Webinar Vehicle To Grid

Vehicle to Grid
Where Data meets Energy
Gerhard Schagerl
AVL List GmbH (Headquarters) Public

Today’s Presenters
Martin Rothbart Gerhard Schagerl
Master of Business Master of Science
Senior Product Manager Product Line Manager

Energy & Sustainability Data Intelligence
Energized for driving the Market and customer focused

green revolution of renewables! data business enthusiast
More than 20 years with AVL 20 years in automotive industry
Public /2 Gerhard Schagerl; Martin Rothbart | Webinar Vehicle to Grid | 24 November 2020 |
Today’s Agenda
1 Market situation
2 Business Model
3 Requirements process
4 Project example
Facts and
Figures
Founded Employees Worldwide Of Turnover Invested in
Inhouse R&D
Global Footprint
Years of Experience Engineers and Scientists Granted Patents in Force
Represented in 26 countries
45 Affiliates divided over 93

locations
45 Global Tech and Engineering Export Quota

Centers (including Resident
Offices)
ELECTRIFICATION ADAS AND AUTONOMOUS DRIVING ZERO-IMPACT EMISSION
VEHICLE ENGINEERING DATA INTELLIGENCE

An Integrated Eco-System of Individual Sectors
Wind
Heat and electricity

Storage consumption
Traffic
Power
Power storage
generation
Industry
Distribution
Transport
PV
GHG Emissions of Electricity Production
716
GHG emissions* *electricity production corrected by
trading and losses
in g CO2eq/kWh 502
432
330
158
65 83 68
EU 28 CHINA JAPAN USA
2018 2040 2018 2040 2018 2040 2018 2040
Share of electricity generation by source in %
17% 15%
26% 20% 24% 28% Coal
32%
2018 2018 2018 19% 2018 Oil
19%
66% 6%
25% 36% Gas
35%
10% Nuclear
16%
17% 22%
17% 6% Regenerative
2040 2040 45% 2040 2040
12% Bio-energy
9% 61% 57% 15%
62% 28%
7%
Source: IEA, AVL
Power Sector plans to be 75 – 90 % less carbon intense in 2040.
Intermittency
Variability of renewable energy
Daily Weekly
24h hours 7 days Seasonal
00:00 12:00 00:00 12:00 00:00 01-Sept-18 07-Sept-18 March-18 Sept-18 March-19
Source: PV park Germany, 99.6kW Source: wind park Germany, 2000kW Source: PV park Germany, 99.6kW
Decentral Central
(e.g. Electrochemical Storage) (e.g. mechanical or chemical storage)
Different types of intermittency require energy storage methods adapted to the use case
Excess Energy from renewables in Germany
not delivered to the grid
Excess Energy [GWh]
6,482
The unused energy of 6,482 GWh could have been

converted to hydrogen to cover 1.5% of the driven
passenger car distance in Germany.
Electrolysis H2: 60% efficiency

Produced H2: 116,625 t
PassCar distance driven in Germany per year: 630,000 Mio.km
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Excess Energy [GWh]
Source: https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Sachgebiete/ElektrizitaetundGas/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Versorgungssicherheit/Netz_Systemsicherheit/Netz_Systemsicherheit_node.html
No energy to be wasted.
However excess energy is difficult to be predicted, resulting in uncertain business models.
Public / 10 Gerhard Schagerl; Martin Rothbart | Webinar Vehicle to Grid | 24 November 2020 |
Idea behind Vehicle to Grid
Buying electricity Battery aging

Selling electricity Consumer net benefit
Consumer net benefit shall be positive at the end
Technical Challenges to V2G
Battery aging Charging Efficiency Upscaling
Affects business case and Charging losses impacts Critical mass not yet reached
consumer willingness. payment methods and to participate in electricity
intelligent use of energy. grid market.
The Lifetime of a Battery
• Battery is key component & most expensive part in xEV

• Battery ages over time depending on driver usage, decreasing
electric range, performance and safety
Charging Efficiency
AVL vehicle benchmarking
All vehicles:
• Noticeable increase in charger efficiency for
increasing charge power
• very little influence in charge efficiency regarding
recharge efficiency [%]
different battery temperature.

