A novel design algorithm for multifunctional drawing table

Guo Yuqi Kong Weimiao Liu Yuming

School of Mechanical and Electrical School of Mechanical and Electrical School of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Northwest A&F Engineering, Northwest A&F Engineering, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, China, 712100, University, Yangling, China, 712100 University, Yangling, China, 712100
guoyuqi000511@nwafu.edu.cn,
Corresponding author

Zhang Yang Jia Chuandi Xu Hanfei

School of Mechanical and Electrical School of Mechanical and Electrical School of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Northwest A&F Engineering, Northwest A&F Engineering, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, China, 712100 University, Yangling, China, 712100 University, Yangling, China, 712100

ABSTRACT
At present, although computer graphics and three-dimensional
modeling design are becoming more and more popular, manual me-
chanical drawing, as one of the basic skills necessary for designers,
still cannot be ignored. Therefore, the drawing table is one of the
necessary tools for engineering designers. There are many types
of drawing desks on the market, but the large multi-function is
single, there are various defects, or multiple functions cannot be
coordinated and used together. For example, the existing drawing
desk only has the function of adjusting the elevation angle, and
cannot be adjusted quickly and conveniently during use, which
brings great trouble to the user. At the same time, although some
drawing tables have added storage tables and storage devices, draw-
ing tools and practical books are still placed on the desktop, and the Figure 1: Drawing table No. 0 before folding (a); Drawing ta-
height of the tables and chairs cannot be adjusted, which will be ble No. 1 after folding (b)
very inconvenient for different people to use. It is precisely for the
above reasons, in order to make the most of the drawing table and
play its due role, the product design concept of "multi-functional 2021), January 28–30, 2021, Stanford, CA, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA,
and practical drawing table" is proposed. 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3448734.3450930

CCS CONCEPTS 1 DESIGN PLAN

• CCS –> Computing methodologies –> Modeling and sim-
ulation –> Model development and analysis –> Modeling
methodologies;
KEYWORDS
Multifunctional drawing table, design algorithm
ACM Reference Format:
Guo Yuqi, Kong Weimiao, Liu Yuming, Zhang Yang, Jia Chuandi, and Xu
Hanfei. 2021. A novel design algorithm for multifunctional drawing table. In
The 2nd International Conference on Computing and Data Science (CONFCDS
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or
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CONFCDS 2021, January 28–30, 2021, Stanford, CA, USA
© 2021 Association for Computing Machinery.
ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-8957-0/21/01. . . $15.00
https://doi.org/10.1145/3448734.3450930
1.1 Table rotation and folding
One of the features of this work is that the desktop can be rotated
from the "0" plate to the "1" plate according to the needs of the
designer’s design drawings. And while the desktop becomes smaller,
a board is folded below the main board to form a desk drawer.
1.2 Desktop elevation adjustment
During the use of the drawing table, the elevation angle of the
desktop is limited by a row of arc-shaped limit holes arranged on
the left and right sides of the desktop, while the arc-shaped limit
holes are controlled by connecting rods to reach the limit. The
specific structure is shown in Figure 2
1.3 Table lift
In order to realize the lifting of the desktop, an old-fashioned vehicle-
mounted portable jack is used on both sides of the table to realize
the lifting adjustment, and the parallel four-bar linkage is used to
ensure the synchronous lifting of the two lifts. The adjustment
effect of desktop height adjustment is shown in Figure 3. When in
CONFCDS 2021, January 28–30, 2021, Stanford, CA, USA
Figure 2: The arc limit hole of the desktop elevation angle adjustment mechanism (a); the linkage mechanism between the arc
limit holes (b)
Figure 3: Table height adjustment effect diagram (a); parallel four-bar mechanism between jacks (b)
use, two handles need to be shaken at the same time, and the parallel
four bars ensure synchronization, and overcome the difference in
height between left and right caused by human factors.
1.4 New mobile casters
In order to better facilitate the use and layout of classrooms by
students and teachers, the multifunctional drawing table designed
this time uses new movable casters. The advantage of the caster is
that when the caster is fixed, the wheel is pushed up to ensure the
stability of the table during the drawing process, thereby ensuring
the accuracy and quality of the drawing. The relative position
changes of the table bottom wheels before and after lifting are
shown in Figure 4
1.5 Freely moving tray
It is one of the main features of the multi-function drawing table
to configure the loading tray that can be moved at will. The tray
Yuqi Guo et al.
is fixed at the end of a multi-degree-of-freedom space link, which
is composed of three rods to realize the adjustment of its height
and distance. At the same time, a parallelogram mechanism is used
to ensure that the tray is always in a horizontal position. In or-
der to enable the carrier tray to stay in the required position, a
corresponding self-locking device is used at the end of the tray to
achieve the self-locking of the system, so as to achieve the purpose
of staying on the carrier tray, as shown in Figure. 5.
1.6 Smart lighting system
In order to achieve the purpose of saving electricity and to change
the brightness of the light according to the conditions of the external
environment, an intelligent lighting system with independent lights
is set on the drawing table. The configured system can realize the
functions of lights on when people come and lights off when people
go. At the same time, with the help of the intelligent adjustment
of the system, the light can be adjusted automatically with the
A novel design algorithm for multifunctional drawing table CONFCDS 2021, January 28–30, 2021, Stanford, CA, USA

