9

Science 9
Quarter 3 – Week 1
Module 1: Volcanoes

AIRs - LM
Science 9
Quarter 3 – Week 1 - Module 1: Volcanoes
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Edmond A. Ramirez, Master Teacher I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target

In this module, you will describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic
eruptions.
To help you understand the module, you will be doing the following activities:

Activity 1: Parts of a Volcano

Activity 2: Word Search Puzzle
Activity 3: Volcano Cryptogram
Activity 4: Types of Volcanoes
Activity 5: Volcanic Eruptions
Activity 6: Draw Me!
Activity 7: Let’s Organize!

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. (Melcs

3rd Quarter, G-9)

Specifically, the activities will enable you to:

• name the parts of a volcano;

• characterize a volcano;
• classify volcanoes as active, inactive or extinct;
• identify the types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions;
• use illustrations or drawings to explain what happens when a volcano erupts.
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice: Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each number.

____ 1. What is a Volcano?

A. A large storm with very high speed winds.
B. A large cloud that generates rain, hail and lightning.
C. A violent shaking of the Earth that occur when two tectonic plates bump
into each other.
D. An opening on the earth’s surface through which molten rocks, lava,
volcanic ash, debris, and gases from the magma chamber reach the earth’s
surface.

____ 2. What do we call molten hot liquid rock while it is still below the earth’s
surface?
A. Ash flow B. Conduit C. Lava D. Magma

____ 3. This is the name for the chain of volcanoes around the edge of the Pacific
Plate.
A. Circle of Fire B. Circle of Magma C. Ring of Fire D. Ring of Lava

____ 4. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma

emission?
A. Age B. Location C. Shape D. Size

____ 5. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines?

A. Apo in Davao B. Bud Datu in Sulu
C. Isarog in Camarines Sur D. Kanlaon in Negron Oriental

____ 6. Which of the following volcanic eruptions is a stream-driven eruption as the

hot rocks come in contact with water.
A. Hydrothermal/Phreatic B. Phreatomagmatic
C. Strombolian D. Vulcanian

____ 7. Scientists who studies the process involved in the formation and eruptive
activity of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions.
A. Geologists B. Meteorologists C. Seismologists D. Volcanologists

____ 8. Which of the following is/are Composite or Stratovolcano?

I. Muna Loa III. Mayon Volcano

II. Mt. Pinatubo IV. Cerro Negro

A. I only B. II and III C. III and IV D. IV only

____ 9. Which type of volcano is formed from multiple eruptions thousands of years
apart, layered lava and volcanic materials, or composites of more than one
vent?
A. Cinder Cone B. Lava Dome C. Shield D. Stratovolcano
____ 10. Which statement is TRUE about Lava Dome Volcano?
A. Dominant volcanoes along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
B. Formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out.
C. Found within the crater or on the sides of large composite volcanoes.
D. They have a steep slope, wide crater and are the most abundant of the four
major volcano types.

____ 11. The excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials
just like our Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales is an example of what type of
eruption?
A. Hydrothermal/Phreatic B. Phreatomagmatic
C. Plinian D. Vulcanian

____ 12. What is the term that used to describe the reservoir of hot molten
materials inside the volcano?
A. Central Vent B. Flank Eruption
C. Magma Chamber D. Summit Caldera

____ 13. It is the magma that has been extruded during an eruption.
A. Lava B. Flank C. Vent D. Summit

____ 14. Which of the following service institute of the Government that is
principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic
phenomena?
A. DOST B. NASA C. PHILVOLCS D. PAGASA

____ 15. What is the largest volcano in the solar system and where is it found?
A. Cryovolcano on Enceladus, moon of Saturn
B. Hawaii’s Mauna Loa in Earth
C. Loki in Io Moon of Jupiter
D. Olympus Mons in Mars
 Jumpstart
You’ve probably heard in the news about volcanic eruptions, or you might
remember on January 12, 2020, the Taal Volcano awoke from 43 years of quiet and
began to spew gases, ash, and lava into the air. In the days and weeks that followed,
the eruption dropped a layer of unusually wet, heavy ash on the surrounding
landscape, withering vegetation and turning the lush fields and forests of Volcano
Island a ghostly gray.

