Project Name: DESIGN OF PROPOSED SCHOOL CANTEEN Design by: ROBERTO V NOLLORA JR

Owner: MS. NATALIA C. REYES Mark: 90

Location: BRGY. MAKAPILAPIL, SAN ILDEFONSO BULACAN Date: 10/14/2022
Check by: ROBERTO V NOLLORA JR

DESIGN OF CONCRETE BEAM Structural Excell Program

Material Properties: Left Mid Right

Concrete f'c = 20.7 MPa
Reinforcing fy = 275 MPa
Stirrup fy = 230 MPa

Beam Data
Span type = One end continuous
Span Length = 4.63 m
width, b = 0.25 m
height, h = 0.3 m
flexure bar Ø = 12 mm
shear bar Ø = 10 mm Layer 1 = 3 Layer 1 = 4 Layer 1 = 3
Torsion bar Ø = 12 mm Layer 2 = 0 3 pcs Layer 2 = 0 4 pcs Layer 2 = 0 3 pcs

Top

Top

Top
Layer 3 = 0 Layer 3 = 0 Layer 3 = 0
Stress Result (Any FEA or Frame Analysis)
Ratio = 0.576 Ratio = 0.957 Ratio = 0.557
Moment Left Mid Right
Layer 1 = 2 Layer 1 = 3 Layer 1 = 2
TB [kN-m] 12.05 25.5 11.65
Layer 2 = 0 2 pcs Layer 2 = 0 3 pcs Layer 2 = 0 2 pcs

Bot

Bot

Bot
BB [kN-m] 7.91 8.97 1.85
Layer 3 = 0 Layer 3 = 0 Layer 3 = 0
Left Mid Right Ratio = 0.511 Ratio = 0.421 Ratio = 0.12
Shear 16.97 0 46.21 ● Check Minimum Depth of Beam
Torsion 0.44 0 29.89 Depth = 0.25 Depth use is ok Table 409.3.1.1
4xDepth = 0.96 Depth use is ok Sec. 418.6.2.1a
ServiceMoment 9.38 20.89 9.3 Width (200 or 0.3h) = 0.2 Width use is ok Sec. 418.6.2.1b

SUMMARY CALCULATIONS
Design for Flexural Reinforcement Design for Stirrups
Used Maximum Vu = 46.21 kN Legs = 2
Top Moment Left Mid Right
The Beam Section is Adequate
Mu (kN.m) = 12.05 25.5 11.65
Distance = @50mm @2●Height
β1 value = 0.85 0.85 0.85
Applied Force, Vu = 44.71 kN 33.12 kN
Remarks = Doubly! Doubly! Doubly! Sec. 409.6.3.1
Concrete Strength, φVc= 34.12 kN 34.12 kN
ρmax = 0.00905 0.01164 0.00905
Concrete Strength, Vs max= 136.49 kN 136.49 kN
ρmin = 0.00469 0.00509 0.00453
Vmax = 170.61 kN 170.61 kN
ρused = 0.00556 0.00742 0.00556
● Compute Area Reinforcement
Reduction Fac = 0.9 0.9 0.9
Vs = 14.12 kN 0 kN
Neutral Axis = 40.1 45.8 40.1
Vs = 90.99 kN 90.99 kN
a= 34.08 38.93 34.08 Table 409.7.6.2.2
Spacing_max = 120 mm 120 mm Table 409.7.6.2.2
Tensile Strain = 0.0153 0.013 0.0153
Av_used = 157.08 mm² 157.08 mm²
ΦMn (kN.m) = 20.93 26.64 20.93
Av/S_req = 0.26 mm²/m 0 mm²/m
Av/S_min1 = 306.61 mm²/m 306.61 mm²/m
Table 409.6.3.3a
Bot Moment Left Mid Right Av/S_min2 = 380.43 mm²/m 380.43 mm²/m
Table 409.6.3.3b
Mu (kN.m) = 7.91 8.97 1.85 Av/S_used = 380.43 mm²/m 380.43 mm²/m
β1 value = 0.85 0.85 0.85 S_req = 412.9 mm 412.9 mm
Remarks = Doubly! Doubly! Doubly! S_used = 100 mm 100 mm
ρmax = 0.00669 0.00928 0.00669 10mm : 1@50mm 10@100mm 10@100mm REST @ 250mm O.C. TO C.L.
ρmin = 0.00308 0.00352 0.00072 Design for Torsion Reinforcements
ρused = 0.00371 0.00556 0.00371
Tc = 1.45 < 29.89 kN-m, must consider torsion!
Reduction Fac = 0.9 0.9 0.9
Tumax = 7.84 < Tu = 29.89 kN-m, increase section!
Neutral Axis = 40.1 44.4 40.1
Atprov = 78.54 (Av+t(used)-Av(req'd))/2
a= 34.08 37.74 34.08
Atreq'd = 0.34 <= At(prov) = 78 mm², O.K.
Tensile Strain = 0.0153 0.0135 0.0153
Atreq'd = 23 <= At(prov) = 78 mm², O.K.
ΦMn (kN.m) = 15.47 21.29 15.47
Alreq'd = 1.48 < Al(min) = 397.06 mm², thus use Al(min)
● Check Minimum according to Sec. 418.6.3 Almin = 397.06 >= Al(req'd) = 1.48 mm², thus use Al(min)
a.) 1. Least 2 at both top and bot Alprov = 452.39 add'l web bars are not required!
2. Min bar 3 (0.25*√fc)*bd/fy Total(Av+t)= 1.76 <= Av+t(prov) = 157.08 mm², O.K.
Total(Av+t)min= 57.07 <= Av+t(prov) = 157.08 mm², O.K.
3 1.4*bd/fy
3. Max bar 14 0.025*bd