Figure 4: The position of the bottom wheel of the table before lifting (a); the position of the bottom wheel after lifting (b)

Figure 5: The loading tray of the multifunctional drawing table (a); the intelligent lighting system of the multifunctional
drawing table (b)

surrounding brightness, effectively protecting the eyesight of the Where ds represents the diameter of the bolt shear surface, m rep-
user. resents the number of bolt shear surface, m=1, andds = d + 1 =
6 + 1 = 7mm.
2 ALGORITHM DESIGN d) Allowable shear stress of a single bolt [τ ]
2.1 Mechanical strength check σs 180
[τ1 ] = = = 72MPa
Design known data: The design mainly considers the pressure [S S ] 2.5
on the desktop, and considers the concentrated force F N acting e) Single bolt extrusion stress σP
on the connection between the desktop and the support frame.
After investigation, the maximum pressure on the given desktop is FS 62.5
F N = 500N . σP = = = 4.06MPa
ds h 7 × 2.2
(1) Check the bolts at the connection between the rotating part and Where h represents the compression height of the bolt.
the elevation part f) Allowable extrusion stress of a single bolt [σP ]
a) The maximum shear force on the bolt group F S
σS 180
[σP ] = = = 100MPa
F S = F N = 500N [S P ] 1.8
b) The maximum shear force on a single bolt F S 1 (2) Check the strength of the bolt at the elevation angle
a) Shear force on a single pin F S
FS 500
FS 1 =
= = 62.5N F N ∗ l ∗ cos 40◦ 500 × 120 × cos 40◦
n 8 FS = = = 158.5N
Where n represents the total number of bolts in the bolt group and 2R 2 × 145
n=8. b) Shearing force τ
c) The maximum shear stress of a single bolt τ1
FS 4F S 4 × 317
τ = = = = 4.04MPa
4F S 1 4 × 62.5 A πd 2 π × 102
τ1 = = = 1.62MPa
πds2m π × 72 × 1 c) Allowable shear stress of bolt [τ ]
CONFCDS 2021, January 28–30, 2021, Stanford, CA, USA Yuqi Guo et al.

Figure 6: Front panel folding mechanism diagram (1. Table plate 2. V-shaped rod 3. End surface clamping teeth 4. Handle shaft
5. Handle 6. Table plate (middle) 7. Connecting piece 8. Connecting rod 9. Connecting Rod 10. Connecting rod 11. Pin shaft)