Volcanoes erupt when magma, red-hot liquid rock, seeps up through a vent in
the earth. More violent eruptions occur when pyroclastic material – a mixture of
magma, rocks, ash, and hot gases – is exploded upward by pressure caused by
underground gases and magma. When magma flows above the surface of the earth,
it is called lava. Usually lava changes from bright red to duller red, gray, or black as
air causes it to cool and solidify.

Now, using the ideas presented above and your previous knowledge about
volcanoes, let us describe a volcano using the picture below.

Figure 1. http://www.clker.com/clipart-567040.html

Based on the picture, give five description of a volcano. Present your answer in a
concept map as shown below.

VOLCANO
 Discover
Volcano is a vent, hill or mountain from which molten or hot rocks with
gaseous material have been ejected. The Philippines sits on a unique tectonic setting
ideal to volcanism and earthquake activity. It is situated at the boundaries of two
tectonic plates – the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian plate – both of which
subduct or dive beneath the archipelago along the deep trenches along its east and
west seaboard.

Types of Volcano
The four major types of volcano are the stratovolcano (Composite), Shield
volcano, Lava dome, and Cinder cone volcano.

Figure 2. https://www.sciencefacts.net/types-of-volcanoes.html

A Composite or stratovolcano is formed by highly viscous or thick, slow

moving lava. It has steep upper slopes and relaxed lower slopes, a small crater at its
summit, and is packed with a large reservoir of magma caused by the heat and
pressure from tectonic plate movement. Stratovolcanoes are most dangerous, when
they explode, an area of the volcano may collapse, forming a larger crater and
depression called a caldera. Most volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire are
stratovolcanoes.

Composite or stratovolcanoes may have been formed from multiple eruptions

thousands of years apart, layered lave and volcanic materials, or composites of more
than one vent. During an eruption, lava is spewed out, followed by ash, and
pyroclastic materials which flow down the sides of the summit. Afterwards, thick lava
flows out and traps the ash and other materials on the steep slope. The magma from
composite volcanoes has high levels of dissolved gases and silica. Examples of
stratovolcanoes are the majestic Mayon Volcano, noted for its near perfect symmetric
cone; Mt. Pinatubo in Luzon; Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa; Mauna Loa in Hawaii; the
highest volcano on Earth; Mt. Vesuvius in Italy, noted for its destroying the ancient
city of Pompei; and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan.

A shield volcano is formed by loose and fluid lava that flows over each other.
The shield volcano is usually low and broad, resembling a warrior’s armored shield
or a gigantic blob. The lava does not shoot up high in the air in a violent explosion.
Instead, lava just flows and runs down the side of its crater, increasing the size of
the volcano. The magma of shield volcano contains lower amounts of dissolved gases
and silica. Examples of shield volcano are island volcanoes in Hawaii such as the
Kilauea, Mauna Kea, and Mauna Loa. Such volcanoes have a very large, Streep-
walled caldera on the summit.

A cinder cone also known as scoria cone, is formed by fluid lava that is
ejected because of high pressure that builds up in the magma chamber. Volcanic
eruptions of cinder cones are short-lived and appear like a wild fountain show of fiery
lava spewed high in the air. As the lava cools on its descent, the rocks break down
and form the steep conical landscape of the cinder volcano. Examples of cinder cone
volcanoes include Paricutin in Mexico; Mojave in the desert of California USA; Cerro
Negro an active cinder cone in Nicaragua; and Mount Fox in Queensland in Australia.

A lava dome volcanoes, these are relatively small, circular mounds formed as
the lava is too viscous to flow, which makes it piles over and around the vents. As
the lava oozes out, its outer surface cools and hardens, then shatters, spilling loose
fragments down its side. Lava domes are found within the crater or on the sides of
large composite volcanoes. Their height depends on the size of the composite
volcanoes they appear around.

