job/project

• to go up one level in the job-levels.

• to create a new job folder.
• to select the current job as the default
measurement job, where all projects will be
saved when you press the Save pushbutton.
• Paste icon
Measurement Procedure

4. Select Broadband View and Set

Measurement Mode to
manual/Automatic
5. Change any setup parameters
by tapping the Main Menu icon
and selecting Setup from the
drop-down that appears.
o Input
o Frequency Weighting
▪ Broadband (excl. Peak) AZ
▪ Broadband Peak AC
▪ Spectrum A
o Statistics
o Measurement Control
o Occupational Health
Measurement Procedure
Pushbuttons
6) Press the Start/Pause pushbutton , then
monitor the status indicator (traffic light).
7) Use the Start/Pause , Continue , Back-
erase and Reset pushbuttons to
control the measurement.
8) When measurement has finished, press the
Save pushbutton to save your data.
9) To view and organize your data, tap the Main Menu
icon and select Explorer.
Monitoring the measurement state of the sound level meter

Green light – currently recording/measuring

Flashing yellow light – ready to measure, paused, and not currently

recording/measuring

Red light – something is wrong, check the device

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

Calibration
1. Stand away from loud sound sources that
may interfere with the calibrator’s signal.
2. Switch on 2250 Light by pressing .
3. Tap on the Main Menu icon and
select Calibration from the list of options. A
screen similar to that shown in Figure will
appear.
4. Switch on the Calibrator. Wait a few
seconds the level to stabilize.
5. Tap the button on the
screen to start the calibration.
Initial Calibration screen
6. Once you have completed the
calibration, tap the
button and remove the calibrator. It will
automatically switch off after a few
seconds.
Calibration Information

Calibration details screen Calibration reminder tab

Method of Measurement

Machine 2

Machine 1

Machine 3

Example: Layout of workplace

Method of Measurement

• Identify the single noise source which is directly exposed to

the worker and observe the trend of worker’s movement
around the noise source.
• Maximum 3 points are required when measuring the noise
source depending on worker movement around the
machine.
• Measuring distance:
• 1 meter from the noise source
• 1 meter from the ground level
• Pointed the PSLM microphone towards the identified noise
source and start record the reading in duration of 1 minute.
• Transfer all the reading taken from the measurement activity
to the provided checklist as well as existing controls observed
in that particular area.
Switching Off

• Switch 2250 Light off by pressing

• If held in for 1 second, the
instrument goes into standby
mode;
• If held in for more than 4
seconds, it switches the
instrument off.
• The instrument will automatically
switch off, when it has been in
standby mode without external
power for more than 30 hours.
02
NOISE DOSIMETER
NOISE DOSIMETER
Basic Info : doseBadge
Basic Info

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

NOISE DOSIMETER
Basic Info : Wand Basic Info : Dock

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

NOISE DOSIMETER
How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

Memory

Battery
indication

Download data

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

• Noise dosimeter must be set up as follows─

1)Criterion Level: Lc= 85 dB(A);
2)Threshold Level: Lt = 80 dB(A);
3)Exchange Rate: q = 3 dB;
4)Time Constant = “Slow”.

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

Pastikan save

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

How To Setup

Syncronize Times

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT MODULE

02
NOISE DOSIMETER 1

Calibration Procedure Microphone

cover
Microphone

1. Take off the microphone cover of

the dosimeter.

2. Insert the microphone on the

dosimeter into the calibrator.
Calibrator
2

Insert in here

Footnote: The
dosimeter has been
automatically
Dosimeter
calibrated to 114 dB
(standard calibration).
02
NOISE DOSIMETER Calibrator
Calibration Procedure 3
Top view

3. Turn on the calibrator by pressing the

button on the calibrator. The
dosimeter will show blue LED blink
twice indicates the dosimeter has Press this button

been calibrated.

4. Put back the microphone cover on

Dosimeter
the microphone of the dosimeter.

5. The dosimeter has been calibrated

and ready to use.

Blue LED blink

twice
02
NOISE DOSIMETER
Attaching Dosimeter Procedure
1. The microphone of dosimeter shall be
mounted on the top of the shoulder at a
distance of at least 0.1 m from the
entrance of the external ear canal at the
side of the most exposed ear & shall be
approximately 0.04 m above the shoulder.
2. Clip the dosimeter onto clothing(e. g.:
collar) using mounting clips supplied and
ensure that the unit is secured.
Example of placing a dosimeter on a
3. Avoid placing any hindrance (e. g.:
exposed person’s shoulder
clothing) and do not disturb the dosimeter
while taking the reading.

4. Place the dosimeter on an exposed

person’s shoulder that is against the
dominant hand when doing a work.
 Display
Measurement Procedure 1

1. Press ‘Connect’ and select serial

number of dosimeter by using
controller. Keypad

2. After connected, select ‘Measure’

and press left button to start a
measurement. The blue LED will blink
every 2 seconds indicates the
dosimeter is running.
2

Blue LED blink every 2 seconds

3. If you want to pause the measuring, press the Press here
3
up button. The blue LED will blink every 5 seconds
indicates the dosimeter is paused.

4. If you want to stop the measuring, press the

right button. The yellow LED will blink indicates
the dosimeter is stopped.

5. Release the clips and remove the dosimeter. Blue LED blink every 5 seconds

6. Final Calibrate.
Press here

Yellow LED blink