• noticeable increase in average charge power (also
in charge time) for DC fast charge.
• noticeable efficiency decrease for household
charging for Vehicle 2 and Vehicle 4
BMW i3 1
Vehicle
Chevrolet
Vehicle 2Bolt
Hyundai
Vehicle Ioniq
3
VehicleZoe
Renault 4
Vehicle
VW eGolf5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
average charge power [kW]
Upscaling of electric vehicles
BEV focused scenario - EU
BEV focus
New registration Total Fleet
PC
2025 3.7 Mio. 16.1 Mio.
2030 5.8 Mio. 41.2 Mio.
2020 2030 2040 2050
ICE HEV PHEV BEV FCEV
Assuming an average battery capacity of 50kWh that leads to a buffer storage of 2TWh total capacity in 2030.
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Big Data Platform
Goal: Create a cloud-based big data platform which optimize the V2G process thanks to machine learning
and artificial intelligence and provide useful information to target customers
Customer Groups
BEV Owner
Data Storage (e.g. Charging optimisation)
Data Analytics
AI Predictions
OEMs
(e.g. Battery degradation)
Charger Provider
(e.g. Charger location selection)
Government
Vehicle(s) Charger Electricity Grid (e.g. Utility strategy)
What data needs to be exchanged and shared?
Use Cases:
 Power demand balancing
Data Storage  Charging/discharging optimization
Data Analytics
AI Predictions
 Pricing (offer & demand)
 Billing (each transaction)
 Predictive Vehicle Conditioning
 Range Prediction
Data platform needs to provide:

 history
Vehicle(s) Charger Electricity Grid  real time
− Vehicle usage profile − Location of charging points  prediction
− Location of vehicles − Power demand
− SOC/SOH − Charging behavior
What are the data challenges?
Connection of various stake holders

BEV Owner
− BEV Owners – Consumers (e.g. Charging optimisation)
− Multiple OEMs
− Multiple Energy Providers OEMs
(e.g. Battery degradation)
− Multiple Governments
Charger Provider
 Data Platform (e.g. Charger location selection)
 Data Infrastructure
 Data Standardization Government
(e.g. Utility strategy)
 Legal boundaries - privacy
 Business cases
Typical Analytics Project Execution
Scoping & Target Feasibility Proof of Pilot, Solution
Setting Assessment Value MVP Deployment
days weeks weeks months months
Problem Data collection Technical proof Working Development

Understanding of feasibility prototype of deployable
Data solution
Objectives understanding Identification Assessment of
of roadblocks business value Roll-out onto
Technical Data quality productive
background Definition of Estimation of environment
MVP deployment
effort
Duration may vary depending on available data and project content
BADGE
(Battery Degradation for
Grid-connected Electric vehicle)
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=133494
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340181305_Cloud-based_Big_Data_Platform_for_Vehicle-to-Grid_V2G
Available Data Sources
4.000
electric vehicles
1.5mio 25.000
driving trips
charging stations
100mio 4 mio
data points charging operations
BADGE Project Result – Dashboard
Cloud deployment
AVL server
Datalogger SFTP
Off-Premises
MongoDB
Data pre- Matlab scripts for Blob
processing pre-processing
Export DB
On-premises
Azure Virtual Machine
Matlab scripts for

