TUTORIAL ON

TEMPERATURE AND
KINETIC THEORY
PART 1
Nurul Izzah bt Mukri
WHATS INSIDE THIS CHAPTER
Temperature Scale Conversion Expansion/Contraction Relations
T(oC) = 5/9 [T(oF) – 32] ∆𝑙 = 𝛼𝑙0 ∆𝑇
𝛼 − 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
T(oF) = 9/5 T(oC) + 32
∆𝑉 = 𝛽𝑉0 ∆𝑇
Every change of 5 oC = a change of 9 oF 𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
≈ 3𝛼 for uniform solids
T(K) = T(oC) + 273.15

The Ideal Gas Law In case n is fixed

(R-constant) Molecular Kinetic Energy
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
R=8.314 J/mol.K 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2
= 1 2
3
𝑇1 𝑇2 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 = 𝑘𝑇
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇 2 2
N A
If V1 = V2
k = Boltzmann constant
= R/NA 3𝑘𝑇
𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑣2 =
= 1.38 x 10-23 J/K = 𝑚
𝑇1 𝑇2
NA =6.02 x 1023 2
SOME EXAMPLES Q1- ATOMIC THEORY
How does the number of atoms in a 27.5-gram gold ring compared to the number in a silver ring of the same mass?

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SOME EXAMPLES Q8 - TEMPERATURE AND THERMOMETERS
In an alcohol-in-glass thermometer, the alcohol column has length 12.61 cm at 0.0°C and length 22.79 cm at 100.0°C.
What is the temperature if the column has length (a) 18.70 cm, and (b) 14.60 cm?

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SOME EXAMPLES Q12 & Q16 - THERMAL EXPANSION
12. To what temperature would you have to heat a brass rod for it to be 1.5% longer than it is at 25°C?

16. A brass plug is to be placed in a ring made of iron. At 15°C, the diameter of the plug is 8.755 cm and that of
the inside of the ring is 8.741 cm. They must both be brought to what common temperature in order to fit?

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SOME EXAMPLES Q34 - IDEAL GAS LAW
An air bubble at the bottom of a lake 41.0 m deep has a volume of 1.00 cm3 . If the temperature at the bottom is 5.5°C
and at the top 18.5°C, what is the radius of the bubble just before it reaches the surface?

𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔∆ℎ

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SOME EXAMPLES Q36 - IDEAL GAS LAW IN TERMS OF MOLECULES;
AVOGADRO’S NUMBER

How many moles of water are there in 1.000 L at STP? How many molecules?

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SOME EXAMPLES Q45 - MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION OF TEMPERATURE

Show that the rms speed of molecules in a gas is given by 𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 3𝑃Τ
𝜌 , where P is the pressure in the gas and 𝜌 is the
gas density

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SOME EXAMPLES Q50 - REAL GASES; PHASE CHANGES

(a) At atmospheric pressure, in what phases can CO2 exist?

(b) For what range of pressures and temperatures can CO2 be a liquid? Refer to Fig. 13–23