THAHARAH

MAKALAH
Submitted to Fulfil the task of Reading text Course
Supporting Lecturer : Ustadz Faiz Nabil, MPd

Arranged by
Mega Wulandari
NIM : 210011939

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM RAUDHATUL ULUM
SAKATIGA, INDRALAYA, OGAN ILIR
TAHUN AJARAN 2022

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 FOREWORD

Praise be to Allah who has given His mercy and grace to all of us. And with the
blessing of Allah, we were able to complete the task for the course "Reading texts". We send
blessings and greetings to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. With Allah's permission, he can
bring us from the jahiliyah era to the Islamic era which was full of peace and tranquility.

In this makalah we will discuss about "THAHARAH". Although the preparation of

this makalah has been attempted optimally, the author realizes that in this makalah there are
many shortcomings. For this reason, the authors expect constructive suggestions and
criticism. And the writer hopes that this makalah can be useful for writers and readers.

Betung, 14 February 2023

Mega Wulandari

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD
LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
C. PURPOSE OF WRITING
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. DEFINITION OF THAHARAH
B. CLEANING TOOLS
C. KIND OF NAJIS, DIVISION, AND HOW TO REMOVE NAJIS
D. ISTINJA
E. ABLUTION, TAKE A BATH, TAYAMUM
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. CONCLUSION
B. ADVICE
BIBLIOGRAPHHY

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

D. BACKGROUND

God is clean and holy. To meet him, humans must first purify or be purified.
God loves something that is clean and holy. In Islamic law, purification and all its ins
and outs are included in the important part of knowledge and practice, especially
because among the conditions for prayer it has been stipulated that a person who is
going to perform the prayer must be clean from hadas and also clean the body,
clothing and place from uncleanness. In everyday life we cannot be separated from
something (goods) that are dirty and unclean so that thaharah is used as a tool and a
way to purify ourselves so that it is valid when carrying out worship.

Islam recommends always keeping the body clean as well as spiritual. Physical
cleanliness is reflected in how Muslims always purify before they worship before
Allah SWT. In essence, the purpose of purification is for Muslims to avoid dirt or dust
adhering to the body so that consciously or unintentionally cancels our series of
worship to Allah SWT.1

However, what is happening now is, many Muslims just know that purification
is limited to washing the body with water without practicing the pillars of purification
other according to Islamic law. Purification or the term in Islamic terms, namely
"Thaharah" has a broad meaning, not only ablution. . Based on this understanding in
fact, there are many benefits that we can take from the function of Taharah Taharah as
evidence that Islam attaches great importance to cleanliness and purity2

E. PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. Explain the Definition of Thaharah ?
2. Explain what tools are used to purify ?
3. Explain all of about najis ?
4. Explain Istinja and Attitude of Defecation ?
5. Explain what is ablution, bath, tayammum and how to do them?

F. PURPOSE OF WRITING
1. To know The Meaning of Thaharah
2. To know The Tools for purification
3. To know the kinds of najis, the division of najis, and how to remove najis
4. To know What is Istinja and Attitude of Defecation
5. To know What is ablution, bath, tayammum and how to do them

1
https://www.studocu.com/id/n/23784527?sid=0167662180
2
https://www.academia.edu/10876559/MAKALAH_TENTANG_THAHARAH

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

F. DEFINITION OF THAHARAH

Thaharah comes from the Arabic language, ‫ طهرة‬- ‫ يطهر‬- ‫ طهر‬which means to
purify.
Thaharah means cleanliness and purity from various impurities or clean and pure
from visible dirt or uncleanness (unclean hissi) and unclean ma'nawi (which cannot be
seen) such as disgrace and disobedience. Whereas in another book, etymologically
"thaharah" means "cleanliness" when it is said I clean clothes, what is meant is I clean
clothes. In the Fiqh book, worship in language ath- thaharah means clean from dirt,
both visible and invisible.

Whereas the term or terminology of thaharah is removing hadas, removing

impurity, or doing something similar in meaning or having a similar form to these two
activities
In another book it says that thaharah is clean from unclean haqiqi, namely khabast
or unclean hukmi, namely hadast, the definition made by the Maliki and Hamali
schools is the same as the definition used by the Hanafi school of scholars, they say
that thaharah is removing what hinders prayer, namely hadats or unclean by using
water or removing the law with the ground.

Al- Imam ibn Qodamah al Maqdisi said that thaharah has 4 stages namely:
1. Purifying the birth of hadats, uncleanness, and filth.
2. Purifying the body from sin and disobedience
3. Purifying the heart from reprehensible morals and bad traits
4. Purify the heart from other than God.
External cleanliness is clean from dirt and hadats, cleanliness from dirt, how to
remove it by removing the dirt in places of worship, clothes that are worn on one's
body Meanwhile cleanliness from hadats is done by taking ablution water and
bathing.

