Smart Shopping Cart Using RFID

SMART SHOPPING CART USING RFID
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
AMAL SURENDRAN (IDK16EE012)

TONY K TOM (IDK16EE056)
HIMA B SURESH (IDK16EE058)
JERIN ANTONY (IDK17EE032)
to
The APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Government Engineering College, Idukki
JUNE 2021
DECLARATION
We undersigned hereby declare that the project report (“Smart shopping cart using
RFID”), submitted for partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology of the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Kerala is a
bonafide work done by us under supervision of Sri.Aneesh V A, Assistant Professor,
Government Engineering College, Idukki. This submission represents our ideas in our own
words and where ideas or words of others have been included; we have adequately and
accurately cited and referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to
ethics of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated any data or
idea or fact or source in our submission. We understand that any violation of the above will be
a cause for disciplinary action by the institute and/or the University and can also evoke penal
action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper
permission has not been obtained. This report has not been previously formed the basis for the
award of any degree, diploma or similar title of any other University.
Idukki AMAL SURENDRAN

10-06-2020 TONY K TOM
HIMA B SURESH
JERIN ANTONY
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE IDUKKI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “SMART SHOPPING CART USING RFID”
is a bonafide record of the project presented by AMAL SURENDRAN (IDK16EE012) to the
APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) is a
bonafide record of the project work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision.
This report in any form has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for any
purpose.
Internal Supervisor External Supervisor (if any)
Prof. Aneesh V.A. Prof. K. N. Chandra Bose

Assistant Professor Head of the Department
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to all those who have helped
us to complete this venture successfully.
First of all, we thank the God Almighty for these immense blessings, we would like to
express our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. C. Sathish Kumar, Principal, Government Engineering
College, Idukki for granting us permission to do this project. We express our sincere thanks to
our Head of Department Prof. K N Chandra Bose and our project guide Prof. Aneesh V A
for his valuable advice and guidance. We take this opportunity to express my profound
gratitude to our project coordinators, Prof. Vipin V. A & Prof. Dr. Jasmin EA, Department
of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, for their valuable suggestions and support. We also
express our gratitude and thanks to all our teachers and other faculty members of the
department of Electrical and Electronics, Government Engineering College, Idukki for their
sincere and friendly cooperation in completing this project.
We are also extremely grateful to our family and our friends for their love, support and
encouragement
ABSTRACT
Over the past few decades technology has been drastically changing the way of life in the
society hence lives of the current generation have been significantly improved by completely
becoming dependent on new technologies. It also allows multiple tasks to be completed in less
time along with increased efficiency and creates an entirely new way to make a living.
Shopping mall is a place where most of the people hurry to get their daily necessities. However,
shopping carts in major stores have experienced little changes and serve only for simple
purposes ever since they have been first manufactured. Consumers often face problems as they
are tedious and inconvenience to push or pull these carts around and become noticeably painful
to carry the heavy loads. Even collision occurs if obstacles arise out of sight. After this one,
needs to go to the billing counter for payments which is a time-consuming process and also
results in a long queue at the counters. We aim to design an intelligent cart that follows the
customer and makes automatic billing which provides more satisfaction and comfort.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO
1 Introduction 01
1.1 General Background 01

1.2 Problem Statement 01
1.3 Objective 02
2 Literature survey 04
3 Methodology 09
3.1 System Overview 09
3.2 RFID Technology 09

3.2.1 RFID Tag 10
3.2.2 RFID Reader 11
3.3 ESP32 12
3.4 Block Diagram 14
3.5 Algorithm 15
4 Design and Implementation 16
4.1 Component Specification 16
4.2 Schematic Diagram II 17

