13.

ABOUT PROTECTIVE MEASURE, Secretary, DND Chairman

DISASTER RELIEF AND RESCUE OPERATION Secretary, DPWH … Member
Secretary, DOTC … Member
(DRRO) Secretary, DSWD … Member
Secretary, DA … Member
DISASTER RELIEF & RESCUE OPERATIONS Secretary, DECS … Member
The Filipino has always endure the hardship of a hostile Secretary, DOF … Member
environment continually sought survival against Secretary, DOLE … Member
typhoons, floods, earthquakes, epidemics, fires and Secretary, DTI … Member
other calamities. Fires and typhoons are the most Secretary, DENR … Member
frequent. Secretary, DILG … Member
Secretary, DBM … Member
FLOOD & EARTHQUAKE Secretary, DOJ … Member
Secretary, DOH … Member
Why we have CIVIL DEFENSE?
Director, PIA … Member
Destructive capacity can be enormous and the Pres Exec Secretary … Member
problem is made more difficult by absence of warning. Chief of Staff, AFP … Member
This is a preparation in advance of measures necessary Sec General, PNRC … Member
for our protection when disaster strikes. Why and when Admin, OCD … Member & Ex-O
we need civil defense.

Its purpose is to: 14. CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS

- Prevent loss of life by rescue and removal of people to
places of safety.
- Prevent needless suffering of people.
- Protect property and
- Minimize damages during disasters and calamities.
The concept:
-In any serious disaster, the local people must
in the first instance fend themselves with resources
immediately available to them until sufficient other
help is available. The concept therefore is one of self-
help and mutual assistance.
- Utilize all avail resources in the area before asking for
assistance.
The Secretary of National Defense (SND)
Heads the NDRRMC with the heads of 18
departments/agencies as members.
- It is through the NDRRMC member-
agencies that disaster preparedness, prevention,
mitigation and response carry out its corresponding
tasks and responsibilities under the NDRRMC system.
THE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL
I. Definition:
Civil Military Operations (CMO) –
encompasses those economic, psycho-political and
psycho-social activities undertaken by the AFP in
coordination with Civil Government Agencies
(CGA), Local Government Units (LGU) and Non-
Government Organizations (NGO) prior to or during
subsequent to combat operations and/or natural or
man-made disasters and calamities.
II. CMO Objectives
Are pursued through six (6) interrelated
AFP programs generally categorized into:
 AFP Personnel-oriented Programs:
1. Military values education (MILVED)
2. Livelihood enhancement (LIVELIHOOD)
3. Community Relations (COMREL)
4. Civic Action (CIVAC)
5. Public Information (PUBLIC INFO)
 Enemy-oriented programs
6.Psychological Operations (PSYOPS)
III. CMO components:
1. Military Values Education
MILVED – the dynamic process of learning The firing
internalizing, upholding and practicing universal and moving take place
truths, moral principles and time-honored intrinsic at the same time. There
military values and ethics essential to the pursuit of is a fire element and a
afp goals and objectives. movement element.

2. Military Livelihood Enhancement Program The fire

element covers the
LIVELIHOOD - designed to provide necessary move of the movement
assistance to the soldier and his dependents to element by firing at
embark on productive ventures that enable him to the enemy.
cope with harsh economic realities while in the
active service and during retirement.
3. Military Civic Action Program If your team makes
contact, your team leader
CIVAC – the use of afp resources in predominantly should tell you to fire or to
non-military projects and activities useful to the move. He should also tell
people and supportive of combat operations in you where to fire from, what
such fields as socio-economic: health and to fire at, or where to move.
sanitation; agri-industrial; education and the like. When moving, use the low
4. Community Relations Program crawl, high crawl, or rush.

COMREL – the active participation of AFP II.

personnel, individual or collectively as an AFP unit, Four
in people – oriented rallies like: anti-drug abuse, (4)
anti-smut and other campaign against immoral types of fire team
activities. It also includes open-houses, static formations:
displays of military hardware, and use of camp A. Column
facilities/utilities for people oriented projects. formation
5. Public Information Program 1) Permits rapid
controlled movement.
PUBLIC INFO – is the dissemination of military
information through all forms of communication 2) Favors fire and maneuver to the flanks.
media to include inter-personal, face-to-face
communication to the internal audience and more 3) Vulnerable to fire from the front.
specifically to the public-at-large with the view of 4) Provides the least amount of fire to the front.
informing them about what the afp has done, is
doing and plans to do to bring about peace and B. Wedge
security. 1) Permits good control.
16. BASIC COMBAT FORMATIONS 2) Provides all-security.
I. Fire and movement 3) Formation is flexible.
When a unit makes contact with the enemy, it 4) Fire is adequate in all
normally starts firing at and moving toward the
enemy or move away from the enemy. That directions.
technique is called fire and movement.
It is conducted either to close with and destroy
the enemy, or to move away from the enemy
so as to break contact with him.
C. Skirmishes (right/left)
1) Maximum firepower to the front. AND
2) Used when location and strength of enemy are SANITATION
known.
A. Health Maintenance and Sanitary
Practice
THE RULES OF HYGIENE AND
SANITATION
ARE SIMPLE AND EASY TO FOLLOW. (12)
1. Always keep your body clean. Take a bath
at least once a day.
III. Squad formations
2. Change your underclothing daily. Inspect
A. Squad column them for lice, fleas or other bugs that may
- The squad column is keep you itchy.
the squad most 3. Change socks immediately after they get
common formation. wet to avoid getting colds, athlete’s foot and
other illnesses.
- It provides good dispersion laterally and in depth
without sacrificing control and facilitates maneuver. 4. Brush your teeth at least twice a day,
preferably after waking up and before going
- The lead fire team is the base fire team. to bed.
B. Squad line 5. Always wash your hands with soap and
- the squad line provides maximum water after duty, after engaging exercise,
before eating and after coming out from the
firepower to the front.
comfort room.
- When a squad is acting as the base squad,
6. Use only your own eating and drinking
the fire team on the right is the base fire team.
utensils if possible.

7. Use mosquito net when mosquitoes and

other flying insects are present.

8. Never drink water from any untreated

source until it has been declared safe for
drinking.
C. Squad file.
9. Relieve yourself on an area which is
- Has the same characteristics as the fire team file. designated as the head area.