Volcanoes are classified also as active, inactive or extinct. This classification

depends on the volcano’s history of activity. Active volcanoes exhibit volcanic activity
such as rumbling, crater glow, eruption, earthquakes within the last 10,000 years.
Inactive volcanoes show no historical record of eruption in the past 10, 000 years.
However, these volcanoes have the potential to erupt. As such, they are also referred
to as dormant or potentially active. While, extinct volcanoes have no record of
eruption. They do not have a magma supply.

Volcanic Eruptions
A volcanic eruptions is one of several forces that change the surface of the
Earth. Collisions between tectonic plates deform rocks and trigger a buildup of
temperature that causes the rocks to melt, creating magma. This buildup of thick
magma coupled with large amounts of dissolved gases from within a volcano
contributes to an explosive eruption of lava, ash, and rocks. Lesser amounts
dissolved gases, however, lead to effusive, nonexplosive eruption

The cloud of ash that comes out of the crater is called an ash plume. Carried
by the wind, the ash and other volcanic products can travel not just to nearby
communities but also to other countries. The intense heat of the magma can produce
the following dissolved gases during an eruption: water vapor, carbon dioxide,
hydrogen gas, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur
dioxide.

Among the types of eruptions are Phreatic or hydrothermal, Phreatomagmatic,

Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plinian.

Explore
Activity 1: Parts of a Volcano

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Label the parts of a volcano using the words listed in the word bank.
Write your answer in the box provided.

Magma pipe, Magma chamber, Sill, Central Vent, Ash cloud, Crater,
Bedrocks, Lava flow, Flank Dyke

1. 6.

2. 7.

8.
3.

9.
4.

5. 10.

Figure 3. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/301389400061913775/?autologin=true
 ACTIVITY 2: Word Search Puzzle

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Find and encircle the vocabulary words in the puzzle below. Look for
them in all directions including backwards and diagonally then use the encircled
words to answer the statements below.

M A Y O N V I O O P

I N A C T I V E O I

E O P A E N M M M N

E D R U V E E U Y A

I O O P I I V A Y T

E R U P T I O N T U

E R O A C O L A V B

A S S I A P C A W O

V A O V O O A S H A

C V O E A A N R F A

Q D F N F R O A G O

G E O T H E R M A L

__________ 1. A natural opening in the surface of the Earth where molten rocks, hot
gases, smoke, and ash are ejected .

__________ 2. Opening of the volcano where volcanic materials are released.

__________ 3. This are pulverized rocks, minerals, and volcanic glass.

__________ 4. A volcano found in Albay which also a good example of Stratovolcano

or a composite volcano.

__________ 5. The eruption of this volcano located in the Philippine was considered
as the second largest volcanic eruption in the 20 th century in terms of
amount of material blown out of the vent.

__________ 6. Volcanoes that exhibit activity such as rumbling, crater glow,

eruptions, earthquakes within the last 10, 000 years.

__________ 7. Those volcanoes that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years ago
based on analyses of their materials.

__________ 8. Volcanoes are the main source of this conventional energy. The steam
comes from reservoirs of hot water found a few miles or more below
the earth's surface. The steam rotates a turbine that activates a
generator, which produces electricity.

__________ 9. It happens when a lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent.

__________ 10. The largest volcano in the solar system is located in this planet.
ACTIVITY 3: Volcano Cryptogram

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Unscramble the words by placing the correct letter in the boxes. Use the
numbered boxes to complete the answer for the two riddles.

Riddle: #1 Some of the most spectacular features on Earth. They are large volcanic
craters that form by two different methods (by explosive volcanic eruption or due to
the collapse of surface rock into an empty magma chamber.

#2 Are mounds of lava formed after volcanic eruption. Its magma has high
levels of silica and low amounts of dissolved gases. They can form inside the crater
of the volcano or along its slopes.

