Julianne Ninchie P.

Pasco

BSN 2A

Antibiotics: Penicillins

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1. amoxicillin It acts through Susceptible Oral suspension: Monitor signs of
the inhibition of infections  diarrhea diarrhea,
cell wall including  rash abdominal pain,
biosynthesis that ear/nose/throat  vomiting fever, mucus in
leads to the (ENT),  nausea stool, nausea,
death of the genitourinary Triple therapy: vomiting, and
bacteria. tract, skin and  diarrhea heartburn.
skin structures,  headache
lower  taste
respiratory, perversion
acute Dual therapy
uncomplicated  diarrhea
gonorrhea.  headache

Antibiotics: Cephalosporins

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1. cephalexin A bactericidal Treatment for:  nausea Assess if the
agent that acts  Respiratory  diarrhea patient is
by the inhibition tract  vomiting allergic to
of bacterial cell- infections  heartburn penicillin or
wall synthesis.  otitis media  stomach pain cephalosporin, if
 skin and soft  rectal or genital pregnant or
tissue itching lactating
infections  dizziness
 bone and  extreme Do a renal
joint infection tiredness function tests,
 genitourinary  agitation respiratory
infections status, skin
 confusion
 acute prostitis status
 headache
 dental assessment. And
 joint pain
infections culture and
sensitivity tests
of infected area.
2. cefotetan Inhibits the third For prophylaxis  diarrhea Determine
and final stage of and treatment of  nausea history of
bacterial cell bacterial  hepatic enzyme hypersensitivity
wall synthesis by infections like: elevation to
preferentially  urinary tract  hypersensitivity cephalosporins
binding to infections reaction and penicillins,
specific  lower  phlebitis and other drug
penicillin-binding respiratory  nephrotoxicity allergies, before
proteins that are tract  fever therapy begins.
located inside infections
the bacterial cell  skin and skin Perform culture
wall. structure and sensitivity
infections studies before
 gynecologic initiation of
infections therapy and
 intra- during therapy,
abdominal as indicated.
infections
 bone and Report onset of
joints loose stools or
infections diarrhea.

3. cefotaxime Inhibiting the  bacteria and  injection site Observe site

mucopeptide sepsis reactions (pain, closely for
synthesis in the  bacterial irritation, hard extravasation
bacterial cell meningitis lump, or during
wall. Binding to and inflammation) administration
an enzymes vetriculitis  rash
causing to lose  gonorrhea  itching Observe for
activity,  disseminated  hives signs of adverse
therefore, the gonococcal  fever effects,
bacteria produce infection  nausea especially those
defective cell  surgical  vomiting suggesting a
walls causing cell infection  stomach pain superinfection
death. prophylaxis  headache
 urinary tract Observe for
 diarrhea
infection signs of renal,
 vaginal itching
 intra- hepatic, or
or discharge
abdominal haematological
 colitis
infections dysfunction
Less common:
 skin and skin during
 arrythmias
structure prolonged
 low white blood therapy.
infections (i.e. cell levels
 animal bite  low blood
wounds) platelet levels
 bone and  yeast infection
joint
infections
 gynecologic
infections
 disseminated
Lyme disease
 entric
infection
 severe
leptospirosis
 acute
bacterial
sinusitis
 lower
respiratory
tract
infections
 severe
typhoid fever

4. cefepime Inhibits bacterial  pneumonia  headache Watch for

cell wall  febrile  fever seizures; notify
synthesis by neutropenia  neurotoxicity physician
covalently  urinary tract  nausea immediately if
binding enzymes infections  vomiting patients
responsible for  skin and skin  abdominal pain develops or
the final step in structure  hepatic injury increases
transpeptidation infections  colitis seizure activity.
during  Intra-  vaginitis
peptidoglycan abdominal  renal injury
wall synthesis. infections  local site
This caused
injection
defects in the
irritation
cell wall leading
 positive Coombs
to autolysis and
test without
subsequent
hemolysis
death of the
 pancytopenia
organism.
 anaplastic
anemia
Antibiotics: Aminoglycosides

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1. neomycin Inhibits  use in  nausea Monitor signs of
sulfate bacterial protein preoperative  vomiting hypersensitivity
synthesis bowel  diarrhea reactions,
through preparation  nephrotoxicity including
irreversible for patients  ototoxicity pulmonary
binding to the undergoing  neuromuscular symptoms or
30 S ribosomal colorectal blockage skin reactions.
subunit of surgery
susceptible  suppression
bacteria. of intestinal
bacteria
 hepatic coma
(portal-
systemic
encephalopat
hy)
 infectious
diarrhea