- If the squad leader desires to increase his control 10. Exercise your muscles and joints regularly.
over the formation, exert greater morale presence
11. Avoid person infected with venereal
by leading from the front,.
diseases.
- Additional control over the
12. Set yourself as an example of personal
rear of the formation can be
cleanliness and sanitary discipline.
provided by moving a team
leader to the last position.

B. Measures to protect and improve

health responsibility for military
17. PROTECTIVE sanitation.
MEASURES THE RULES OF CLEANLINESS AND
PERSONAL HYGIENE
SANITATION SHOULD BE FOLLOWED. (5)
1. When pulling up camps, build them around
a sanitary plan. Make provision for sanitation
requirements.
2. Purify drinking water, when water source
is a stream or a river, mark separate water points
for washing, cooking and human consumption. Of
course, in case of tactical camps, these watering
points must be well secured against enemy.
3. Locate and construct heads and urinals
away from the galley, mess hall and water supply
but not too far from the living areas.
4. Maintain the sanitary conditions in the
galley. Food must be stored in clean receptacles.
Garbage and left over must be disposed on a
designated dumping areas or garbage pits where
they may be covered with soil or burn.
5. Carry out a continuous campaign against
insect, rodents and other pests.
FIRST AID
-is an immediate and temporary care
given to a victim of an accident or sudden illness
before the services of a physician is obtained.
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID (3)
1. To save life
2. To prevent further injury
3. To preserve vitality & resistance to infection
FIRST AID RULES (10)
1. First, check for danger and then check for
responsiveness. Determine whether the victim
is conscious. If the victim is conscious, ask him
what happened and what is wrong now. If the
victim is unconscious, proceed to check the
airway, breathing and circulation. Commence
resuscitation as appropriate.
2. Do not move injured victim unless it is
necessary. If necessary to move a casualty,
seek assistance and handle gently.
3. Keep the victim lying down with his head
level with his feet while being examine.
4. Keep the victim warm and comfortable.
Remove enough clothing to get a clear idea to
the extent of the injury.
5. Examine the victim gently. Treat the most
urgent injuries first and then treat the other
injuries.
6. Avoid allowing the victim to see his own
injury. Assure him that his condition is
understood and that he will receive good care.
7. Do not try to give any solid or liquid
substance by mouth to an unconscious victim
nor to a victim who has sustained an injury.
8. Do not touch open wounds or burns with
fingers or other objects except when sterile
compresses or bandages are not available.
9. Do not try to arouse an unconscious person.
10. Seek medical attention immediately.
“HURRY CASES” in First Aid (7)
1. STOPPAGE OF BREATHING
Critical time is four minutes to restore the
victim to normal before brain damage take place.
Management of the Casualty:
Clear the airway. Inflate the lungs with five quick
breaths (proceed to CPR)
2. SEVERE BLEEDING
Bleeding and hemorrhage mean the same
thing that blood is escaping from arteries,
capillary vessels or veins.
TYPES OF HEMORRHAGE (3)
1. Arterial Bleeding – Blood from an open
artery. The color of the blood is bright red.
The blood spurts which are synchronized
with the pulse.
2. Venous Bleeding – Blood from an open
vein. The color of the blood is dark red.
The blood escapes in a slow steady flow.
3. Capillary Hemorrhage – Blood from
damage capillaries. The color of the blood is
intermediate between bright
and dark red. The blood only oozes from
the wound. This is the common type of
hemorrhage.
Controlling External Bleeding
Direct Compress
pressure and Bandage
Ligation –
Digital pressure
tying
(pressure points)
Torsion –
Facial – twisting
Temporal
Carotid –
Subclavian
Auxiliary–
Brachial Femoral

Elevate the injured part to lessen the flow of

blood.
Indirect pressure – Tourniquet

3. POISONING
a. b. c. Contacted
Swallowed – Inhaled – poison –
Antidote is to Proper Wash with
dilute with ventilation soap and
water or at once water. Bath
milk to (open soap is
lessen the air). recommended.
concentration
of the poison.
Milk coats
the lining of
the
intestines.
Non-poisonous Poisonous
SNAKE BITE Four to six rows Two rows of teeth
of teeth - Two fangs which
 IMMEDIATELY EXPOSE THE WOUND - No fang marks create puncture
THEN REMOVE on victim wound
CLOTHING, REMOVE SHOES,
REMOVE CASUALTY’S JEWELRY
AND PLACE IT IN CASUALTY’S  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
POCKET.
Less than one hour
 DETERMINE THE NATURE OF
BITE.  Headache - Vomiting

 Transcript faintness, confusion,

unconscious
One to three hours after.
 Dropping eyelids -Double vision
(Diplopia)
  Difficulty in swallowing- Enlarged
lymph glands
 Abdominal pain -Dark urine
 Rapid pulse -Hemorrhage
After three hours
 Paralysis in large muscles-
respiratory paralysis
 Circulatory failure
Wash bitten area
 PREVENTION Avoidance – know where
the snake rests like near the logs or in
heavy brush (vegetation) and or In Rocky
Edges (reef)
4. SHOCK
-is a condition in which there is
insufficient blood I the circulation to fill the
blood vessels. As a result, the tissue do not
receive enough oxygen to maintain life and
there is extreme body weakness or physical
collapse.
Main Causes of Shock

 Hemorrhage, also loss of water due

to nausea and vomiting and loose
bowel movement

 Severe injuries, such as burns and

fractures

 Asphyxiation – lack of oxygen

Signs and Symptoms of Shock (5)

1. The casualty is pale

2. Skin is cold and clammy

3. Pulse is rapid and weak

4. Respiration is rapid, irregular and shallow

 TREATMENT
 Non-poisonous Poisonous 5. If the casualty is conscious, he may be
Cleanse/disinfect listless and drowsy and complain of thirst
wound. Use soap -Rest the casualty and dryness in the mouth. The
and water or an /
antiseptic solution. have casualty lie eyes may have a vacant, dull expression
Use iodine (if down. Keep and the pupils may be enlarged
casualty is not casualty still to
delay venom 5. FRACTURE
allergic to it)
 CAUTION: If the absorption. Apply -is a break in the continuity of the bone
bite cannot be broad bandage.
positively identified Keep bitten part KINDS OF FRACTURE
as poisonous or below heart level. Open (compound) fracture – Bone has
non-poisonous, Immobilize the broken through skin.
treat as a limb and bring
transport to Closed (simple) fracture – Skin has not been
poisonous bite. penetrated on both ends
casualty.

 DON’TS
Cut or incise wound
Apply tourniquet
  Splint fracture where it lies – DO NOT
reposition

 Immobilize fracture site before moving

casualty.

