Simplifying from Orbitals to Lewis Dot Diagrams

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Neutral Stable LEWIS DOT DIAGRAM CONVENTION

Element Atom → Ion OLD METHOD
The energy level affected during an element's
Symbol Li
Ar reaction from a neutral atom to its stable ion is only
outermost aka valent
the __________________ orbital.
Atomic # 3
INow that you clearly understand that elements
Mass #(p+n) 7 amu have up to 7 orbitals, you'll learn a shortcut!
# Protons 3 Since only the electrons from the Valent orbital are
affected during chemical reactions, we can focus
# electrons 3 strictly on them!!! No more drawing all the orbitals!
# Neutrons 4 We will now simply use the element's SYMBOL and
2 place the appropriate #Ve- (as dots) along each
Period side of the Symbol. They are drawn neatly and form
# Orbitals 2 PAIRS along each side of the symbol.
Group 1

# Valent e- 1ve-

New method: Li ● CL
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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LABELING ELEMENTS 1-20 as Lewis Dot Diagrams

G1= Ve- 16 Font G18 = full Ve-
# Neutrons # Neutrons
1. Label the Groups / #V e-
Period Period
3. Convert each symbol into a Lewis Dot Diagram.
p1 # Orbitals G3-12 =1-3 Ve- # Orbitals 8Ve-
Group Group
# Valent e- # Valent e-
G2 = Ve- G13 = Ve- G14 = Ve- G15 = Ve- G16 = Ve- G17 = Ve-
Symbol Ca Symbol O

Atomic # Atomic #
p2
Mass # Mass #

# Protons # Protons

# electrons # electrons

# Neutrons # Neutrons
8Ve-
Period Period
p3 # Orbitals # Orbitals

Group Group
# Valent e- # Valent e-

Symbol Na Symbol Cl

Atomic # Atomic #

p4 Mass # non -metals Mass #

# Protons # Protons

# electrons metals # electrons

# Neutrons # Neutrons
 Simplifying from Orbitals to Lewis Dot Diagrams
Electron TRANSFER (metal to non-metal) = ionic Chemical Reaction

Metal or Non-metal Metal or Non-metal Metal or Non-metal Metal or Non-metal

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#13, Al G13 = 3Ve- 7 N G15 = 5Ve- Li G1 = 1 ve- Cl G17 = 7 ve-

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Al N Li cl
Al+3 +N 3 --> Ain Li +1+ Cl -1--> LiCl

Al becomes stable w N becomes stable w Li became stable w o ve- (empty ) Cl became stable w 8 ve-(full)
Al
Na Cl Fr group 1 group 17 F

Group 1 group 17

NA Cl Fr F
explosive lethal to breath Fr+1+F-1---> FrF
Na +1 + cl-1 ---> NaCl (table salt )

Na became stable w 0 ve- Cl became stable w 8 ve- Fr became stable w 0 ve- F became stable w 8
ve-
K
Al P Be O
group 1 group 15 group 2 group 16

K
K P Be o
K 3k +1 + p-3 ---> k 3p

be became stable w 0 ve-

Be+2+0-2---> Beo

o became stable w 8 ve-

k became stable w 0 ve- p became stable w 8 ve-
Ca
Al S Ca Cl

group 2 group 16 group 2 group 17

Ca s ca cl
Ca +2 + s -2 ---> CaS
Ca+2 + Cl -1---> Cacl 2 cl
Ca became stable w 2 ve- s became stable w 8 ve- ca became stable w 0 ve- cl became stable with 8 ve-
 Simplifying from Orbitals to Lewis Dot Diagrams

ly

nd
rm