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A Phylum-Wide Survey Reveals Multiple Gains of Regenerative Ability in Nemerteans
A Phylum-Wide Survey Reveals Multiple Gains of Regenerative Ability in Nemerteans
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Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Developmental, Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Regeneration and Asexual Reproduction in Lophotrochozoan worms View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Eduardo E Zattara on 05 March 2016.
Agametic reproduction
Regeneration
Is regeneration a novel trajectory?
• Regeneration abilities
vary across metazoans
• Surveys that are too
coarse-grained fail to
resolve polarity of
change
• Gains?
• Losses?
• Ancestral trait state?
Zattara 2012
Regeneration in the phylum Nemertea
Hubrechtidae sp.883
Cephalothrix spiralis
Ramphogordius sanguineus
Poseidonemertes sp.
Serotonin
Acetyl-tubulin
DNA Ramphogordius sanguineus (Heteronemertea: Lineidae)
Regeneration in the phylum Nemertea
27 dpa
Anterior regeneration ability varies across species
HOPLONEMERTEANS: NO head regeneration ability
Zygonemertes albidus
Nemertopsis bivitatta
17 dpa
Poseidonemertes sp.
15 dpa
2 dpa
Anterior regeneration ability varies across species
HETERONEMERTEANS: much variation in head regeneration ability
Ramphogordius sanguineus
Baseodiscus Cerebratulus
Ramphogordius lacteus Lineus ruber Lineus viridis delineatus lineolatus
~ 20 dpa 30 dpa > 120 dpa
Phylogenetic inference results
• 117 new sequences from 32 worm samples
• Concatenated dataset ~10kbp long
• Tree topologies inferred using different methods (MrBayes, GARLI,
RAxML) were mostly similar
• Tree topologies mostly congruent with latest multigene published
phylogenies (Thollesson & Norenburg 2003; Andrade et al. 2011,
2013)
• Constraining inference to fit with published phylogenies did not
change noticeably ancestral character estimation analyses.
Distribution of regeneration and ancestral character estimation
• MrBayes phylogram
PALEO
(1.25E6 gens.) recovers
main groups
HOPLO
• Trait mapping shows
posterior regeneration
always present, but
anterior regeneration
varies
• Ancestral character
estimation yields 4 gains
of head regeneration
HETERO
• No loss of head
regeneration found
There is great variability in survival and regeneration timing