1. HELSID S I 3 D

2. UPONERTI E 6 P T N

3. POETISMCO 1 12 M O I E

4. ICDERN C 4 E R

5. NOCASARTTVOLO 8 T 2 T V O L N O

6. PANINIL P I I N

7. ALVA L A 11 7

8. ENTV V 5 T

9. CATERR C R T E

10. GMAAM 13 A M

#1 Answer: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

#2 Answer:

3 2 11 2 4 12 13 5
 Deepen
ACTIVITY 4: Types of Volcanoes

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Describe each type of volcano using the key factors provided in the
activity.
Type of Shape Height Slope Magma and
Volcano Eruption
Characteristics
Cinder cone
(Scoria cone)
volcano

Shield
volcano

Composite or
Stratovolcano

Lava dome
volcano

https://owlcation.com/stem/4-Different-Types-of-Volcanoes-Cinder-Cones-Lava-Domes-Shield-and-Composite-Volcanoes

Guide Questions:

1. Rank, in order the four types of volcanoes from largest to smallest in terms of their
height.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
 2. What type of volcano has the steepest slope?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Which type of volcano will give the most explosive eruption?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Explain how the type of material extruded from a volcano affects the slope and its base?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. How will you describe the slope of Pinatubo Volcano based from this activity?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Activity 5: Volcanic Eruptions

Materials: Activity Sheet, Ballpen,

Part I. Procedure: Arrange the letters to form the correct words, which pertains to
the different types of volcanic eruptions. Write each characteristics in the table
provided below.

Jumbled Letters Types of Volcanic Characteristics

Eruptions
1. NIANLIP

2. TICREAPH

3. SMTBOLIROAN

4. VCALNUNIA

5. PETICAHRTOMAGMA

Guide Questions:

6. Based from your answer above, how will categorize the eruptions of Taal Volcano in
Batangas?
7. Which of the following is the most violent and explosive type of eruption?
8. Which type of eruption has “surges base” due to fine ash, high-speed and sideways
emission of pyroclastic materials?
9. The type of eruption with periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by
fountain lava is known as __________.
10. The type of eruption that is characterized by tall eruption columns that reach
up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ash fall.
 Activity 6: Draw Me!
Materials: Activity Sheet, Ballpen,

Procedure: Based from the activity 5, draw or illustrate to show what happens when
a volcano erupts under each types/categories.

Consider the following criteria which will serve as your guide in completing the given
task.

Criteria Points

Content 3

Achievement of Objective 3

Graphics-Relevance 2

Creativity 2

TOTAL 10

Types of Volcanic Drawing/Illustration

Eruptions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 Activity 7: Let’s Organize!

Materials: Activity Sheet, Ballpen,

Procedure: Fill in the missing types, eruptions and activities of volcanoes to complete
the entire concept.

Volcanoes

are classified according

to their types of:

Activities
Morphology

1
4 Inactive

5
Composite

Eruptions

6 7 8 9 10
 Gauge

Part 1. TRUE/FALSE Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write TRUE
if the statement is correct, and FALSE if not.

_____ 1. The Philippine is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

_____ 2. Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption or those that
erupted 10,000 years ago based on analysis of their materials.

_____ 3. Vent is a passageway through which magma travels to reach the Earth’s
surface.

_____ 4. A good example of composite or stratovolcano is the majestic Mayon

Volcano for its near perfect symmetric cone.

_____ 5. Extinct volcanoes show no historical record of eruption in the past 10,000
years. However, these volcanoes have the potential to erupt.

Part 2. Matching Type. Match the volcanoes with their Types of Eruption. Write the
correct letter in the blank provided before the number.

Column A Column B

_____ 6. Paricutin Volcano in Mexico A. Plinian Eruption

_____ 7. Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales B. Vulcanian Eruption

_____ 8. Taal Volcano in Batangas C. Phreatomagmatic Eruption

_____ 9. Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica D. Strombolian Eruption

_____ 10. Mt. Usu in Japan E. Phreatic/Hydrothermal

Part 3. Draw and describe the different types of volcanoes. Consider the following
criteria which will serve as your guide in completing the given task.