b.) Positive moment at joint face shall be at least one half the negative ...

Design for Crack Control Exposure Condition = Dry Air or with Protective Membrane/ Coating
Left Mid Right
Mcr = 10.58 kN-m 10.58 kN-m 10.58 kN-m
Remark = Beam is not cracking! Beam is not cracking! Beam is cracking!
Crack Width = 0.005 mm 0.005 mm 0.225 mm
Table 4.1 = Crack width is ok Crack width is ok Crack width is ok
Table 4.2 = Since dt = 12mm < 32mm, ok! Since dt = 12mm < 32mm, ok! Since dt = 12mm > 10mm, ok!
Table 4.3 = Since S = 75mm < 300mm, ok! Since S = 75mm < 300mm, ok! Since S = 75mm > 50mm, ok!

Check Minimum Design of Beam Limit
● Compute the Minimum depth of nonprestressed beams ( Table 409.3.1.1)
Depth = 0.25 Depth use is ok
● Compute the Dimensional limits of nonprestressed beams (Sec. 418.6.2.1a)
4xDepth = 0.96 Depth use is ok
● Compute the Dimensional limits of nonprestressed beams (Sec. 418.6.2.1b)
Width (200 or 0.3h) = 0.2 Width use is ok
Design for Flexural Reinforcement
Left Side
● Applied Moment
Mu = 12.05 kN-m
● Compute the Beta (Table 422.2.2.4.3)
Beta= 0.85
● Compute required ratio of reinforcement
ρ_min1=max(0.25√fc/fy], 1.4/fy)=0.0051
ρ_min2=1.33*(Mu/φfy bd(d-a/2)
ρ_min=min(ρmin1, ρmin2)=0.00469
● Compute the actual ratio of reinforcement
ρactual = As / bd = 0.00556
● Check using Doubly Reinforce Beam
ρmax = 0.00905
Neutral Axis N/A = 40.1
a = 34.08
Tensile Strain = 0.0153
Nominal Moment(Mn] = 23.26 kN-m
● Compute the Reduction factors (Sec. 421)
φ = 0.9
● Compute the Moment Capacity
Mu = φMn = 20.93 kN-m
● Compute the Ratio of Moment Capacity
Mu / φMn = 0.576
Left Side
● Applied Moment
Mu = 7.91 kN-m
● Compute the Beta (Table 422.2.2.4.3)
Beta= 0.85
● Compute required ratio of reinforcement
ρ_min1=max(0.25√fc/fy], 1.4/fy)=0.0051
ρ_min2=1.33*(Mu/φfy bd(d-a/2)
ρ_min=min(ρmin1, ρmin2)=0.00308
● Compute the actual ratio of reinforcement
ρactual = As / bd = 0.00371
● Check using Doubly Reinforce Beam
ρmax = 0.00669
Neutral Axis N/A = 40.1
a = 34.08
Tensile Strain = 0.0153
Nominal Moment(Mn] = 17.19 kN-m
● Compute the Reduction factors (Sec. 421)
φ = 0.9
● Compute the Moment Capacity
Mu = φMn = 15.47 kN-m
● Compute the Ratio of Moment Capacity
Mu / φMn = 0.511
DETAILED CALCULATIONS
Top Moment
Mid Span
● Applied Moment
Mu = 25.5 kN-m
● Compute the Beta (Table 422.2.2.4.3)
Beta= 0.85
● Compute required ratio of reinforcement
ρ_min1=max(0.25√fc/fy], 1.4/fy)=0.0051
ρ_min2=1.33*(Mu/φfy bd(d-a/2)