 Pad splints before applying.

 Dress all wounds and/or open fracture

(exposed bones) prior to splinting.

 Check for neurovascular function before,

during and after application of splint.

6. BURNS AND SCALDS

-is an injury that results from heat, chemical
TREATMENT FOR SHOCK (4) agent or radiation. It may vary in depth size and
severity.
1. Control the bleeding
Scalds - is a burn caused by a liquid.
2. Give oral fluids providing there is no
contradictions such as abdominal wounds Classification of Burns Depth (3)
or unconsciousness.
(a) First Degree – The outer skin is reddened
3. Keep the casualty comfortable and warm and welted or slightly swollen.
but do not overheat.
(b) Second Degree -The under skin is
4. Lay the patient on his back with his feet affected and blisters are formed.
higher than his head except in cases of
(c) Third Degree-The skin is destroyed and
chest or head injuries.
tissues underneath are damaged.
Signs and Symptoms (9)
Treatment for first Degree Burn (4)
 Deformity
1) Immerse burnt area in cold water until the
 Pain at the point of fracture patient ceases to feel pain.

 Crepitation (grating sound) 2) When it is possible to immerse the burned

area, moist cold towels should be applied
 Felt and heard when bones rub together and renewed frequently.

 Discoloration 3) Follow this application for dry dressing.

 Loss of motion 4) If desired a simple burn ointment may be

applied
 Exposed bones
Treatment for second degree burn (4)
 Swelling (endema)
1) Follow the steps prescribe in the First degree
 Possible loss of pulse below fracture except do not apply any burn ointment.
Splinting 2) Gently blot area dry with sterile gauge or clean
cloth.
-a device to immobilize an injured part of the
body. 3) Apply sterile gauze or clean as protective
dressing.
Reasons for Splinting Relieve pain by
minimized movement. 4) Never break a blister.
Prevent further damage to injury site.
Treatment for third Degree Burn (4)
General Principles of Splinting
1) Do not remove adhered particles of charred jutting position using either of the two
clothing. methods
2) Cover burned area with sterile dressing or - Thumb-jaw lift
freshly laundered sheet.
-Two-hand jaw lift
3) Do not allow victim to walk
e. Seal the airway opening (nose or mouth)
4) If medical help is not available for one hour or
more and victim is conscious, and not vomiting, f. Take a deep breath, open your mouth wide,
give a weak solution of salt and soda. and make an airtight seal around the
casualty’s mouth or nose.
7. FAINTING
g. With your eyes focused on the
-Is loss of consciousness caused by a casualty’s chest, blow forcefully into his
temporary reduction of the blood supply to the airway (mouth or nose)
brain.
Causes Signs and h. Remove your mouth from the casualty’s
symptoms of airway opening and listen for the return of
Emotional fainting air from his lungs.

Hunger Weakness i. After each exhalation of air from the

casualty’s lungs, blow another deep breath
Fatigue Dizziness into his airway.
Pallor CHEST-PRESSURE ARM LIFT METHOD
Cold Sweat a. Clear the casualty’s upper airway (as
Unconsciousness described earlier)

Treatment b. Position the casualty on his back

Seat victim with knees far apart and hold head
far down between knees for about five minutes. If
victim loses consciousness, lay him down on his
back with head turned to one side.
After unsciousness return keep victim quiet for
about 15 minutes.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Methods of administering Artificial
Respiration (AR) (3)
1. Mouth-To-Mouth Method
2.Chest-pressure Arm-Lift Method
3. Closed-chest heart-massage (casualty with
no heartbeat)
MOUTH-TO-MOUTH METHOD (CASUALTY
WITH HEARTBEAT)
a. Clear casualty’s upper airway.
b. Position the casualty on his back.
c. Place him up and put a rolled blanket or
similar object under his shoulders.
d. Adjust the casualty’s lower jaw to a
c. Position the casualty’s head in the same
manner as for mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation.
Position Yourself
 Stand at the casualty’s head and face his
feet.
 Kneel on one knee and place your opposite
foot to the other side of his head and
against his shoulder to steady it.
 If you become uncomfortable after a period
of time, quickly switch to the other knee.
Administer as follows;
 - Grasping the casualty’s hand and holding
him over his lower ribs, rock forward and
exert steady, uniform pressure almost
directly downward until you meet firm
resistance.
 - Lift his arm vertically upward above his
head then stretch them backward as far as
possible.
 - Replace his hands on his chest and
repeat the cycle-press-lift-stretchreplace.
  - Continue AR until the casualty can breath e. Firing weight (fully loaded with sling) - 7.6
satisfactorily for himself or until you are lbs
positive life is gone.
f. Bipod - .6
lbs
CLOSED-CHEST HEART-MASSAGE
(CASUALTY WITH NO HEARTBEAT) g. Bayonet-knife M7 - .6
lbs
Prepare the casualty for mouth-to-mouth AR. The
surface on which the casualty is placed must h. Scabbard M8A1 - .3 lbs
be solid.
Position yourself: 2. LENGTHS
 Kneel at a right angle to the casualty’s chest Rifle with Bayonet - 44.25 in
so that you can use your weight to apply
pressure on his breastbone. Rifle overall with flash suppressor -39 in

 Place the heel of your hand on the upper Barrel - 21 in

half of the breastbone and the heel of the Barrel w/o suppressor - 20 in
upper hand on top of it.

3. SIGHTS
18. BASIC WEAPONS TRAINING
A. Front adjustable, click type post. Each click
M16 5.56mm RIFLE is equal to 2.8 centimeters per 100 meters of
range.
Parts and Characteristics:
B. Rear-adjustable flif-type. Normal range
1. Air-cooled – natural ventilation
setting is for 0 to 300 meters, long range
2. Gas Operated – weapons that uses the setting (L) 300 to 500 meters. Each notch of
pressure of the expanding gases to move the bolt the windage drum equals 2.8 centimeters for
through a as cylinder. every 100 meters of range. On a weapons set
for battle sight of 250 meters fllif to long range
3. Magazine fed – box type aperture weapon is then zeroed to 290-375
- short – 20 rds meters.

