Effects of Illegal Logging

Illegal logging is not always a clearly defined term, but can be described as forestry practices or
activities connected with wood harvesting, processing and trade that do not conform to law. Illegalities
occur right through the chain from source to consumer, the harvesting procedure itself may be illegal,
including corrupt means to gain access to forests, extraction without permission or from a protected
area, cutting of protected species or extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits. Illegalities may
also occur during transport, including illegal processing and export as well as misdeclaration to
customs, before the timber enters the legal market.

Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws. The
harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests;
extraction without permission or from a protected area; the cutting of protected species; or the
extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits (see Box 1). Illegalities may also occur during transport,
such as illegal processing and export; fraudulent declaration to customs; and the avoidance of taxes
and other charges. Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local
communities and to the economies of producer countries.

Despite the economic importance of trade in timber and forest products, major international timber
consumer countries, such as the EU, have no legal means to halt the import of illegally sourced forest
products,[2] because the identification of illegally logged or traded timber is technically difficult.
Therefore, a legal basis for normative acts against timber imports or other products manufactured out
of illegal wood is missing. Scientific methods to pinpoint the geographic origin of timber are currently
under development.[3] Possible actions to restrict imports cannot meet with WTO regulations of non-
discrimination. They must instead be arranged in bilateral agreements.
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_logging

Illegal logging occurs when trees are cut down in areas protected by law. Illegal loggers also target
various species of trees that are endangered or protected. Forests in many areas of the world are
protected, not only because of the species of trees they contain but because of the animals that live
there. In many instances, illegal logging takes place with the ultimate goal of selling the
harvestedtimber. Furniture, paper, and other wood products made from illegally harvested wood can
be found almost anywhere in the world, as many logs are exported using falsified documents.
Activities such as creating these false shipping documents and tax fraud relating to the harvesting of
trees are also a part of the illegal logging trade.

Illegal logging occurs on most continents and is a major problem in areas like the South American
rain forests and throughout Indonesia. Sometimes the goal is not to harvest wood but to clear away
protected forests. This happens on a regular basis in rain forests, where trees are cut down for the
thin, rich layer of soil beneath them. These areas are used for farming until the nutrient-rich soil is
depleted. Billions of dollars are transferred within the illegallogging trade every year.
*http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-illegal-logging.htm

Illegal logging is the harvesting, transporting, processing, buying or selling of timber in violation of
national laws. This definition also applies to harvesting wood from protected areas, exporting
threatened plant/tree species, and falsifying official documents. It also includes breaking license
agreements, tax evasion, corrupting government officials and interfering with access and rights to
forest areas.

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