REVIEWER IN DRRR - forms slowly overtime with the ground gradually

subsiding or deflating (types of events can go unnoticed

GEOLOGICAL HAZARD or undetected)

LESSON 1: LANDSLIDE AND SINKHOLE LESSON 2: IMPENDING SIGN OF SINKHOLE AND

Landslides LANDSLIDE
 Are defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth  LANDSLIDE WARNING SIGNS
down a slope and have come to include broad range of 1. Springs, seeps or saturated ground in areas that are not
motions whereby falling, sliding, and flowing under the usually wet.
influence of gravity dislodges earth material. Landslide 2. New cracks or unusual bulges in the ground, street or
occur when an earthquake, floods/prolonged rainfall, or sidewalks.
volcanic eruption occur. 3. Soil moving away from foundations, or the tilting or
cracking of concrete floors and foundations.
BEDROCK 4. Sunken or down-dropped road beds
1. Limestone 5. A sudden decrease in creek water levels even though rain
2. Dolomite is still falling or just recently stopped.
6. A sudden decrease in creek water levels even though rain
is still falling or just recently stopped.
CAUSES OF LANDSLIDES
 THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF LANDSLIDES AREAS PRONE TO LANDSLIDES
1. Natural Landslide
- On existing old landslides.
- Heavy and prolonged rainfall
- On or at the base of slopes
- Earthquakes
- In or at the base of minor drainage hollows.
- Forest fire
- At the base or top of an old fill slope.
- Volcanoes / Volcanic Eruption
- At the base or top of a steep cut slope.
2. Anthropogenic Factor
- Developed hillsides where leach field septic systems are
- Inappropriate drainage system
used.
- Cutting and deed excavation on slopes for buildings,
roads, canals and mining
 SIGNS OF SINKHOLES
- Change in slope/land use pattern, deforestation,
 Sinkholes rarely strike without giving some warning in
settlements, agricultural practices on steep slope
the surrounding environment or in a nearby home. Here
are signs to watch for that may indicate a problem.
EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDES 1. Trees or fence posts that tilt or fall
1. Destroys everything and anything that comes in their path 2. Foundations that slant
(roads, rail lanes, agricultural production, land area, etc.) 3. New small ponds that appear after rain
2. Loss of lives (depends on the place and time of 4. Cracks in the ground
occurrence) 5. Sudden drainage of a pond
REMEMBER: Landslide is very difficult to predict the 6. Rapid appearance of a hole in the ground
occurrence
LESSON 3: INTERPRET GEOLOGICAL MAP
Sinkholes Geohazard
 Is a hole in the ground that forms when water dissolves  A geohazard is a harmful event caused by the earth, for
surface rocks. example, an earthquake, a tsunami, or a volcano.”
 Where do Sinkholes occur? Geohazard Map
- Sinkholes are commonly found in what geologists  A geohazard map indicates areas that are susceptible to
call Karst Terrain. Karst terrain are regions where the floods and landslides.
type of rock below the land surface can naturally be  The geo-hazard map developed by the Mines and
dissolved by underground water circulating through them. Geosciences Bureau of the Department of the
About 20% or our country is underlain by Karst terrain. Environment and Natural Resources (MGB-DENR)
 Noted that the geohazard maps should be used as guides
CAUSES OF SINKHOLES by the Local Government Units (LGU’s) on how they
should plan their municipalities.
 THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF SINKHOLES
1. Cover-collapsed Sinkholes
- Develop quickly in a matter of hours and cause
catastrophic damage

- Juan Miguel Zubiri

COLOR CODING OF GEOHAZARD MAPS
2. Cover-subsidence Sinkholes
 THERE ARE 5 COLOR CODINGS
1. RED - high susceptible to landslide
2. GREEN - moderate susceptible to landslides  180m deep
3. YELLOW - low susceptible to landslide  150m width
4. VIOLET - high susceptible to flooding
5. PINK - low or moderate susceptible to flooding MASSIVE SINKHOLE IN CHILE
 LOCATION: NEAR THE TOWN OF TIERRA
LESSON 4: PRECAUTIONARY AND SAFETY AMARILLA
MEASURES FOR LANDSLIDES  200m deep
 LANDSLIDE PREPAREDNESS  25m wide
 We should be aware on how to mitigate landslide and  GOOGLE: Government agencies and the mine's owners
avoid becoming victims of landslide. are studying what caused the appearance in late July of
the mysterious hole that spans 36.5 meters (120 feet) in
 BEFORE LANDSLIDE diameter.
1. The key to staying safe is to prepare and to have an
emergency plan in place
2. Listen to local news and weather reports for any potential
landslide watches and warnings in your area
3. Talk with your family and neighbors about what you
would do during a landslide. Identify a safe place to
gather.
4. Become familiar with the land around where you live and
work so that you understand your risk in different
situations
5. Avoid actions that could increase instability. 
6. Learn how to recognize the signs of potential imminent
landslides.
7. Know who to notify if you see these signs. Have
municipal emergency contact numbers on hand
8. Have your emergency kit.
 DURING LANDSLIDE
1. Be prepared to evacuate at a moment’s notice
2. If you suspect imminent danger evacuate immediately.
Inform affected neighbors if you can, and contact your
public works, fire or police department.
3. Listen for unusual sounds that might indicate moving
debris, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking
together.
 AFTER LANDSLIDE
1. Listen to the radio, watch your local news channels,
and/or follow your local news outlet and/or emergency
officials on social media for further instructions from
officials and local leaders. 
2. Stay away from the slide area until local officials say it is
safe to enter
3. Check your home’s foundation, chimney and surrounding
land for damage.
4. If you suspect your home is unsafe, do not enter. Rely on
the professionals to clear your home for re-entry, if you
are unsure
WELL OF HELL
 LOCATION: AL-MAHARA YEMEN
 We should be aware on how to mitigate landslide and
avoid becoming victims of landslide.
 30m (100ft.) wide at the surface
 112m (367ft.) deep
 Explored September 15, 2021
 You can find snakes, dead animals, and cave pearls
 250m deep
 320m above sea level
BITO CAVE
 LOCATION: HINABANGAN, SAMAR