- long – 30 rds c. Sign rapid - 19.75 in

4. Shoulder and hip weapon – it is a weapon fired

from the shoulder or hip. 4. Operation Characteristics
5. Semi-automatic and automatic mode – the
weapon by changing the setting of the selector a. Cyclic rate of fire- 700 – 8– rds per min
lever can be made to fire either in automatic or b. Muzzle velocity - 3,250 fps
semi-automatic mode. c. Maximum range - 2,653 meters
d. Maximum effective range - 460 meters
GUN DATA e. Maximum rate of fire:
1. WEIGHTS
a. Rifle without magazine and sling - 6.5
lbs 1) Semi-automatic - 45 – 65 rds per min

b. Empty magazine aluminum - .2 lbs 2) Automatic - 150 – 200 rpm

c. Full magazine (20 rds) - .7 lbs 3) Sustained rate of fire - 12 – 15 rpm.

d. Sling M1 - .4 Disassembly/Assembly:
lbs 1. Disassembly
 a. Remove magazine 6. Provided with spindle valve – to control the
use of gases to operate the rifle.
b. Open bolt & inspect chamber
GUN DATA
c. Remove handguards
1. Length of rifle (overall) w/ flash suppressor
d. Disengage take down pin - 44.3
e. Withdraw charging handle and bolt carrier 2. Weight of M14 with full magazine - 9.5 lbs
f. Remove bolt carrier group - w/o fully load magazine - 8 lbs
g. Remove retaining pin - w/ empty magazine - 8.5 lbs
h. Remove firing pin 3. Weight of empty magazine - .5 lbs
i. Remove bolt cam pin 4. Weight of full magazine
j. Remove bolt from bolt carrier w/ ball ammunition - 1.5 lbs
k. Remove extractor pin 5. Muzzle velocity - 2,800 fps
l. Remove extractor 6. Cyclic rate of fire - 750 rds/min
m. Remove sling Maximum effective range
n. Remove charging handle (semi-auto w/o bi-pod) - 460 meters
o. Disengage receiver pivot pin Maximum effective range
p. Separate upper receiver and lower (semi-auto w/ bi-pod) - 700 meters
receiver groups 9. Maximum effective range (auto w/ bi-pod)
q. Press in buffer assembly, depress - 460 meters

buffer retainer and then release 10. Maximum range - 3,725 meters

buffer assembly. 11. Sights:

r. Remove buffer assembly and spring Front – fixed

Rear – adjustable – 1 click of elevation or
windage moves the strike of the bullet .7
2. Assembly – is just the reverse of centimeter at 25 meters or 2.8 cm or 1.1
disassembly. inch at 100 meters.
NOMENCLATURE

M14 7.62mm RIFLE 1. SELECTOR

CHARACTERISTICS 2. SAFET

1. Air-cooled – natural ventilation A. SAFE POSITION

2. Gas Operated – weapons that uses the B. FIRING POSITION

pressure of the expanding gases to move the 3. GAS SPINDLE
bolt through a gas cylinder.
4. REAR SIGHT CONTROLS
3. Magazine fed – box type
A. WINDAGE KNOB
- short – 20 rds - long – 30 rds
B. PINION
4. Shoulder weapon
5. OPERATING RODE HANDLE
5. Provided with bayonet lug – for the
attachment of bayonet or grenade launcher.
DISSASSEMBLY
1. Press in magazine latch and remove magazine.
2. Cock rifle and place safety in safe position.
3. Disengage rear end of trigger guard from firing
mechanism
4. Swing trigger guard away from stock and pull
straight away from stock to remove firing
mechanism. Do not rotate trigger guard more
than 90 degrees during this operation.
5. Grasp the receiver firmly with one hand and
strike the butt with palm of the other, lifting
the stock from barrel and receiver group.
6. Depress rear sight to lowest position, and turn
the barrel and receiver group on its side with
the right side upward.
7. If rifle has selector, press in and rotate until
face marked with “A” is toward the rear of the
right knob.
8. Push forward on rear of connector assembly
with right thumb, until the front end can be
lifted off the connector lock.
9. Rotate connector assembly about 35 degrees
in a clockwise direction, or until the slot at the
rear is aligned with the elongated stud on the
sear release. Lower the front end of the
connector assembly and lift it off the rear
release.
10. Turn barrel and receiver group upside down
on a padded surface.
11. Pull forward on operating rod spring,
removing pressure on the connector lock pin.
Pull the lock outward to remove the operating
rod spring guide and operating rod spring.
12. Turn barrel and receiver group right side up.
13. Pull back on operating rod, aligning key on its
lower surface with notch in receiver. Lift
operating rod free and pull to rear,
disengaging it from operating rod guide.
14. Remove the bolt by grasping the bolt roller that
engages with the operating rod and slide it
forward. Lift upward and outward with a slight
rotating motion to the right to remove bolt
from receiver.
ASSEMBLY
1. Insert the bolt from receiver group by slight
rotating potion to the right.
2. Insert operating rod from operating rod guide,
aligning key on its lower surface with bolt
engage from operating rod, then pull it
forward.
3. Turn the barrel and receiver group upside
down on padded surface.
4. Insert the operating rod spring with operating
rod guide from the hole of operating rod.
5. Push it forward, to insert it from connector
lock and push connector lock pin.
6. Insert the small hole to the rear end of
connector from elongated stud, then turn it
the connector assembly to the left, then
push it forward until the connector lock,
lock from operating rod.
7. Install stock group from receiver group.
8.Install trigger group from stock, until it
engages from receiver group.
9. Push trigger guard downward, until it
engages to the trigger mechanism.
10. Insert the magazine smoothly and firmly
until it locks from the magazine latch.
HAND GRENADES
The word "grenade" is derived from the French
grenade, meaning pomegranate
INTRODUCTION
From a historical point of view, the grenade
as a weapon is known to have been made with the
discovery of explosives. It is reported to have been
used as early as the 15th century. During that time,
the grenade was shaped like a French
pomegranate.
In the middle of the 17th century, selected
soldiers, then called “grenadiers”, were using the
grenade with fatal effects.
Sometime later, particularly in the 20th
century, attacking troops found the grenade to be
an essential weapon. It was discovered to be
effective in clearing enemy at short ranges.
Grenades are further classified as explosive,
chemical, and practice. Explosive grenades, which
produce fragmentation or blast, are primarily used
for anti personnel, harassing, incendiary, smoke-
screening, or signaling purposes.
A. TWO (2) BASIC TYPES OF GRENADES
1. The hand grenade is thrown away and fitted with
a delayed action fuse. For explosive grenades,
the delay is about 4.5 seconds. The fuse of a
chemical grenade, on the other hand, has a
delayed action of 2 seconds and usually burns
rather than explodes. Launched grenades
have instant fuses.
hand, an igniting fuse contains a small quantity of
black powder, or a powder pellet which ignites the
filler as though lighted match were applied.
The fuse has a simple functioning system.
Upon the removal of the safety pin and the release
of the safety lever, the striker rotates, pushing off
the safety lever, and continues its rotation until it
strikes the primer. The impact of the striker sets off
the primer, which in turn ignites the delay element.
After the delay element burns through its length, it
sets off either the detonator or igniter cap.