ρ_min=min(ρmin1, ρmin2)=0.00509
● Compute the actual ratio of reinforcement
ρactual = As / bd = 0.00742
● Check using Doubly Reinforce Beam
ρmax = 0.01164
Neutral Axis N/A = 45.8
a = 38.93
Tensile Strain = 0.013
Nominal Moment(Mn] = 29.6 kN-m
● Compute the Reduction factors (Sec. 421)
φ = 0.9
● Compute the Moment Capacity
Mu = φMn = 26.64 kN-m
● Compute the Ratio of Moment Capacity
Mu / φMn = 0.957
Bottom Moment
Mid Span
● Applied Moment
Mu = 8.97 kN-m
● Compute the Beta (Table 422.2.2.4.3)
Beta= 0.85
● Compute required ratio of reinforcement
ρ_min1=max(0.25√fc/fy], 1.4/fy)=0.0051
ρ_min2=1.33*(Mu/φfy bd(d-a/2)
ρ_min=min(ρmin1, ρmin2)=0.00352
● Compute the actual ratio of reinforcement
ρactual = As / bd = 0.00556
● Check using Doubly Reinforce Beam
ρmax = 0.00928
Neutral Axis N/A = 44.4
a = 37.74
Tensile Strain = 0.0135
Nominal Moment(Mn] = 23.66 kN-m
● Compute the Reduction factors (Sec. 421)
φ = 0.9
● Compute the Moment Capacity
Mu = φMn = 21.29 kN-m
● Compute the Ratio of Moment Capacity
Mu / φMn = 0.421
Right Side
● Applied Moment
Mu = 11.65 kN-m
● Compute the Beta (Table 422.2.2.4.3)
Beta= 0.85
● Compute required ratio of reinforcement
ρ_min1=max(0.25√fc/fy], 1.4/fy)=0.0051
ρ_min2=1.33*(Mu/φfy bd(d-a/2)
ρ_min=min(ρmin1, ρmin2)=0.00453
● Compute the actual ratio of reinforcement
ρactual = As / bd = 0.00556
● Check using Doubly Reinforce Beam
ρmax = 0.00905
Neutral Axis N/A = 40.1
a = 34.08
Tensile Strain = 0.0153
Nominal Moment(Mn] = 23.26 kN-m
● Compute the Reduction factors (Sec. 421)
φ = 0.9
● Compute the Moment Capacity
Mu = φMn = 20.93 kN-m
● Compute the Ratio of Moment Capacity
Mu / φMn = 0.557
Right Side
● Applied Moment
Mu = 1.85 kN-m
● Compute the Beta (Table 422.2.2.4.3)
Beta= 0.85
● Compute required ratio of reinforcement
ρ_min1=max(0.25√fc/fy], 1.4/fy)=0.0051
ρ_min2=1.33*(Mu/φfy bd(d-a/2)
ρ_min=min(ρmin1, ρmin2)=0.00072
● Compute the actual ratio of reinforcement
ρactual = As / bd = 0.00371
● Check using Doubly Reinforce Beam
ρmax = 0.00669
Neutral Axis N/A = 40.1
a = 34.08
Tensile Strain = 0.0153
Nominal Moment(Mn] = 17.19 kN-m
● Compute the Reduction factors (Sec. 421)
φ = 0.9
● Compute the Moment Capacity
Mu = φMn = 15.47 kN-m
● Compute the Ratio of Moment Capacity
Mu / φMn = 0.12
 SHEAR CAPACITY CHECKS
Design for Shear Reinforcements
● Applied Force ● Applied Force
Distance @50mm from support Distance @2●Height from support
Shear Force is equal to 44.71 kN Shear Force is equal to 33.12 kN