Antibiotics: Macrolides

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1. azithromycin Inhibits bacterial  community -  diarrhea Observe for
protein acquired  nausea signs and
synthesis, pneumonia  abdominal symptoms of
quorum-sensing  pharyngitis or pain anaphylaxis.
and reduces the tonsilitis  stomach
formation of  uncomplicated upset Assess patient
biofilm. skin/skin  vomiting skin for rash
structure  constipation frequently
genital ulcer  dizziness during therapy.
disease  tiredness
 pelvic  headache
inflammatory  sleep
disease problems
 skin rash or
 itching
 ringing in the
ears
 decreased
sense of taste
or smell

Antibiotics: Tetracyclines

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1.demeclocycline Inhibits cell  Lyme disease  nausea Ask if the client is
growth by  acne  vomiting pregnant or
inhibiting  bronchitis  diarrhea lactating.
translation. It  urinary  loss of Pregnant woman
binds to the infections appetite cannot use it and
ribosomal  gum diseas  darkened skin it can pass into
subunit and  malaria color breast milk and
prevent amino-  gonorrhea  swollen may affect bone
acyl tRNA from  chlamydia tongue and tooth
binding to the A  trouble development in
site of the swallowing an infant.
ribosome, which  excessive
impairs protein thirst
synthesis by  frequent
bacteria. irritation
 severe
stomach pain

Antibiotics: Fluoroquinolons

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1. moxifloxacin Inhibition of the  acute sinusitis  abdominal Watch for
enzymes  chronic discomfort seizures.
topoisomerase II bronchitis  diarrhea
and  community-  nausea Be alert for
topoisomerase acquired  vomiting anxiety,
IV required for pneumonia  mouth sores agitation, or
bacterial DNA  complicated  headaches other alterations
 replication, skin and skin  dizziness in mental status.
transcription, structure  blurred vision
repair, and infections  skin itching
recombination.  bacterial  agitation
conjunctivitis  anxiety
 insomia

Antibiotics: Sulfonamides

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1. sulfadiazine It inhibits  chancroid  headache Monitor renal
formation of  trachoma  depression and liver
tetrahydrofolic  inclusion  seizures function test
acid from conjunctivitis  hallucinations results.
paraminobenzoic  nocardiosis  nausea
(PABA),  urinary tract  vomiting Monitor patient
preventing infection  diarrhea for signs of
bacterial cell (secondaary  abdominal pain blood dyscrasia.
synthesis of folic therapy)  toxic nephrosis
acid.  toxoplasmosis Bee alet for
 jaundice
ncephalitis signs of
 hypersensitivity
 meningococcal leukopenia,
reactions
menigitis including
 acute otitis feever, sore
media throat, and
 rheumatic signs of
fever infection.

Antibiotics: Anti TB

Name of the Mode of Action Indication Side effects Nursing

drug considerations
1. streptomycin Binds to four  mycobacterium  nausea Report any
nucleotides for tuberculosis  vomiting muscle
16S rRNA and  Yersinia pestis  stomach weakness or
and a single  Francisella upset paralysis that
amino acid of tularensis  loss of occurs following
protein S12. This  Brucella appetite injection of high
leads to  H.influenza  vertigo doses.
interference  K. pneumoniae  injection site
 with the  E. coli reactions Monitor signs of
initiation  tingling or low magnesium
complex. prickling levels, such as
sensation in lethargy,
the face irritability,
 rash insomnia,
 fever muscle tremors,
 hives and confusion.
 edema

2. capreomycin Inhibit protein  tuberculosis in  black, tarry Observe

synthesis by combination stools injection sites
binding to the with other  blood in the for signs of
70S ribosomal drugs urine excessive
unit. It also  change in the bleeding and
binds to frequency of inflammation
components in urintion
the bacterial cell  chest pain Evaluate hearing
which result in  chills and balance by
the production  cough audiometric
of abnormal  difficulty in measurement
proteins. These breathing and test
proteins are  dizziness vestibular
necessary for  feeling of function.
the bacteria's fullness in
survival. the ears
 fever
 loss of
balance
 loss of
hearing
 nausea
 vomiting
 unusual
bleeding or
bruising
 unusual
tiredness or
weakness