2. The launched grenade is fired from a launcher PARTS OF GRENADES

and most likely to be either the anti-
personnel explosive type, with fragmentation
warhead, or high explosive anti-tank one.
The latter’s shaped charge warhead is very
effective against armor.

B. TECHNIQUES/PROCEDURES TO BE
EMPLOYED:
Grip the hand grenade. The safest way to
grip a hand grenade for throwing is to holds it so
that the safety lever is held down by the thumb,
while keeping the pull ring (and safety clip if
present) free and facing the non-throwing hand . D. SAFETY CONSIDERATION
Position body, and arm the hand grenade. The following constitute the precautionary
You should always be in a comfortable and natural measures in handling grenades:
position. The two most important points in
accurate throwing are body-target alignment and  Do not drop a grenade after the safety pin has
eye-target focus. Line up your body with target as been removed.
though you were going to throw a football or  Do not use ball ammunition or ordinary blank
baseball. Keep watching the target as you throw,
cartridge to proper grenades.
and let your arm swing naturally to it. Follow
through with your throwing motion and take cover.  Do not tamper with duds or non-exploding
If possible, you or a buddy should watch where the grenades.
grenade lands. Make sure you properly arm the  Do not pull the safety pin until you are ready to
grenade before you throw it. The safety pin and throw the grenade.
clip should be removed while behind cover.
Note: If a grenade is accidentally
dropped after the safety pin has been removed
C. FUSES OF HAND GRENADES immediately pick up, throw it in the intended
Fuses for hand grenades are classified as direction, should “grenade,” and then seek
either detonating or igniting. A detonating fuse nearby shelter, or drop to the ground with the
contains a small quantity of violent and helmet toward the grenade.
comparatively sensitive explosive which sets off the
more inert explosive charge in the body of the
fragmentation grenade or which bursts the body
E. PROPER WAY OF HANDLING AND
and liberates the filler in the case of white
THROWING GRENADES.
phosphorous chemical grenades. On the other
 B. Fundamentals of Firing:
A soldier's development of good marksmanship
skills is generally based on how well he masters
the two principles of: proper aiming and keeping
proper and steady hold of the rifle. Understand
and master these basic principles of good rifle
marksmanship.

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD RIFLE MARKMANSHIP

1. PROPER AIMING - In aiming, the firer must

concern himself on how to correctly point his rifle
so that his projectile will hit the target when he fires.
To do this, he must have his rear sight, the blades
of his
front sight and the target or aiming points in their
proper relationship as shown in the following figure.
This is known as the proper sight picture. The
19. MARKMANSHIP following are the basic elements of a correct sight
picture:
A. Definition: SIGHT ALIGNMENT

Marksmanship – is skillful art of shooting with a

rifle and hitting the target at a given or known
distance. You must first be able to assume the
correct firing positions, which will make you and
your rifle a single steady unit. Secondly, you must
know how to correctly align your rifle with the target
and fire the weapon without disturbing this
alignment.

PLACEMENT OF AIMING POINT
Elements of correct Sight picture:
▪ Sight Alignment
▪ Placement of aiming point
2.KEEPING PROPER AND STEADY HOLD. By
assuming proper hold of the rifle, the firer is able to
steadily hold the weapon, when he aligns the sights
and when he fires the weapon. Following are the
eight factors that may affect your proper
holding of a rifle in a steady position:
➢ Left Hand Grip
➢ Rifle Butt in the Pocket of the Shoulder
➢ Right Hand Grip
➢ Right Elbow Placement
➢ Constant Stock Weld
➢ Breathing
➢ Relaxation
➢ Trigger Control
C. RIFLE FIRING POSITIONS
In combat situations, a soldier should be able to
assume the steadiest possible firing position, which
can provide him observation of the target area and
some cover and concealment. Due to the fast-
changing situations in the battlefield, he must be
able to fire his rifle effectively from different firing
positions at deferent ranges. Here are the proper
procedures in assuming the different firing
positions: (See illustrations)
STEPS IN RIFLE FIRING POSITION
1. Prone Position
➢ Step One – Stand at ready position facing
your target with left foot slightly forward.
➢ Step Two – Drop to your knees as you
hold your rifle securely.
➢ Step Three – Slowly drop to the
ground.
➢ Step Four – Hit the ground with your
left elbow as far right and forward as
possible so that it will be directly under
the rifle when your position is
completed.
➢Step Five – Place the butt of the rifle on
your shoulder and press your check
against the stock.
➢ Step Six – Keep your feet well apart
for stability.
2. Sitting Position
➢ Step One – Stand at ready position
with your left foot crossed over your
right foot.
➢ Step Two – Slowly drop to the ground,
breaking your fall with your right hand.
Keep your feet in place.
➢ Step Three – your feet must be either
crossed or placed slightly apart,
whichever is more comfortable or offer
more stable firing position.
➢ Step Four – Place your left elbow far
down or inside of your left leg.
➢ Step Five – Place the rifle butt on your
shoulder and press your cheek against
the stock.
 ➢Step Six – Place your right elbow on
inside of your right leg. Grasp pistol
grip with finger on the trigger.
3. Kneeling Position
➢ Step One – Stand at ready position
facing the target with your left slightly
forward.
➢ Step Two – Drop to your right knee
with your right leg parallel to the target.
➢ Step Three – Sit back on your heel
while holding your foot upright. You
may also sit on the side of your right
foot flat on the ground. So, it will be
directly under the rifle when position is
completed.
➢ Step Five – Place the rifle butt on your
shoulder and press your cheek against
the stock and maintain constant spot-
weld.
➢ Step Six – Grasp the pistol grip, with
right hand in the line with your shoulder
and ball of your finger on the trigger.
4.Standing Position firing
➢Step One – Stand at ready position
with your feet at a comfortable distance
apart, to ensure perfect balance. Also,
distribute your weight equally on your
both feet
.
➢ Step Two – Place the rifle butt on our
shoulder while holding your left arm
under the rifle in the most comfortable
and balanced position. Your left hand
should be grasping the upper hand guard,
slightly forward at the balance of the
rifle
. 1. ALIGNMENT – a straight line upon which
➢ Step Three – Grasp the pistol grip with
the ball of our finger on the trigger.
Keep your elbow in line or above your
shoulder.
➢Step Four – When in standing position,
always keep your body erect.
D. TRIANGULATION.
It is a method in pre-marksmanship training
wherein a shooter is taught of proper sight
alignment of his rifle with respect to his target. This
method is usually done during dry firing. A shooter
must master this method to assure that he will hit
his target with accuracy and precision. Following
are the basic steps in triangulation.
Paste a plain bond paper to a target frame
at least 25 meters away from the firer.
Provide a movable marker to the assistant.
Movable marker is a round shape cartons at least 3
inches in diameter with a pen hole at the center
and a 12 inches long stick that will serve as holder.
D. COACH AND PUPIL TECHNIQUES
During the conduct of familiarization and
record firing the shooter and the assigned assistant
create a coach and pupil relationship.
The assigned assistant to individual firer
during firing serves as the coach and provide him
the most needed materials like magazines,
ammunitions and target papers. The coach also
serves as the firer’s adviser whether he is hitting or
not on his target. The coach also reminds the firer’s
about range safety.
20. DRILLS AND CEREMONIES
INTRODUCTION
A. DRILL – consist of certain movements
by which a unit or individual are move in orderly,
uniform manner from one place to another.
Movements are executed in unison and with
precision.
B. CEREMONIES – are formation and
movements in which a number of troops execute
movements in unison and with precision just as in
drill; however, their primary value is to render
honors, and stimulate esprit de corps.
DRILL TERMS AND DEFINITION
several elements or terms are formed. It is the
dressing of elements upon a straight line. A unit is
aligned when it is dressed.
2. ARMS SWING – the swinging of arms
must be 6 inches straight to the front and 3 inches
straight to the rear of the trouser seams, with
knuckles out facing forward and fingers formed into
a fist with the thumb over the forefinger.
3.BASE – is the element on which a
movement is regulated. For instance, in executing
right front into line, the leading squad is the base.

