ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION

DOCUMENTATION ON
“FRIIS TRANSMISSION EQUATION”

Prepared by:
1) B. JATHIN (20KB1A0425)
2) CH. ANUSHA (20KB1A0430)
3) D. LAHARI (20KB1A0437)
4) G. YASHWANTH (20KB1A0453)
III-ECE-A
NBKRIST
 FRIIS TRANSMISSION EQUATION
Aim: To calculate the receiver power by varying one parameter and keeping all
other parameters constant.

Tools required: RF Friis Transmission Calculator

Introduction: A common task in radio systems applications is to determine the

power delivered to a receiver due to a distant transmitter. The scenario is shown in
Figure 1.

Figure 1.
A transmitter delivers power Pt to an antenna which has gain Gt in the direction of
the receiver. The receiver’s antenna has gain Gt. As always, antenna gain is equal to
directivity times radiation efficiency, so Gt and Gr account for losses internal to the
antenna, but not losses due to impedance mismatch.

A simple expression for Pr can be derived as follows. First, let us assume “free space
conditions”; that is, let us assume that the intervening terrain exhibits negligible
absorption, reflection, or other scattering of the transmitted signal. In this case, the
spatial power density at range R from the transmitter which radiates this power
through a lossless and isotropic antenna would be:

Pt
2
4π R
That is, total transmitted power divided by the area of a sphere of radius R through
which all the power must flow. The actual power density  Si  is this amount times the
gain of the transmit antenna, i.e.:
Pt
S= Gr
i
4 π R2

The maximum received power is the incident co-polarized power density times the
effective aperture Ae of the receive antenna:

Pr =Ae SiCO
Pt
=Ae 2 Gt (1)
4π R
This assumes that the receive antenna is co-polarized with the incident electric field,
and that the receiver is conjugate-matched to the antenna. The effective aperture
can also be expressed in terms of the gain Gr of the receive antenna:
λ2
Ae= Gr
4π

Thus, Equation 1 may be written in the following form:

Assumptions:
Case(1):-
Let us assume,
Pt =50 k W
Gt = 2
Gr = 2
f = 5.08 GHz => λ=59.0143 m

Case(2):-
Let us assume,
 Gt = 2
Gr = 2
f = 5.08 GHz => λ=59.0143 m
R = 10Km

Case(3):-
Let us assume,
Pt =50 k W
Gr = 2
f = 5.08 GHz => λ=59.0143 m
R = 10Km

Case(4):-
Let us assume,
Pt =50 k W
Gt = 2
Gr = 2
R = 10Km

Tabular Column:
Case(1):-
S.NO. Distance R (km) Power at the receiving
antenna Pr (mW)
1. 10 27.727
2. 17 9.594
3. 20 6.932
4. 25 4.436
5. 30 3.081
6. 35 2.263
7. 40 1.733
8. 45 1.369
9. 55 0.917
10. 61 0.745
11. 70 0.566
12. 79 0.444
13. 84 0.393
14. 90 0.342
15. 96 0.301
Case(2):-
S.NO. Power at the Power at the receiving
transmitting antenna Pt antenna Pr (mW)
(kW)
1. 10 5.545
2. 15 8.318
3. 20 11.091
4. 25 13.864
5. 30 16.636
6. 35 19.409
7. 40 22.182
8. 45 24.954
9. 55 30.500
10. 67 37.154
11. 75 41.591
12. 80 44.363
13. 85 47.136
14. 90 49.909
15. 95 52.682

Case(3):-
S.NO. Gain at the transmitting Power at the receiving
antenna Gt (dB) antenna Pr (mW)
1. 2 27.727
2. 5 55.323
3. 7 87.681
4. 10 174.947
5. 13 349.064
6. 16 696.475
7. 18 1103.838
8. 22 2772.715
9. 26 6964.745
10. 28 11038.378
11. 30 17494.650
12. 33 34906.415
13. 35 55322.939
14. 36 69647.454
15. 39 138964.941
Case(4):-
S.NO. Wavelength λ (m) Power at the receiving
antenna Pr (mW)
1. 300 716.528
2. 100 79.614
3. 60 28.661
4. 43 14.721
5. 30 7.165
6. 21 3.511
7. 19 2.874
8. 15 1.791
9. 12 1.146
10. 11 0.963
11. 10 0.796
12. 9 0.645
13. 8 0.510
14. 7 0.390
15. 6 0.287

Graph:

Case(1):-
 R vs Pr
30

25

20
Pr (mW)

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

R (km)

Case(2):-

Pt vs Pr
60

50

40
Pr (mW)

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pt (kW)

Case(3):-
 Gt vs Pr
160000

140000

120000

100000
Pr (mW)

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Gt (dB)

Case(4):-

λ vs Pr
800

700

600

500
Pr (mW)

400

300

200

100

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
λ (m)

Conclusion:
The purposes of this work was to identify how the power at the receiver
changes by varying one parameter of the antennas and keeping others constant.
Here we have found that,
 The power at the receiver antenna ( Pr ) exponentially decays with increasing
the distance (R) between the antennas.
 The power at the receiver antenna ( Pr ) increases linearly with increase in the
output power of the transmitting antenna ( Pr ).
 The power at the receiver antenna ( Pr ) exponentially increases with
increasing the gain of the transmitting antenna (Gr), and wavelength ( λ ).
By keeping respective other parameters constant.