Power BI analytics MongoDB Import DB
- Charging Optimization Flow Chart
Cloud-based1)
SOCinitial
Electricity cost
Database
Charger power
Start park time
Route
Stop park time
prediction On-board
Charging Power
Optimisation
charger
profile
controller
BEV range
Minimum SOC target
prediction
Charging
Flag charging
pattern
1) Algorithms are developed offline and once validated they are uploaded in the cloud
- Charging Optimization
Constraint
Reach final SOC minimum target [%]
Input
Initial SOC [%]
Minimise Output
Electricity cost [£/kWh]
J = f(w1.charge/discharge cost [£]+ Final SOC [%]
Charger power [kW]
w2.battery degradation [£]) J1) [£]
Start park time [date/time]
Stop park time [date/time]
Control variables
System Equation Charge/Discharge power [kW]
Battery model including degradation w1 and w2 [-]
1) Total BEV owner’ cost of the current event including electricity and battery degradation costs
- Charging Optimization
The balance (electricity gained discharging - electricity cost charging) is calculated for each scenario
Scenario Tariff name Elec buy Elec buy Elec sell Elec sell Balance [£]
rate 1 [£/kWh] rate 2 [£/kWh] Rate 1 [£/kWh] Rate 2 [£/kWh]
1 Standard 0.162 0 0 0 -0.39
2 Eco7 0.197 0.088 0 0 -0.21
3 Standard + V2G12) 0.162 0 0.4 0 0.11
4 Eco7 + V2G1 0.197 0.088 0.4 0 0.45
5 Eco7 + V2G22) 0.197 0.088 0.45 0.25 0.55
6 Standard random 0.088 to 0.197 0 0 -0.42
7 Standard + V2G random 0.088 to 0.197 0.25 to 0.45 0.22
Case 1: Case 2:
- Scenario 1, the user spends £0.39 to charge its - Scenario 2, the user spends £0.21 to charge its battery
battery with standard tariff with Eco7 tariff
- Scenario 3, the user earns £0.11 by charging and - Scenario 5, the user earns £0.55 by charging and
discharging its battery with standard and V2G tariffs discharging its battery with Eco7 and V2G 2-rate tariffs
- The user have a benefit of £0.5 - The user have a benefit of £0.76
- From about £200 to £900 earned annually1) - From about £300 to £1,400 earned annually1)
1) Assume the event last from 1h to 5h daily for a complete year, considering that 90% of the day (~21.6h) the vehicle is parked and up to 25% of park time (~5.4h) optimisation is performed
2) V2G1 for one rate, V2G2 for two rates
Summary
Business Model is still in an Data handling is essential for Cross sectoral approach
early phase the success of V2G needs trial projects
Electric vehicles need to build Real time data logging Small scale project as
a critical mass to act as a generates PetaByte of data. incubator for upscaling.
vehicle balancing device.
The right application of Long term success of V2G
Battery aging one of the key requirement engineering and relies on consumer-friendly
challenges to consider. big data methods is key. handling.
Beside the end consumer:

the OEM, charging provider
and government are
stakeholder of V2G.
Let’s stay in touch
LOCATION PHONE EMAIL WEBSITE
AVL List GmbH +43 316 787 4169 martin.rothbart@avl.com avl.com/energy

Hans-List-Platz 1 +43 316 787 1952 gerhard.schagerl@avl.com avl.com/data-intelligence
8020 Graz
Austria
Thank you
www.avl.com
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Vehicle to Grid

Where Data meets Energy

AVL List GmbH (Headquarters) Public

Martin Rothbart Gerhard Schagerl

Master of Business Master of Science

Senior Product Manager Product Line Manager

Energized for driving the Market and customer focused

More than 20 years with AVL 20 years in automotive industry

45 Affiliates divided over 93

45 Global Tech and Engineering Export Quota

VEHICLE ENGINEERING DATA INTELLIGENCE

Heat and electricity

Share of electricity generation by source in %

Power Sector plans to be 75 – 90 % less carbon intense in 2040.

The unused energy of 6,482 GWh could have been

Electrolysis H2: 60% efficiency

Buying electricity Battery aging

Consumer net benefit shall be positive at the end

Battery aging Charging Efficiency Upscaling

• Battery is key component & most expensive part in xEV

different battery temperature.

2020 2030 2040 2050

ICE HEV PHEV BEV FCEV

Data platform needs to provide:

Connection of various stake holders

days weeks weeks months months

Problem Data collection Technical proof Working Development

Duration may vary depending on available data and project content

Matlab scripts for

Beside the end consumer:

LOCATION PHONE EMAIL WEBSITE

AVL List GmbH +43 316 787 4169 martin.rothbart@avl.com avl.com/energy

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