4.CADENCE – is the uniform rhythm in
which a movement is executed. Drill movements
which are normally executed at the cadence of
quick time.
✓ SLOW TIME – is the cadence at a rate of 60
counts or steps per minutes. It usually used during
funeral march.
✓ QUICK TIME – is the cadence of 120 counts or
steps per minutes
✓ DOUBLE TIME – is the cadence of 180 counts
or steps per minutes
5. CENTER – the middle point or element of
a command. In platoon of three squads in line, the
second from the right is the center.
6.COLUMN – a formation in which the
elements are placed one behind another.
Ex: A column of files (men placed one behind
another); Column squad (squads one behind
another); and column platoon (one behind another).
7.COVER – is aligning yourself directly
behind the man to your immediate front while
maintaining a correct distance
8. Depth – is the space from front to rear of
any formation or position. This includes the front
and rear elements. The depth of a man is assumed
to be 12 inches.
9.Distance – is the space when the
elements are one behind the other.
(1)Distance between units varies with the
size of the formation
(2)Distance between the individual is an
arm’s length to the front plus 6 inches measured
from the chest of one man to the back and the man
immediately to his front.
10.ELEMENTS – is an individual, squad,
section, platoon, company, or larger unit forming as
part of the next higher unit.
11.EYES RIGHT – The direction of the face
during the eyes right should be 45 degrees to the
right side.
12.FLANK – flank’s right or left of any
formation as sensed by an element within that
formation.
13.FILE – two men, the front rank man and
the corresponding man of the rear rank. The front
rank man is the leader. A file, which has no rear
rank man, is not a file. The term file applies also to
a single man in a single rank formation. It is a
single
column of men one behind the other.
14.FORMATION – is the arrangement of
elements of a unit in line, in column or any other
prescribed manner.
• LINE FORMATION – is a formation in
which the elements are side by side or abreast of
each other,
• COLUMN FORMATION – is a formation in
which the elements one behind the other.
Note: To change a line formation to a
column formation, the command is right face. To
change
a column formation to a line the command is left
face.
15.FRONT – is the direction in which a
command faces
16.FRONTAGE – the space occupied by an
element measured from one flank to the opposite
flank. The frontage of a man is assumed to be 22
inches, measured from the right to the elbow and
therefore does not include 12 inches between all
men in line. The frontage of a squad, however,
includes the intervals between men.
17.GUIDE – the man with whom the
command or element thereof regulates its march.
18.HEAD – the leading elements of a
column. To understand this definition, one must
remember that an element is a file squad, company
or larger body forming a part of still another larger
body.
19.INTERVAL – is the lateral space
between elements on the same line. An interval is
measured between individuals from shoulder to
shoulder, and between formations, from flank to the
flank.
✓Normal Interval – is the lateral space
between men measured from right to left by the
men on the right holding his left arm shoulder high,
finger touching the right shoulder of the man to his
left.
✓ Close Interval – is the lateral space
between men measured from right to left by the
man on the right placing the heel of his left hand on
his left hip even with the belt lane, fingers and
thumb joins and extended downward with his body
and touching the arm of the man to his left.
 ✓ Double Interval – is the lateral space
between men, measured from right to left by raising
both arms shoulder high with the fingers extended
and joined (palms down) so that the fingertips acre
touching the fingertips of the man to the right and
left.
20.LEFT/RIGHT – the left/right extremity or
element of a larger body or troops.
21.LINE – a formation in which the different
elements are abreast. The expression “abreast of
each other” means on the same line.
22.OBLIQUE – an angle between 0 and 45
degrees. (Right/left oblique – march is at an angle
of 45 degrees.
23.PIECE – the term piece as used in this
text means the rifle or automatic rifle.
24.POST – is the correct place for the
officer
to stand in a prescribed formation.
25.RANK – is a line which is only one
element in depth.
26.STEP – is the prescribed distance
measured from heel of a marching man. A step
maybe any prescribed number of inches. The half
step and back step are 15 inches. The right step
and left step are 12 inches. The steps in quick and
double time are 30 and 36 inches respectively
ARRIVAL HONOR
ARRIVAL HONOR
ARRIVAL AND PRESENTATION TO THE
HONOREE
▪When the honoree is approaching, HGC
commands his staff “MGA PINUNO HANDA DALA,
KALIS”, faces about and command the troops
“BALANGAY,
HUMANDA”
▪When the honoree and host step at the dais, HGC
command the troops “TANGHAL, TA”
▪HGC commands his staff “MGAPINUNO,
TANGHAL TA”