There are three kinds of Thaharah from hadats, namely bathing, ablution, and
tayammum. The tools used for bathing and ablution are water and soil (dust) for
tayammum. In this case, the water must be pure and purify or it is called absolute
water, while the soil/ dust must meet certain conditions. 3

G. CLEANING TOOLS

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Ibid, hlm 4

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 Taharah tool is something that is used for purification. Based on its type, thaharah
tools are divided into three, namely water, stone and dust.
1. Water, Quoting from the Fiqh Thaharah book, the water that can be used for
thaharah is holy water which purifies. This water is also known as absolute water.
Absolute water is pure water that has not been mixed with unclean things. Based
on verses and hadiths, there are several types of absolute water that can be used
for purification, including rain water, sea water, river water, well water, ice water,
and dew water.

2. Dust, If a Muslim wants to purify himself, but he cannot find water, then it is
permissible for him to thaharah using holy dust. Cleansing with this dust in Islam
is also known as tayammum.

3. Solid objects, namely solid objects that are pure from their origin and are not
subject to impurity, such as stone, red stone, ground paper (padas), dry wood,
impregnated paper or tissue and so on.

H. KIND OF NAJIS, DIVISION, AND HOW TO REMOVE NAJIS

1. Kind of najis
Najis is something that is dirty according to syar'a', for example:
1. Carcasses, except humans, fish and grasshoppers
2. Blood
3. Pus
4. Everything that comes out of the qubul and anus Dogs and pigs
6: Liquor such as alcohol and so on
7. Parts of animal limbs that are separated by being cut and so on while still alive.

2. The Devision of najis

Najis it can be divided into 3 parts
a. Mughallazhah (heavy) excrement is the excrement of dogs and pigs and all
their descendants.
b. Najis mukhaffafah (light) is the urine of a male baby who is not yet 2 years old
and has never eaten anything except his mother's milk
c. Najis mutawassithah (moderate) Avoid all najis apart from najis mughallazhah
and mukhaffafah, such as everything that comes out of the anus and anus of
humans and animals (dirt) except semen, intoxicating liquids, animal milk that
is not halal to eat, pus, blood, carcasses including bones and feathers except
human carcasses, fish and grasshoppers .

Najis mutawassithah is divided into two

a. Najis ainiyah
najis that is tangible (has color, aroma and taste).
b. Najis hukmiyah Ban najis that has no color, aroma, and taste (only the skin
remains), such as urine containers, dried alcohol and so on.

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 3. How get rid of stool
a. Mughallazhah (heavy) Stool
Something that is touched by mughallazhah feces, such as licking or dog and
pig feces, the way to purify it is to first remove the unclean thing and then
wash it with water 7 times and one of the washes should be mixed with holy
soil.
b. Najis mukhaffafah (light)
Something that is touched by najis mukhaffafah, the way to purify it is to
simply sprinkle water on the place of the najis.
c. Najis mutawassithah (moderate)
Something affected by najis mutawassithah can be purified by washing it
once, as long as the properties of the impurity (color, smell and taste) are
gone. As for being washed three times, washing or watering is better. If it's
najis hukmiyah, the way to get rid of it is just by running water on the najis.

4. Forgiven Impurity (Ma'fu)

The dirt that is forgiven means that it does not need to be washed/ washed. For
example, the excrement of an animal carcass that does not bleed, a little blood or
pus, dust and water in the hallways that splash a little that is difficult to avoid.

I. ISTINJA
Everything that comes out of the qubul and the anus, such as urine and stool, must be
purified with water until it is clean.

Attitude of Defecation
1. Not in the open
2. Not in a place where other people may be disturbed
3. Don't talk unless circumstances force it
4. If you have to defecate in the open, you should not face the Qiblah
5. Do not carry and read the sentences of the Koran

J. WUDHU, TAKE A BATH, TAYAMUM

1. Wudhu
According to the language, ablution means clean and beautiful, while according to
syara' it means cleaning the ablution members to remove small hadats.
People who want to perform the prayer, must first ablution, because ablution is a
condition for the validity of prayer.
a. Fardu ablution
Fardhu ablution there are six:
1. Intention
One should intend (deliberately) to remove hadats or purposely perform
ablution when washing his face.
Pronouncing the intention of ablution:

