Chapter 3

Research Design and Methodology

This chapter has the parts the following parts: (1)

Purpose of the Study and Research Design, (2) Methods, and

(3) Data Analysis Procedures.

The First Part, purpose of the study and research

design restates the main problem and discusses the research

design. The Second Part, method, describes the

participants, the data- gathering instrument, and the data

gathering procedures used.

The Third Part, data analysis

procedure, enumerates the statistical tools used in the

analysis of data.

Purpose of the Study and Research Design

The purpose of this study will determine the difficulties in

Face to Face Class and its effect to the mental health of

students. The researcher used the correlational research

design. According to Pritha Bhandari (2022) A correlational

research design investigates relationships between variables

without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of

them. A correlation reflect the strength and/or direction of

the relationship between two (or more) variables.

The independent variable of this study will be the

difficulties in Face to Face Class while the dependent

variable will be mental health.

Descriptive statistics will used in the study.

Descriptive statistics includes the frequency distribution,

percentage and mean while ANOVA, and Pearson r will be used

in inferential statistics with 0.05% alpha value and 95%

confidence level.

Methods

Participants

The participants of this study were the 20 Grade 12

Senior High School students from Estefania Montemayor

National High School. Strands included were the one (1)

section from Humanities and Social Science Stand (HUMSS) one

(1) from Accountancy, Business and Management Strand (ABM)

one (1) from Electrical Installation and Maintenance Strand

(E.I.M) one (1) from Home Economics Stand (H.E) one (1) from

Computer system Servicing (CSS). To determine the sample,

Slovin’s formula will used. The researcher applied the Quota

random sampling which is probability sampling. Quota

sampling is a non-probability sampling method that relies on

the non-random selection of a predetermined number or

proportion of units. This is called a quota. Quota sampling

is a non-probability sampling in which the researcher of

this study specifically chose only the students who are the

Grade 12 Senior High School students from Estefania

Montemayor National High School.

Data Gathering Instrument

A researcher made questionnaire will be used as an

instrument to gather the necessary data to analyze the

difficulties in Face to Face Class and its effect to the

mental of student.

Difficulties in Face to Face Class Questionnaire. A 15 -

item researcher made questionnaire will employed with (5)

point - scoring.

The questionnaire is responded using the following

responses:

Score Responses

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Uncertain

2 Disagree
 1 Strongly Disagree

To describe the Difficulties in Face to Face Class the scale

below will be used.

Scale Interpretation

4.21-5.00 Very High

3.41-4.20 High

2.61-3.40 Moderately High

1.81-2.60 Low

1.00-1.80 Very Low

The Difficulties of Face to Face Class of the student

questionnaire will be conducted . The suggestions and

recommendations for all the improvement of the instrument

will be incorporated in the modification of the instrument.

After the instrument was face and content-validated, this

was tested to thirty (30) teachers of Hercor College who was

not included in the actual respondents of the study. The

result of the pilot testing was used in determining the

computer-processed factor analysis, construct validation,

and reliability testing of the research instrument using the

Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Software

registered a .745 reliability index. Items with factor

loading .50 was discarded. McDaniel (1992) contends that an

instrument with the reliability index of .70 and above is

considered reliable.

Mental Health. A 10-item researcher-made questionnaire will

be employed with five (5) point- scoring.

The questionnaire is responded using the following

responses:

Score Responses

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Uncertain

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

To describe the Mental Health, the scale below will be used.

 Scale Interpretation

4.21-5.00 Very High

3.41-4.20 High

2.61-3.40 Moderately High

1.81-2.60 Low

1.00-1.80 Very Low

The Coping Mechanisms questionnaire will be faced and

content-validated by the panel members. The suggestions and

recommendations for all the improvement of the instrument

will be incorporated in the modification of the instrument.

After the instrument was face and content-validated, this

was tested to thirty (30) teachers of Hercor College who was

not included in the actual respondnets of the study. The

result of the pilot testing was used in determining the

computer-processed factor analysis, construct validation,

and reliability testing of the research instrument using the

Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Software

registered a .745 reliability index. Items with factor

loading .50 was discarded. McDaniel (1992) contends that an

instrument with the reliability index of .70 and above is

considered reliable.

Data- Gathering Procedures

The researcher obtained a letter from the principals of

the study locations requesting permission to conduct the

study after calculating the required participant count and

finalizing the modified questionnaires that underwent

validation. Following approval, the researcher will

personally administer the adopted questionnaire to the

respondent to ensure a 100% return rate while safeguarding

the respondents personal information.

The data gathered will tabulated, analyzed and

interpreted by the using the proper statistical methods, and

processed using SPSS.

Statistical Data Analysis Procedures

The following statistical tools will be employed in the

study.

Mean. This statistical tool was used to determine the level

of the Difficulties in Face to Face Classes and its effect

to the Mental health of students.

One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This test will used to

determine the significance on the Difficulties in Face to

face Classes and to the Mental Health of students and effect

will be set at 0.05 alpha level of significance.

Pearson r. This test will set at 0.05 alpha level of

significance to determine the relationship between the things

encountered by the students in the face-to- face classes and

their mental health.