▪HGC and staff execute “BABA, TA” after the last
note of the music.
▪HGC command his staff “MGA PINUNO HANDA
DALA, KALIS”
▪HGC faces the troops and commands “BABA, TA”
ARRIVAL HONOR
INSPECTION/TROOPING THE LINE
▪HGC salutes and report to the honoree, “GINOO,
HANDA NA PO ANG TANOD PANDANGAL
UPANG LIBUTIN”
▪At six steps from the colors, the HGC command
“GINOO, ANG MGA WATAWAT, TANGHAL, TA”
▪HGC execute present sword
▪At three steps past the colors, the HGC command
“BABA, TA”
▪ When the honoree and host step at the dais, HGC
commands “TANGHAL, TA” to the troops. HGC
commands “TANGHAL, TA” to his staff and waits
for
the honoree to acknowledge the salute.
ARRIVAL HONOR
INSPECTION/TROOPING THE LINE
▪HGC commands his staff “BABA, TA”, “MGA
PINUNO HANDA DALA, KALS”
▪HGC commands the troops “BABA, TA”
▪HGC face about, salutes the honoree “GINOO,
TAPOS NA PO ANG PARANGAL”
▪At the command “MANGYARING LUMAPIT KA”
by the honoree the HGC sheaths his sword and
approach the honoree at approximately 2 paces.
▪Upon return, the HGC face about and draw his
sword and convey the thanks extended by the
honoree to the troops.
CEREMONIAL PARADE
CEREMONIAL PARADE
FORMATION OF TROOPS
▪Organization: (Battalion Size: Two (2) Companies
with two (2) platoons per company with platoon
guides
▪Initially, the parading elements shall be formed at
the right side of the grandstand. Battalion formation
shall be either Company in column with platoons in
column or Company abreast with platoons in
column.
▪Troop Commander with staff form at the right side
of the grandstand
▪Troop ADJ initially positioned at the left side of the
grandstand at parade rest facing the line of troops
▪As soon as the GOH has positioned himself at the
grandstand the TA at carry swords move and
positioned himself at 3 paces between the band
and marker of “A” Company at 1 step facing along
the
line of the troops.
CEREMONIAL PARADE
ENTRY OF TROOPS
▪TA directs “IHUDYAT ANG PAGHAHANDA”.
▪Band immediately sounds ATTENTION CALL.
▪Ranking COY Commander commands “TALUPAD,
HUMANDA” just after the sound of attention call
then gives “SA KANANG BALIKAT, TA”.
▪The Troop Commander and staff (less adjutant)
come to attention at the same time with the troops
at the company “TALUPAD, HUMANDA” by the “A”
COY Commander.
▪TA directs “IHUDYAT ANG TAWAG ADYUTANTE”
▪Ranking COY Commander commands
“PASULONG”.
▪Band immediately sounds ADJUTANTS CALL
followed by a march music
▪Ranking COY commander gives “KAD” just before
the first beat of the march music (at the first beat of
the music, left foot should strike first)
▪ The Troop Commander and staff (less adjutant)
step off at the same time with “A” Coy at the first
beat of the music following the Adjutant call
▪ The COY Commanders command “LIKO SA
KALIWA, NA” while marching into the line of the
troops.
▪ The COY Commanders command “KALIWANG
PANIG, NA” when the troops are perpendicular
with their markers.
▪ The Platoon Guides execute double time at this
command with predetermined number of steps and
halted at order arms facing the Adjutant.
▪ The COY Commanders command “BALANGAY,
TO” one after the other and halted at the same time.
▪ The COY Commanders command “BABA, TA”
one after the other
▪ The PLs will proceed to their position after the
command “BABA, TA”.
▪ The COY Commanders will execute about face
simultaneously.
CEREMONIAL PARADE
DRESSING AND ALIGNMENT
▪The TA commands, “A BALANGAY” (After the
COY Commander faces front) and trots, positions
himself midway between the line of the troops and
the
TC.
▪ COY Commanders face about simultaneously
upon hearing the command “A BALANGAY” and
command “TUNTUN SA KANAN”.
▪ PLs face about simultaneously upon hearing the
command “TUNTUN SA KANAN” by the COY
Commanders and also commands “TUNTUN SA
KANAN, NA”.
▪ PLs then proceed by the most direct route to 1st
SQD of their respective PLTNS one step to right of
the 1st SQD LDR facing the band halt and execute
about face. The last PLTN LDR of the 2nd COY will
proceed by the most direct route to the left of his
platoon, one step to the left of the last element of
the 1st squad facing the band.
▪PLs orders “TATAG” to each squad they align
▪The last PL after shouting “TATAG” (prolonged)
will take 2 right step and 2 left step then halt,
execute left face (right face for the other PLs) then
commands “HANDA RAP” then “TUMAKIP” or
“COVER” and proceed by the most direct route to
their respective markers in front and center of their
platoon.
▪ The COY Commanders face about
simultaneously.
▪ The TA direct the COY Commanders to give the
command “MGA GABAY SUMALUNAN”
▪ The COY Commanders give the command “MGA
GABAY SUMALUNAN” one after the other
▪ The Guides execute simultaneously and position
himself aligning to the base of the squad.
CEREMONIAL PARADE
SOUND OFF (IHUDYAT)
▪ The TA directs the COY Commanders to
command “TIKAS PAHINGA”
▪ The COY Commanders execute about face
simultaneously and command “TIKAS, PAHINGA”
one after the other
▪ The TA will report to Battalion Commander
“GINOO, HANDA NA PO ANG PATIKAS”.
▪ The Battalion Commander return the salute and
command “SUMALUNAN KA”.