at the same time, the different limit holes are turned to the pin
[τ ] = 110MPa position, and then are restricted.
d) Extrusion stress σP
3.3 Space bar-tray
FN 1 FS 317 The space rod is composed of rod 1, rod 2, and rod 3. The rod 1 is
σP = = = = 14.4MPa
δ ∗d δ ∗d 2.2 × 10 fixed, and the rod 2 is sleeved in the rod 1, and can be rotated in the
e) Allowable extrusion stress of bolt [σP ] horizontal plane, and cannot be moved in the vertical direction, as
shown in Figure 8. In the space rod 3, the rod 2 is always vertical,
[σP ] = 14.4MPa < [σP ] = 130MPa the specifications of the two sprockets are the same, and synchro-
nization is achieved through chain transmission. The chain is not
3 WORKING PRINCIPLE AND shown in Figure 8. The chain drive ensures that the pallet rack
PERFORMANCE connected to the right end of the rod 3 does not tilt horizontally.
When the position is adjusted, the friction ratchet will lock it and
3.1 Folding the front panel (jaw teeth on the the height will no longer drop.
end)
As shown in Figure 6, after turning the large plate by 90{°} and 3.4 Smart lighting system
locking it, turn 5 to separate 3. Turn 1 to adjust the level at this This design improves and innovates the original table lamp that
moment, and then turn 5 in the opposite direction. At this time, 1 is can only illuminate, so that it can be used better. This design en-
fixed. When necessary, you can use the parallel four bars composed ables the brightness of the light to be automatically adjusted as the
of 6, 8, 9, and 10 in the figure to retract the flipped 1 toward the surrounding environment changes. When the surrounding environ-
inside of the table to make the user more comfortable. The fixing ment becomes dark, the brightness can be automatically enhanced,
principle is similar. and with the addition of a human infrared sensor, the light can be
adjusted after the person leaves the drawing table. It can be extin-
3.2 Elevation adjustment-limit hole guished automatically. Through the circuit shown in the figure, use
A handle is installed in the elevation angle adjustment mechanism the voltage value across the photoresistor to collect the brightness
as shown in Figure 7. When in use, pull the handle. Driven by the of the surrounding environment, and the brightness of the envi-
connecting rod, the pins on the left and right sides are drawn out ronment is equivalent to the voltage across the photoresistor, and
of the limit holes. When the elevation angle is adjusted, loosen the then feed it back to the IN3 input of the ADC0809 analog-to-digital
handle. Automatic limit under the action of. Through the rotation conversion chip. At the end, through the analog-to-digital conver-
of the chuck, the elevation angle of the desktop is adjusted, and sion, the obtained numbers are transmitted to the 8051 single-chip
A novel design algorithm for multifunctional drawing table
Figure 7: Elevation adjustment mechanism (1. Spring 2. Limit hole 3. Latch 4. Handle 5. Connecting rod 6. Chuck 7. Connecting
frame 8. Limit hole 9 Latch 10. Handle)
Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the fit of space bar 1 and bar 2 (a); Schematic diagram of the fit of space bar 3 (b)
microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer judges the set
threshold of the numbers, thereby outputting PWM signals with
different duty cycles to control the brightness of the lights.
The crystal oscillator used by the single-chip microcomputer in
the system is a 12MHz crystal oscillator. The main control circuit
part deliberately adds a 74LS74 frequency divider chip to divide the
output signal of the single-chip microcomputer by four to ensure
that the signal to turn on the ADC0809 analog-to-digital conversion
chip is 5KHz, reaching its working clock frequency. The switching
transistor 13003 is used in the system to control the power on and
off, the 24V input voltage supplies power to the LEDs, the PWM
signal is input from the base, and R2 represents the load. The actual
situation is 25 LEDs with 2V turn-on voltage and a 15K current
limiting resistor. The series connection finally makes the lamp in
the initial state of low brightness when the switch is turned on.
4 INNOVATION AND APPLICATION
4.1 Design innovation
• Unique storage platform design to meet the needs of different
people; drawing tools are often left at hand and easy to
access.
CONFCDS 2021, January 28–30, 2021, Stanford, CA, USA
• The intelligent lighting system, while effectively saving en-
ergy, provides users with the best working light environ-
ment.
• When the casters are locked, the wheels are off the ground
and the stability is higher.
4.2 Application
The multifunctional drawing table can be widely used in drawing
rooms and design rooms.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This article was funded by the research and development project of
the cantilever impact type prickly ash holistic picker of Northwest
Agriculture and Forestry University (No: 2017NY-175).
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