‫ضا ِللَّ ِه تَعَالَى‬ ِ َ‫ض ْوء ِل َر ْف ِع ْال َحد‬

ْ َ ‫ث ْاْل‬
ً ‫صغ َِر فَ ْر‬ ُ ‫ن ََويْتُ ْال ُو‬

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 2. Washing the face
Washing the whole face (starting from the growth of the hair on the top of
the head to the bottom of the chin, and from the right ear to the left ear).
3. Washing both hands up to the elbows.
4. Wiping part of the hair or scalp
5. Wash both feet up to the ankles
6. Orderly (sequential), means putting the pillars that should come first, and
ending the pillars that should be finished.

b. Ablution conditions
There are 6 conditions for ablution
1. Islam
2. Tamyiz, namely being able to distinguish the good and bad of a job.
3. Not big hadats
4. With holy water again purify
5. There is nothing to prevent the water from reaching the members of the
ablution, for example rubber, paint and so on.
6. Know what is obligatory and what is sunnah

c. Which invalidates ablution

There are four kinds of things that break ablution
1. thing comes out of the foreskin and anus, for example urinating or
defecating or wind and so on
2. lost his mind from madness, passed out, drunk, and slept soundly
3. touching the skin of men and women who are both adults, both are not
mahrams with no barriers between the two skins
4. Holding or touching the foreskin or anus with the palm of the hand or with
the inside of the fingers that are not wearing a cover

2. Take a bath
Prayer, as we know, is valid and holy from major hadats. How to get rid of large
hadats with obligatory bathing, namely washing the entire body from the crown of
the head to the toes.

- Things that require bathing:

a. the meeting of two circumcisions (intercourse), whether sperm (semen)
comes out or not, whether consciously or not.
b. Coming out of semen (sperm) whether it comes out because of a dream or
other reasons, whether intentionally or not, with his own actions or not.
(Point a and b are also called janabat/ junub).
c. .Death, and death is not martyrdom or babies who die because of it
miscarriage and the body is not yet in shape
d. Finished childbirth (childbirth, after the cessation of blood coming out of
uterus after giving birth).
e. Wiladah (after giving birth).

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 f. Finish menstruation.

- Fardhu take a bath

a. Intention.
Along with first watering the body.
Pronouncing the intention of Take a bath

‫ضا ِللَّ ِه ت َ َعالَى‬ ِ َ‫نويتُ العُ ْس َل ِل َرفَ ِع ْال َحد‬

َ َ‫ث ْاْل َ ْك َب ِر ف‬

b. Flush the whole body with water, that is, evenly distribute the water to whole
body.
c. Eliminate feces

- Sunah take a bath

a. Prioritize washing all dirt and feces from the whole body.
b. Taking ablution water first, that is, before taking a bath it is sunnah to perform
ablution first.
c. Stand
d. Facing the qibla when bathing and putting the right part first than the left
e. Reading "Bismillaahir- rahmaanir- rahiim" at the beginning take a bath
f. Thoroughly rub the whole body (skin folds up to three times.
g. Reading a prayer is like reading a prayer after ablution

3. Tayamum
Tayamum is wiping the face and both hands with holy dust. At one time,
tayammum could replace ablution and bathing under certain conditions.

Reasons for tayammum

The reasons for permissibility of tayammum are:
a. Due to the absence of water that meets the requirements of purity and I've been
trying to find it, but can't find it.
b. Refrain from using water. For example because of pain that when using water
will increase the pain.
c. The presence of water is needed for something more important

The conditions of tayammum

a. Using holy dust, which has not been used for purified, and not mixed with
anything
b. Wiping face and hands.
c. First remove feces.
d. It's time to pray. 5.

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 e. Tayammum is only for one obligatory prayer 4

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

C. CONCLUSION
Perfect cleanliness according to syara' is called thaharah, is a very important issue in
religion and is the basis for worship that brings people in contact with Allah SWT.
and perform ablutions. Even though humans are still clean, when they want to
perform prayers and other acts of worship that require ablution, they also have to
dispose of dirt on themselves and their places of worship and purify them because dirt
is very disgusting to humans.

D. ADVICE
In writing this paper, the author realizes there may be deficiencies. For this reason, the
author accepts any constructive suggestions from readers so that this paper can be
better.

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Rifa’I,moh.2019.risalah tuntunan shalat lengkap. Semarang. PT Karya toha Putra Semarang

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 BIBLIOGRAPHHY

https://www.studocu.com/id/n/23784527?sid=0167662180
https://www.academia.edu/10876559/MAKALAH_TENTANG_THAHARAH

Rifa’I,moh.2019.risalah tuntunan shalat lengkap. Semarang. PT Karya toha Putra Semarang

11