▪ TA commands “IHUDYAT” when the troops are in
parade rest.
▪ TA together with the Troop CDR and his staff
comes to “TIKAS, PAHINGA”
▪ Band play sound off followed by marching music
moves forward then columns left passing between
the ADJ and the troops and counter marches at the
end of the last element the march toward their
former position.
▪ The TA trot to his position.
CEREMONIAL PARADE
MANUAL OF ARMS
▪ The Battalion Commanders command to his staff
“MGA PINUNO ANTABAY BUNOT, KALIS”.
▪ The Battalion Commanders command
“HUMANDA SA PAGSASANAY SA PAGHAWAK
NG SANDATA”.

▪ After the last note of “sound off” troop ADJ ▪ The line officers will execute carry sword/guidon
together with the Troop CDR and his staff comes to bearers carry the guidon during the manual of arms
attention
▪ The Battalion Commanders will give the following
CEREMONIAL PARADE command:
HONORS TO THE NATION - “SA KANANG BALIKAT, TA”
- “KALIWANG BALIKAT, TA”
▪ The TA directs the COY Commanders to give the - “AGAP, TA”
command “MGA BALANGAY HUMANDA AT - “BABA, TA”
TANGHAL SANDATA”. - “SIYASAT, TA”
- “AGAP, TA”
▪ The COY Commanders execute about face - “BABA, TA”
simultaneously and command “BALANGAY,
HUMANDA”. “TANGHAL, TA” one after the other. CEREMONIAL PARADE
REPORTING
▪ After giving the command, the COY Commanders
will face about simultaneously facing front and ▪ The Battalion Commander direct the TA
execute present arms “TANGGAPIN ANG ULAT”.

▪ TA faces front and executes present arms. ▪ TA trots to his position and directs: “MAG-ULAT”

▪ The Battalion Commander and staff executes
“PUGAY KAMAY, NA” on the first note of the music.
▪ After the last note of “sound off” TA together with
the Battalion Commander and his staff comes to
attention
CEREMONIAL PARADE
PRESENTATION OF THE ADJUTANT
▪ The Battalion Commander and Staff execute
“BABA KAMAY, NA” after the last note of the music
▪ The TA direct the COY Commanders to give the
command “BABA, SANDATA”
▪ The COY Commanders give the command “BABA,
TA” one after the other.
▪ COY Commanders salutes and reports “GINOO,
BALANGAY, NARITO PO LAHAT O NAPAG-
ALAMAN” one after the other.
▪ TA will return the salute and face about and report:
“GINOO, BALANGAY, NARITO PO LAHAT O
NAPAG- ALAMAN”.
▪ The Battalion Commander will acknowledge the
report during the reporting by the TA.
CEREMONIAL PARADE
PUBLISHING THE ORDER
▪ After the reporting, the Battalion Commander
acknowledge the salute and direct the TA
“IPAHAYAG ANG KAUTUSAN”.
▪ The TA give the order “MAKINIG SA KAUTUSAN, HONORS
ANG MGA NAKATALAGA NGAYON, PUNONG
PANLARANGAN _______, PUNONG ▪ Battalion Commander command “KALUPUNAN
TAGAPANGALAGA _______, SA UTOS NI SUMALIKOD KO, KAD”.
_______, MGA PINUNO, HUMARAP AT
PUMAGITNA, KAD” Then execute about face and ▪ The staff execute the command accurately.
trot to his position behind the troop CDR.
NOTE: ▪ Battalion Commander commands the troops
MILITARY RANK “TANGHAL, TA” Battalion Commander commands
ENS - PULIMAGAT his staff “TANGHAL, TA”.
LCDR - HIMAGAT
LTJG - KAMAGAT ▪ Color guard execute “TANGHAL, TA”.
CDR - KALAKAN
▪ Band plays appropriate ruffles and flourishes
LTSG - MAGAT
followed by appropriate music
CAPT – LAKAN
▪ At the last note of the music Battalion
CEREMONIAL PARADE
Commander commands his staff “BABA, TA” then
OFFICER’S CENTER
face about and command the troops “BABA, TA”
▪ At the command “MGA PINUNO” the officers and
CEREMONIAL PARADE
guidon bearers execute carry sword and guidon at
INSPECTION/TROOPING THE LINE
the same time.
▪ Battalion Commander salutes and report the
▪ At the command “HUMARAP AT PUMAGITNA”,
honoree “GINOO, HANDA NA PO ANG TALUPAD
the officers and guidon bearers execute face to the
UPANG LIBUTIN”
center at the same time.
▪ At six steps from the colors, the Battalion
▪ At the command “KAD”, the officers and guidon
Commander give the command “GINOO, ANG
bearers march to the center at the same time.
MGA WATAWAT, PUGAY KAMAY NA
▪ At the command “MGA PINUNO TO, RAP KAD”,
▪ At six steps from the colors, the Battalion
at the last note of RAP, the officers and guidon
Commander give the command “BABA KAMAY,
bearers face toward the Battalion Commander’s
NA”.
position and
shove off at the command “KAD”.
▪ After trooping the line program proper will follow.
▪ The officers and guidon bearers stop and execute
CEREMONIAL PARADE
present arms at the command “MGA PINUNO, TO”
PASS IN REVIEW
▪ The officers and guidon bearers execute about
▪ Battalion Commander command “KALUPUNAN
face at the command “MGA PINUNO,
SUMALIKOD KO, KAD”.
SUMALUNAN” by the Battalion Commander and
shoved back to the line of troops at the command ▪ The staff execute the command accurately.
“KAD”
▪ When the staff reversed its position, Battalion
▪ The officers and guidon bearers execute about Commander commands “PASA MASID”
face at the command “KAD”.
▪ Battalion Commander command “HARAP SA
▪ The most senior COY Commander command KANAN, NA”
“MGA PINUNO TO, RAP KAD” to go back to their
original position. ▪ Battalion Commander command “KANANG
BALIKAT, NA”
▪ The officers and guidon bearers stop and faced
front at the same time. ▪ Battalion Commander command “PASULONG,
KAD”
CEREMONIAL PARADE
PRESENTATION OF COMMAND AND
▪ The subordinate commanders will give
supplementary commands “HARAP SA KANAN,
NA”, “KANANG BALIKAT, NA” and “PASULONG,
KAD”

▪ When the Battalion Commander commands

“PASULONG, KAD” the unit will step off
simultaneously.

▪ The elements upon reaching the marker will

execute eyes right simultaneously.

▪ The command “HANDA, TINGIN SA KANA, NA”

given when the right foot strikes the deck.

▪ The command “HANDA, HARAP” given when the

right foot strikes the deck.

▪ The execution of eyes right will be done at the

same time.

▪ The band will follow after the last platoon of the

troops.

▪ After the pass in review, the Battalion

Commander will report to the honoree, GINOO,
TAPOS NA PO AND SEREMONYA”

▪ The Battalion and staff execute “ANTABAY

SALONG, KALIS, BABA” simultaneously.

▪ The Battalion Commander and staff salute and

report to the honoree