● Check for the Section Size ● Check for the Section Size
Vs = φ*(2/3)*Sqr(fc)*b*d = 136.49 kN Vs = φ*(2/3)*Sqr(fc)*b*d = 136.49 kN
Vmax = Vs + φVc = 170.61 kN Vmax = Vs + φVc = 170.61 kN
The Beam Section is Adequate The Beam Section is Adequate

● Compute Area of Shear Reinforcement ● Compute Area of Shear Reinforcement

Vs1 = (Vu - φVc)/0.75 = 14.12 kN Vs1 = (Vu - φVc)/0.75 = 0 kN
Vs2 = (1/3)*Sqr(fc)*b*d = 90.99 kN Vs2 = (1/3)*Sqr(fc)*b*d = 90.99 kN
● Get the maximum spacing of stirrups ● Get the maximum spacing of stirrups
Since Vs1<Vs2 Then Minimum of (600mm, d/2] = 120 mm Since Vs1<Vs2 Then Minimum of (600mm, d/2] = 120 mm

● Get the Minimum Shear Area ● Get the Minimum Shear Area
Shear Area req = Vs1/(fys*d )= 0.26 mm²/m Shear Area req = Vs1/(fys*d )= 0 mm²/m
Av/S_min1=0.062*Sqr(fc)*b/fys= 306.61 mm²/m Av/S_min1=0.062*Sqr(fc)*b/fys= 306.61 mm²/m
Av/S_min2=0.35*b/fys= 380.43 mm²/m Av/S_min2=0.35*b/fys= 380.43 mm²/m
Av/S_used=Max(Shear Area req,Av/S1,Av/S2)= 380.43 mm²/m Av/S_used=Max(Shear Area req,Av/S1,Av/S2)= 380.43 mm²/m

● Compute for the Stirrup Spacing ● Compute for the Stirrup Spacing
Area_prov = AreaBar(Shear_bar) * Leg= 157.08 mm² Area_prov = AreaBar(Shear_bar) * Leg= 157.08 mm²
Spacing_req = Area_prov / Av/S_used= 412.9 mm Spacing_req = Area_prov / Av/S_used= 412.9 mm
Spacing_used = Min(Spacing_req,Max Spacing)= 100 mm Spacing_used = Min(Spacing_req,Max Spacing)= 100 mm

Design for Torsion Reinforcements

● Applied Force
Shear Force is equal to 44.71 kN Torsional Force is equal to 29.89 kN-m
● Geometry Design Parameters
> xo = width - (2 * Cover] = 170 mm > yo = height - (2 * Cover] =220 mm > Acp = height x width =75000 mm²
> Aoh = xo * yo =37400 mm² > Pcp = 2 * (height + width] =800 mm > Ph = 2 * (xo + yo] =780 mm
> Ao = 0.85 * Aoh =31790 mm²

● Compute the Cracking Torque ● Compute the Thereshold Torsion ● Remark

Tcr = φ 0.33sqrt(f'c)*(Acp^2/Pcp] = 8 kN-m Ts = Tcr/4 = 2 kN-m < 29.89 kN-m, must consider torsion!

