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JCPP v7n4p135 Fa
JCPP v7n4p135 Fa
3
اﻟﻬﺎم رﻣﻀﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاﻧﯽ ،1ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻌﻠﯽ اﻟﻔﺘﯽ *2و ﺗﯿﻤﻮر رﺿﻮيﭘﻮر
ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ
ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ دارا ﺑﻮدن درﺻﺪ زﯾﺎد آب و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﭘﯿﺪرﻣﯽ ﻧﺎزك و ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ،ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺳﺒﺰيﻫﺎ دارﻧﺪ .ﻫﺪف از
ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ،دﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻗﺎرچ دﮐﻤﻪاي ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري آن ﺑﻮد .ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫــﺎي
آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو دﻣﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري 4و 25درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ،دو ﻧﻮع ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻇﺮوف ﺷﻔﺎف و ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﯾﻞ و ﭼﻬــﺎر ﻧــﻮع ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳــﺖ
)ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﮐﻮد ﻣﺮﻏﯽ ،ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﮐﻮد اﺳﺒﯽ ،ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﮐﻮد ﻣﺮﻏﯽ ،ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ زﯾﺘﻮن( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ .ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ درﺻــﺪ ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ
وزن ،ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺷﺪن ،درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎدة ﺧﺸﮏ ،ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐﻞ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ 7روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه در دﻣﺎي اﺗــﺎق
] [ DOR: 20.1001.1.22518517.1396.7.4.1.2
) 25درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد( و 25روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه در ﯾﺨﭽﺎل ) 4درﺟﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔــﺮاد( ارزﯾــﺎﺑﯽ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ .ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎي
ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ زﯾﺘﻮن ،ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ) 11/62درﺻﺪ( را در دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎق ﻧﺸــﺎن دادﻧــﺪ .ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎي
ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ زﯾﺘﻮن ،ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ را در دﻣﺎي ﯾﺨﭽﺎل و اﺗﺎق زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻇــﺮف
ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﯾﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ،ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ زﯾﺘﻮن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺟﻬــﺖ
اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري ﻗﺎرچ دﮐﻤﻪاي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي اﺳﺖ.
1و .2ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ و اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ،ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﯽ ،داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن
] [ DOI: 10.29252/jcpp.7.4.135
۱۳۵
ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ /ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ /ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ /ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ۱۳۹۶
ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ،ﻧــﮋاد ،ﺷــﯿﻮه ﻓــﺮآوري ﭘــﺲ از ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺘﻔــﺎوت اﺳــﺖ ) 5و .(31 در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﺑﯿﺶ از 70ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ
ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ در ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔــﺬار ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد اﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل 1410ﺑﻪ 100ﻣﯿﻠﯿــﻮن
ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﻗﯿﻖ دﻣﺎ و رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ .ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺑــﺎ اﻓــﺰاﯾﺶ روزاﻓــﺰون ﺟﻤﻌﯿــﺖ و
ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﯿﺴﺮﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ ).(27 ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﮕــﻮي ﻣﺼــﺮف ،ﻣﺴــﺌﻠﻪ ﻏــﺬا در آﯾﻨــﺪه ﻧﺰدﯾــﮏ ﯾﮑــﯽ از
دﻣﺎ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﺒﺎرﻣــﺎﻧﯽ و ﺣﻔــﻆ
ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر و ﻓﻘﺮ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗــﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺤــﺮانﻫــﺎي
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ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻴ ﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻗﺎﺭﭺ ...
ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ
ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ
ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻃﯽ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1393در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠــﻮم ﺑﺎﻏﺒــﺎﻧﯽ
داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ .در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷــﺪه
در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖﺳﺎزي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪت ) 22روزه( و از ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐــﻪ
ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺒﻮل و ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ رﺳﯿﺪه ﺑﻮد )ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ
] [ Downloaded from jcpp.iut.ac.ir on 2023-02-15
) (8) (Bakhshi and Arakawaاﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ .ﺑﻪاﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ،در اﺑﺘﺪا اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻘﺪار ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮم از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻗﺎرچ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﭘﻮدر
و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘــﺮ ﺣــﻼل اﺳــﺘﺨﺮاج ،ﻣﺘﺸــﮑﻞ از 80درﺻــﺪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ
ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل و 20درﺻﺪ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ،ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ .آنﮔــﺎه ﻋﺼــﺎره درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن
ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 24ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﯾﺨﭽﺎل ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﭼﻬــﺎر ﺑــﻪﻣﻨﻈــﻮر ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ درﺻــﺪ ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ وزن از راﺑﻄــﻪ زﯾــﺮ )(20
درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﭘﺲ از رﯾﺨﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪن در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ:
ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺗﯿــﻮپ ﺑــﺎ دور 10000ﺑــﻪﻣــﺪت 10دﻗﯿﻘــﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮژ )(1
) (MERMLE: Z233M-2ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. × 100وزن اوﻟﯿﻪ)/وزن ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ -وزن اوﻟﯿﻪ( = درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن
ﭘــﺲ از اﺳــﺘﺨﺮاج ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎت ﻓﻨــﻮﻟﯽ ،ﻣﯿــﺰان ﻓﻨــﻮل ﮐــﻞ در
ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﻓﻮﻟﯿﻦ -ﺳــﯿﻮﮐﺎﻟﭽﻮ) (Folin-Ciocalteuاﻧﺠــﺎم ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺷﺪن
] [ DOI: 10.29252/jcpp.7.4.135
ﺷﺪ ) .(39اﺑﺘﺪا 50ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﺘــﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ ﺑــﺎ آب ﻣﻘﻄــﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﺷﺪت وﺟﻮد ﻟﮑﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﻬﻮهاي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ دﯾﺪاري و ﺑﺎ ﭘــﻨﺞ درﺟــﻪ
ﺣﺠــﻢ 200ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘــﺮ رﺳــﺎﻧﺪه و 1000ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘــﺮ ﻓــﻮﻟﯿﻦ 10 )ﺑﺪون ﻟﮑــﻪ ،داراي ﻟﮑــﻪ ﮐــﻢ ،ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ،زﯾــﺎد و ﺷــﺪﯾﺪ( ﺗﻌﯿــﯿﻦ
درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ .ﭘﺲ از 5دﻗﯿﻘﻪ از اﻓﺰودن ﻓﻮﻟﯿﻦ ،ﻣﻘــﺪار ﺷﺪ ).(40
137
ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ /ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ /ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ /ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ۱۳۹۶
ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روزﻫﺎي ﺳﻮم و ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺴﻮس ﻧﺒﻮد .در روز ﺑﯿﺴــﺖ 800ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﺳــﺪﯾﻢ %7/5ﻧﯿــﺰ اﺿــﺎﻓﻪ ﺷــﺪ .ﻣﺤﻠــﻮل
وﭘﻨﺠﻢ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎ ﻣﻌﻨــﯽدار ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﻪﻣــﺪت 90دﻗﯿﻘــﻪ در ﺗــﺎرﯾﮑﯽ و در دﻣــﺎي اﺗــﺎق
ﻧﺒﻮد وﻟﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾــﮏ درﺻــﺪ ﻣﻌﻨــﯽدار ﻧﮕﻬــﺪاري و آﻧﮕــﺎه ﻣﯿــﺰان ﺟــﺬب ﻋﺼــﺎره ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ دﺳــﺘﮕﺎه
ﺑﻮد .ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در ﻇﺮف ﺷــﻔﺎف ﮐﻤﺘــﺮﯾﻦ درﺻــﺪ اﺳﭙﮑﺘﺮوﻓﻮﺗﻮﻣﺘﺮ ) UV/Visﻣﺪل (T80 + PG Instrumentﻗﺮاﺋﺖ
ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن در روز ﺑﯿﺴﺖوﭘﻨﺠﻢ ) (%5/28را ﻧﺸــﺎن دادﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺷﺪ .در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ،ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐﻞ از روي ﻣﯿــﺰان ﺟــﺬب ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ و
اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در ﻇﺮف ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم اﺳــﯿﺪﮔﺎﻟﯿــﮏ در ﯾــﮏ
] [ Downloaded from jcpp.iut.ac.ir on 2023-02-15
ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﯾﻞ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول .(1 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎزه ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ.
ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﯽرﻏﻢ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ اﺛﺮ
ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روزﻫــﺎي ﺳــﻮم و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ
ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿــﺐ در ﺳــﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤــﺎل ﭘــﻨﺞ درﺻــﺪ و ﯾــﮏ درﺻــﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺧﻨﺜﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﯽ
ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد وﻟﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف ﺑﺮ اﯾــﻦ ﺻــﻔﺖ ﻣﻌﻨــﯽدار ﻧﺒــﻮد. رادﯾﮑﺎل آزاد (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) DPPHﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ
ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ و ﮐــﻮد ﻣﺮﻏــﯽ ﺷﺪ ) .(11ﺑﺮاي اﯾــﻦ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮر اﺑﺘــﺪا ﺑــﻪ 100ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘـﺮ ﻋﺼــﺎره
ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن در روزﻫﺎي ﺳﻮم و ﻫﻔﺘﻢ )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿــﺐ ﻣﺘــﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ 900 ،ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘــﺮ ﻣﺤﻠــﻮل 0/1 DPPHﻧﺮﻣــﺎل اﺿــﺎﻓﻪ
%3/09و (%6/19را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨــﯽداري ﺑــﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﻢ زده ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪﻣــﺪت
ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟــﻪ زﯾﺘــﻮن 15دﻗﯿﻘﻪ در دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎق و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪﺣﺎﻟــﺖ
ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول .(2 ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺬب ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳــﺘﮕﺎه
ﺣﻔﻆ آب ﻣﯿﻮهﻫﺎ و ﺳﺒﺰيﻫــﺎ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ ﭘــﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷــﺖ، اﺳــﭙﮑﺘﺮوﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮ ) UV/Visﻣــﺪل (T80 + PG Instrumentدر
ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ،ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻧﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻃــﻮل ﻣــﻮج 517ﻧــﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺮاﺋــﺖ ﺷــﺪ .در ﻧﻬﺎﯾــﺖ ،ﻇﺮﻓﯿــﺖ
ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﺷﺪن آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻌﺮق و آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ راﺑﻄﻪ زﯾﺮ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت درﺻــﺪ ﺑﺎزدارﻧــﺪﮔﯽ
] [ DOR: 20.1001.1.22518517.1396.7.4.1.2
ﺗﻨﻔﺲ در ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺑﺎﻏﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ DPPHﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ.
) .(17ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت در ﻃﯽ دوره اﻧﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ،ﺑﻪدﻟﯿــﻞ از %DPPHsc ={(Acont – Asamp) /Acont} × 100
: %DPPHscدرﺻــﺪ ﺑﺎزدارﻧــﺪﮔﯽ :Asamp ،ﻣﯿــﺰان ﺟــﺬب
دﺳﺖ دادن آب ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻓﺮآﯾﻨــﺪﻫﺎي ﺗــﻨﻔﺲ و ﺗﻌــﺮق ﺑــﻪوﻗــﻮع
)ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ (DPPH +و : Acontﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺬب DPPHاﺳﺖ.
ﻣﯽﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪد ) .(21ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ،اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣــﯽرود ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ دﻣــﺎ ﺑــﻪﻫﻤــﺮاه
ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ،از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ و ﺗﻌﺮق ﺑﺎﻓﺖ
ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ آﻣﺎري
ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﻔﻆ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ دروﻧﯽ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ ﺟﻠــﻮﮔﯿﺮي از
ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ آﻣﺎري دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧــﺮماﻓــﺰار ،SAS 9.0ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ
ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن آﻧﻬﺎ در روزﻫﺎي ﺳﻮم و ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎ آزﻣــﻮن ﺗــﻮﮐﯽ ،ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﻣﯿــﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛــﺮات
Excel ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن Lsmeansو رﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧــﺮماﻓــﺰار
ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺷﺪن ﺑﺎﻓﺖ
اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻧﮓ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ
ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺷﺪن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳــﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷــﺖ .در دﻣــﺎي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ
] [ DOI: 10.29252/jcpp.7.4.135
138
ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻴ ﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻗﺎﺭﭺ ...
ﺟﺪول .1ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روز ﺑﯿﺴﺖوﭘﻨﺠﻢ
5/28b ﺷﻔﺎف
ﺣﺮوف ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﺘﻮن ،ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 1درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻮﮐﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺟﺪول .2ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ
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ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ )درﺻﺪ( ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن در روز ﺳﻮم )درﺻﺪ( ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ
ﺣﺮوف ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﺘﻮن ،ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 5درﺻﺪ و 1درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻮﮐﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
] [ DOR: 20.1001.1.22518517.1396.7.4.1.2
ﺷﮑﻞ .2ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻧﮓ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در دﻣﺎي ﯾﺨﭽﺎل و در ﻇﺮف ﺷﻔﺎف
)ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ از راﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﭗ در روز ﺳﻮم ،ﻫﻔﺘﻢ و ﺑﯿﺴﺖوﭘﻨﺠﻢ(
] [ DOI: 10.29252/jcpp.7.4.135
ﺷﮑﻞ .3ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻧﮓ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در دﻣﺎي ﯾﺨﭽﺎل و در ﻇﺮف ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﯾﻞ
)ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ از راﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﭗ در روز ﺳﻮم ،ﻫﻔﺘﻢ و ﺑﯿﺴﺖوﭘﻨﺠﻢ(
139
ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ /ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ /ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ /ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ۱۳۹۶
ﺷﺪن در ﻇﺮف ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد )ﺷﮑﻞ 4و .(5
ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺷــﺪن ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ دو ﻣﮑــﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﻣﺘﻔــﺎوت از
اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺳﯿﻮن ﻓﻨﻮل رخ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ :اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷــﺪن ﺗﯿﺮوزﯾﻨــﺎز ﮐــﻪ
آﻧﺰﯾﻤــﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠــﻖ ﺑــﻪ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده ﭘﻠــﯽﻓﻨــﻮلاﮐﺴــﯿﺪاز اﺳــﺖ و ب(
اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮدي ) .(34ﻫﻮاﺟﻮﻟﯿﮓ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران )(23
ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از دﺳﺖ دادن آب ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ،ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧـﺰﯾﻢ
ﺷﮑﻞ .4ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻧﮓ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و در
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ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد وﻟﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد .ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش
دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪ ،اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾــﺎﯾﯽ ﻣــﺮﺗﺒﻂ
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ زﯾﺘﻮن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي اﺳﺖ.
ﺧﺸﮏ در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ %9/15و (%11/62را در ﯾﺨﭽﺎل
و اﺗــﺎق ﻧﺸــﺎن دادﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ اﺧــﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨــﯽداري ﺑــﺎ ﻗﺎرچﻫــﺎي
درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ
ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤــﺎل ﯾــﮏ درﺻــﺪ
ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ
داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول .(4ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ازﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه
درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روز ﺳﻮم ،در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﭘــﻨﺞ
در دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎق ،در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ،ﻻزم ﺷــﺪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾــﻪ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧــﻪاي ﻧﯿــﺰ
درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ دﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد .ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎي
ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﯾﺨﭽﺎل ﺗﺎ روز ﺑﯿﺴﺖوﭘﻨﺠﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ
ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟـﻪ زﯾﺘــﻮن ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ
اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﯿﺎﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ.
درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ در روز ﺳﻮم ) (%10/88را در ﻇﺮف ﺷــﻔﺎف
رواﺑﻂ آﺑﯽ ،ﺗﻤﺎم ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ را ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ و
ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در
ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط دارﻧﺪ ،ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار
ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول .(3
] [ DOI: 10.29252/jcpp.7.4.135
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ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻴ ﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻗﺎﺭﭺ ...
ﺟﺪول .3ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روز ﺳﻮم و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐﻞ
در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري
ﺣﺮوف ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ،ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 5درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم و
ﮐﻮد ﻣﺮﻏﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺟﺪول .4ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ دﻣﺎ و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻮل ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﮐﻞ در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري
] [ DOR: 20.1001.1.22518517.1396.7.4.1.2
ﺣﺮوف ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ،ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل %1ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﮐﻮد
ﻣﺮﻏﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
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ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ /ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ /ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ /ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ۱۳۹۶
زﯾﺘﻮن ﺑﻮده و در ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي روﻏﻦ زﯾﺘﻮن ﻓﺮاوان ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ،ﺷﺪت ﺗﻨﻔﺲ در ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ
) %10ﮐﻞ وزن زﯾﺘــﻮن( ) .(24ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎت ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد در ﺑــﺮگﻫــﺎي ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺳــﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫــﺪ ﺷــﺪ .ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽﻫــﺎي ﭘــﺲ از
زﯾﺘﻮن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳــﮑﻮرﯾﺪود )ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ اﻟﺌــﻮروﭘﯿﻦ ،ﻟﯿﮕﺴﺘﺮوﺳــﯿﺪ ،دي ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳــﺖ
ﻣﺘﯿﻞ اوﻟﺌﻮروﭘﯿﻦ و اﻟﺌﻮزﯾــﺪ( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎت ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿــﺪي ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ زﯾﺘﻮن ،ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑــﻪﺟــﺰ در
ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﭘﯿﺠﻨﯿﻦ ،ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻔﺮول ،ﻟﻮﺗﺌﯿﻦ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﯽ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ اﺳــﯿﺪ روز ﺳﻮم و ﻇﺮف ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﯾﻞ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﺎن داراي ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ
ﮐﺎﻓﺌﯿﮏ ،ﺗﯿﺮوزول و ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴﯽ ﺗﯿﺮوزوزل ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ .اوﻟﺌــﻮروﭘﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.
] [ Downloaded from jcpp.iut.ac.ir on 2023-02-15
)ﺟﺪول .(6 در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺷــﺪن
ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐــﻪ اﺛــﺮ ﺑﺴــﺘﺮ ﮐﺸــﺖ ﺑــﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿــﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد .ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي زﯾﺘﻮن ﻣﺤﺼــﻮل ﺟــﺎﻧﺒﯽ درﺧــﺖ
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ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻴ ﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻗﺎﺭﭺ ...
ﺟﺪول .5ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐﻞ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روز ﺳﻮم و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐﻞ روز ﺳﻮم ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ
)درﺻﺪ( )ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم اﺳﯿﺪﮔﺎﻟﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ(
50/73 ab
0/103a ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم +ﮐﻮد ﻣﺮﻏﯽ
ﺣﺮوف ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﺘﻮن ،ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 1درﺻﺪ و 5درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻮﮐﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ) .(35ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﭘـﺲ از آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روز ﻫﻔﺘﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ
ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳــﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد وﻟﯽ اﺛﺮ دﻣﺎ و ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد .ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎي
ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ زﯾﺘﻮن ،در روز ﺳﻮم ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐﻞ ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟــﻪ زﯾﺘــﻮن ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ
ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺟﺪول ،(5ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴــﯿﺪاﻧﯽ در روز ﻫﻔــﺘﻢ ) (%55/67را داﺷــﺘﻨﺪ اﻣــﺎ
ﭘــﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ در ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳــﺖﻫــﺎ داﺷــﺘﻨﺪ .در روز ﻫﻔــﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ
ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮديﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐــﻞ در ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎي ﭘــﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ در ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺟﺪول .(5
ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳــﺖ ﮐﻠــﺶ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ و ﺗﻔﺎﻟــﻪ زﯾﺘــﻮن ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﻗــﺎرچﻫــﺎي از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ درﺧــﺖ زﯾﺘــﻮن ،ﺑــﺮگﻫــﺎي آن
ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ،ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎ و ﻧــﻮع ﻇــﺮف ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺧﻨﺜــﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﯽ ﺑــﺮ
ﻣﺘﻐﯿـــﺮ ﺑـــﻮد )ﺟـــﺪولﻫـــﺎي 3و (4اﻣـــﺎ در ﻫﻤـــﯿﻦ روز رادﯾﮑﺎلﻫــﺎي آزاد را دارﻧــﺪ ) .(24از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎت ﻣﻬــﻢ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از
] [ DOR: 20.1001.1.22518517.1396.7.4.1.2
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎرچﻫــﺎي ﭘﺮورشﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ در ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﺰ اﻟﺌﻮروﭘﯿﻦ )ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻘﺪار زﯾﺎدي در ﺑــﺮگ زﯾﺘــﻮن وﺟــﻮد
ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ .اﯾﻦ اﻣــﺮ اﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻻً ﺑــﻪ ﻧــﻮع دارد( ،ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴـــﯽ ﺗﯿـــﺮوزول اﺳـــﺖ ﮐـــﻪ داراي ﺧـــﻮاص
ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﯽ و ﻗﺪرت آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴــﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از آن ﻣــﯽﺗﻮاﻧــﺪ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و آﻧﺘﯽﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﻗﻮي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻫﺮ دو اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت
ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. داراي دو ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺎﺗﮑﻮل ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﯽ
رادﯾﮑﺎلﻫﺎي آزاد ﯾﺎ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ ).(10
از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـــﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴـــﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑـــﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﻧﯿـــﺰ ﺑﺮﺧـــﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧـــﺪ. ﮔﻨــﺪم و ﮐــﻮد اﺳــﺒﯽ و ﮐﻠــﺶ ﺑــﺮﻧﺞ و ﮐــﻮد ﻣﺮﻏــﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿــﺖ
143
ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ /ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ /ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ /ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ۱۳۹۶
ﺟﺪول .6ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ دﻣﺎ ،ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ در روز ﺳﻮم ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ روز ﺳﻮم )درﺻﺪ( ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف دﻣﺎ
ﯾﺨﭽﺎل
ﻣﺤﯿﻂ
] [ DOR: 20.1001.1.22518517.1396.7.4.1.2
ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻇﺮف ﺑــﺮ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪاري ﻗــﺎرچ دﮐﻤــﻪاي
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Journal of Crop Production and Processing
Vol. 7, No. 4, Winter 2018, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract
The storage life of mushrooms is less than the other vegetables due mainly to high water contents and a porous and thin
epidermal structure. This research was aimed at obtaining a suitable compost combination and an optimal condition of
maintenance for increase the storage life of button mushroom. The experimental factors consisted of two maintenance
temperatures (4°C and 25°C), two types of packages (transparent and covered with foil) and four types of composts (wheat
straw and chicken manure, wheat straw and horse manure, rice straw and chicken manure, rice straw and olive bagasse).
Attributes such as percent of weight loss, browning area, percent of dry matter, total phenol and antioxidant capacity of
stored samples were assessed 7 days after harvest in room temperature and 25 days after harvest in refrigerator
temperature. Mushrooms grown in rice straw and olive bagasse compost had the highest dry matter (11.62%), when stored
in room temperature. Mushrooms grown in rice straw and olive bagasse compost had the highest antioxidant capacity in
[ DOR: 20.1001.1.22518517.1396.7.4.1.2 ]
both refrigerator and room temperatures when stored in the package covered with foil. According to our results, rice straw
and olive bagasse compost is potent to increase the storage life of the button mushroom and merits further studies.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
1, 2. Former MSc. Student and Assistant Professor, Respectively, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of
Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran.
*. Corresponding Author, Email: jamalaliolfati@gmail.com
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