CRITERIA POINTS

Content 3

Achievement of Objective 3

Graphics- Relevance 2

Creativity 2

TOTAL 10
 Pre-Test: Activity 1: Activity 2 Activity 3:
1.D 11. C 1. Ash Cloud 1. Volcano 1. Shield
2.D 12. C 2. Crater 2. Vent 2. Eruption
3.C 13. A 3. Flank 3. Ash 3. Composite
4.C 14. C 4. Sill 4. Mayon 4. Cinder
5.B 15. D 5. Bedrocks 5. Pinatubo 5. Stratovolcano
6.A 6. Central Vent 6. Active 6. Plinian
7.D 7. Lava Flow 7. Inactive 7. Lava
8.B 8. Magma Pipe 8. Geothermal 8. Vent
9.D 9. Dyke 9. Eruption 9. Crater
10.C 10. Magma Chamber 10. Mars 10. Magma
Riddle #1 CALDERAS
Riddle #2 Lava Dome
Activity 4
Type of Magma and Eruption
Shape Height Slope
Volcano Characteristics
Cinder Symmetrica Up to 1,200 30-40 degrees Most are mafic and form from the
Cone, AKA l cone feet (370 gas-rich early stages of a shield- or
Scoria meters) rift-associated eruption
Cone
Shield Tall and Up to over Roughly 10 degrees Magma is almost always mafic, and
broad 30,000 feet near the base and 5 eruptions are typically effusive,
(9,000 degrees near the top although cinder cones are common
meters) on the flanks of shield volcanoes
Composite Tall, steep, Up to 8,000 Roughly 6 degrees Magma composition varies from
AKA and feet (2,400 near the base and felsic to mafic, and from explosive to
Strato symmetrical meters) roughly 30 degrees effusive
near the top
Lava Dome Up to 330 25-30 degrees Lava domes are formed by
Dome feet (100 viscous magma being erupted effusi
meters) vely onto the surface and then
piling up around the vent
Guide Questions:
1. Rank 1. Cinder Cone/Scoria Cone Volcano, Rank 2 Shield Volcano, Rank 3 Composite or
Stratovolcano, Rank 4 Lava Dome.
2. Composite/ Stratovolcano
3. Composite/ Stratovolcano
4. When materials are mostly solid, they tend to pile up around the vent forming a various base and a
steep slope.
5. Pinatubo volcano is a stratovolcano. In other words, it came from alternate solidification of lava and
cinders.
Answer Key
Activity 5: Volcanic Eruptions
Types of Eruptions Characteristics
1. Plinian Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic
2. Phreatic Is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with
water. It is short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be
an onset of a larger eruption.
3. Strombolian A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain
lava.
4. Vulcanian Characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km
high with pyroclastic flow and ash fall tephra.
5. Phreatomagmatic Is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and
magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high
speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic called base surges
are observed.
Guide Question:
6. Plinian Eruption
7. Phreatic/Hydrothermal Eruption
8. Phreatomagmatic Eruption
9. Strombolian
10. Vulcanian
Activity 7: Let’s Organize
1-3 Cinder/Scoria Volcano
Lava Dome, Shield Volcano
Shield Volcano
4-5 Extinct
Active
6-10 Plinian
Hydrothermal/ Phreatic
Strombolian
Phreatomagmatic
Vulcanian
Gauge:
1. TRUE 6. B
2. TRUE 7. A
3. FALSE 8. E
4. TRUE 9. D
5. FALSE 10.C
References
Learner’s Module, K-12 Grade 9 Science (Third Quarter, Science 9).

Exploring Life through Science Series. 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. Phoenix
Pub. House Inc., 2018.

Essential Atlas of Physical Geography. Parramon’s Editorial Team. Barron’s

Educational Series, Inc. 2006.

Earth and Life Sciences. 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila. Rex Book
Store, Inc. 2016.

https://geology.com/articles/caldera/

http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/mountains/volcanotypes.html

http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/volcanology/Introduction.pdf

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/introduction-to-
volcanoes

https://www.abcteach.com/documents/clip-art-geology-volcano-2-color-labeled-i-
abcteachcom-30399

https://owlcation.com/stem/4-Different-Types-of-Volcanoes-Cinder-Cones-Lava-
Domes-Shield-and-Composite-Volcanoes

https://www.vmgd.gov.vu/vmgd/index.php/geohazards/volcano/volcano-
info/types-of-volcanoes-eruptions