● Compute the Tu maximum ● Remark

Tu(max] = sqrt(((φVc/bd)²+(φ0.66sqrt(f'c))²+(2φVc/bd)*φ0.66sqrt(f'c)-(Vu/bd)²)*(1.7²*Aoh^4/Ph²)] = 7.84 kN-m < Tu = 29.89 kN-m, increase section!
● Compute the At provided
At_provd = (Av+t(used)-Av(req'd))/2 = 78.54 mm²
● Compute the At required ● Remark
At_req = (Tu * TieSpacing) / (Phi * 2 * Ao * fy] = 0.34 mm² <= At(prov) = 78 mm², O.K.
● Compute the At minimum ● Remark
Atmin = Max((((0.35 * b * Spacing) / fy) - Spacing) / 2, (((0.062 * Sqr(fc) * b * Spacing) / fys) - 0) / 2, 0)= 23 mm²<= At(prov) = 78 mm², O.K.
● Compute the Al required ● Remark
Alreqd = (At_req / TieSpacing) * Ph * (fys / fy] = 1.48 mm² < Al(min) = 397.06 mm², thus use Al(min)
● Compute the Al minimum ● Remark
>= Al(req'd) = 1.48 mm², thus use Al(min)
Almin = ((0.42 * Sqr(fc) * Acp) / fy) - (Max((At_req / TieSpacing], ((0.175 * b) / fys)) * Ph * (fys / fy)] = 397.06 mm²

● Compute the Al provided ● Remark

Alprov = 4 * As_bar = 452.39 mm² add'l web bars are not required!
● Compute the TotalAvt ● Remark
TotalAvt = A_req + (2 * At_req] = 1.76 mm² <= Av+t(prov) = 157.08 mm², O.K.
● Compute the TotalAvtmin ● Remark
TotalAvtmin = Max(0.062* Sqr(fc) * b * Spacing / fys, 0.35 * b * Spacing / fys)= 57.07 mm² <= Av+t(prov) = 157.08 mm², O.K.

Design for Crack Control
Left Side
● Material Properties
n = Es / Ec = 9.353
● Applied Service Moment
Ma = 9.38 kN-m
● Section Properties at Cracking
b = width / (n*Ast) = 0.0788
r = [(n-1)*Asc]/[n*Ast] = 0.5954
Ig = (width * height^3) / 12 = 562.5x10⁶ mm⁴
fr = 0.62 * sqr(fc) = 2.82 MPa
Mcr = ( fr*Ig) / ( height /2 ) = 10.58 kN-m
● Check if Beam is cracking
Since the Ma/Mcr = 0.89 then it is not cracking!
CRACK CONTROL CHECKS
Mid Span Right Side
● Material Properties ● Material Properties
n = Es / Ec = 9.353 n = Es / Ec = 9.353
● Applied Service Moment ● Applied Service Moment
Ma = 20.89 kN-m Ma = 9.3 kN-m
● Section Properties at Cracking ● Section Properties at Cracking
b = width / (n*Ast) = 0.0788 b = width / (n*Ast) = 0.0788
r = [(n-1)*Asc]/[n*Ast] = 1.1908 r = [(n-1)*Asc]/[n*Ast] = 0.5954
Ig = (width * height^3) / 12 = 562.5x10⁶ mm⁴ Ig = (width * height^3) / 12 = 562.5x10⁶ mm⁴
fr = 0.62 * sqr(fc) = 2.82 MPa fr = 0.62 * sqr(fc) = 2.82 MPa
Mcr = ( fr*Ig) / ( height /2 ) = 10.58 kN-m Mcr = ( fr*Ig) / ( height /2 ) = 10.58 kN-m
● Check if Beam is cracking ● Check if Beam is cracking
Since the Ma/Mcr = 1.97 then it is cracking! Since the Ma/Mcr = 0.88 then it is not cracking!
● Shear-Strain compatability characteristecs
Neutral Axis Depth, Y = 73.36 mm
Icr = 156957090.63 mm^4
fc = Ma * Y / Icr = 9.76 MPa
fs = Ma / [ As_c * ( d - Y/3 )] = 210.33 MPa
● Compute of Crack Width (Gergely-Lutz formula)
Wcrk = 0.000011*β*fs*(A * Sc)^(1/3) = 0.225 mm
Where
β = (h - Y) / (d - Y) = 1.328
T = 2 * sc = 112 mm
A = (width * T) / nc = 7000 mm^2
● Allowed Crack Widths (ACI-224R-01 Table 4.1)
Allowable maximum crack = 0.225 mm
Since Wcrk is > Allowed then ok!
● Maximum bar Diameter (ACI-224R-01 Table 4.2)
fs = 210.33 MPa < 216 MPa, therefore
Since dt = 12mm > 10mm, ok!
● Maximum bar Spacing (ACI-224R-01 Table 4.3)
fs = 210.33 MPa < 216 MPa, therefore
Since S = 75mm > 50mm, ok!