4.3 Working 17
4.4 Problem Formulation 18
4.5 Experimental Setup 19
5 Hardware Description 20
5.1 ESP32 20
5.2 RFID Reader 24
5.2.1 RFID Tag 25
5.3 Ultrasonic Sensor 27
5.4 DC-DC Buck Convertor 30
5.5 DC Motor 31
5.6 Motor Drive 32
5.7 Liquid Crystal Display 35
5.8 Battery 36
5.9 Power Supply 38
5.10 Simulation 38
6 Results and Discussion 39
6.1 Final Results 39
6.2 Conclusion 41
6.3 Future Scope 41
References 42
Appendix 44
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Shopping Cart 03
Figure 3.1: Smart Cart Block Diagram 14
Figure 3.2: ESP32 Block Diagram 14
Figure 4.1: Schematic Diagram of Smart Cart 17
Figure 4.2: Experimental Setup 19
Figure 5.1: ESP32 20
Figure 5.2: ESP32 Interior 21
Figure 5.3: Layout of ESP32 23
Figure 5.4: Pin Out of ESP32 Development Board 24
Figure 5.5: RFID Reader Module 25
Figure 5.6: RFID Tag Interior 26
Figure 5.7: RFID Tag 27
Figure 5.8: Ultrasonic Receiver 28
Figure 5.9: Ultrasonic Receiver Pin Diagram 29
Figure 5.10: DC-DC Buck Control 31
Figure 5.11: DC Motor 32
Figure 5.12: L293D Motor Driver IC 33
Figure 5.13: L293D Circuit 34
Figure 5.14: LCD 1602 Screen 36
Figure 5.15: Lead Acid Battery 37
Figure 5.16: Simulation Representation 38

Figure 6.1: Smart Cart 39
Figure 6.2: Smart Cart Application Interface 40

Smart Shopping Cart
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Background
Thinking of making robots, you might come up with ideas such as line tracking, obstacle
avoider, anti-drop Robot, environment monitoring Robots, etc. But what we are going to make
today, is a robotic trolley that follows an object, relentlessly. The basic function of this robot
is simple, it follows you. It goes forward as you go forward; when you stop moving, it stops as
well. We used ultrasonic sensors to identify the moving direction of the object. Here we created
an algorithm which will move the robot forward when the object is moving forward within the
programmed range and backwards in the same manner. With the birth of huge supermarkets
and shopping malls, manually arranging and handing of products to customers as well as
manual bill calculation seemed impractical and impossible. Thus, bar code based shopping
came into existence. But it too, has its own limitations and there is scope for development. In
the era of “smart”, we need to up the game for shopping as well and switch to smart shopping.
This project shall result into a new shopping experience and shall reduce the efforts made and
the time spent by an average shopper to a considerable extent. This project might also felicitate
the emergence of a smart shopping system.
1.2 Problem Statement
The various items are purchase in shopping mall or markets with help of shopping trolley. This
product acquirement is some difficult process. In customer convenience they have to pull the
trolley for each time to collecting items and simultaneously. After purchasing, customer want
to pay the bill for their purchasing. In that time, they have to wait in a long queue to get their
products scanned using RFID reader with help of barcode Scanner and get their billed. To
modify that and customer has to purchase in smart way in shopping mall. Each and every
product has to place a RFID tag to scan the product with RFID reader.The smart trolley will
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Govt. Engg. College, Idukki Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engg.
Smart Shopping Cart
consist of a RFID reader, display. When customer, if want to buy any product is insert in the
trolley. It will scan and read the product and display the cost and the name of the product in
display. The problem also comprise of the worries the consumer has about the money which
they have bought would be insufficient for all the items. The total cost of all the purchased
products will be added to the final bill, in that final bill will be displayed in the smartphone of
the consumer by a shopping application. A new concept has been introduced which is the
SMART SHOPPING TROLLEY. This project is used to improve the security performance and
also the speed of purchasing products.
1.3 Objective
The main objective is to implement a supermarket cart with the help of RFID technology,
esp32, ultrasonic sensors and motors to improvise purchasing. By the detection using ultrasonic
sensors, the cart will follow the customer. If the commodity has been placed in the shopping
cart, the price of the products appears in the remote display in the cart and in the application in
the smartphone .This is done with the help of esp32. For obstacle detection, ultrasonic sensors
are used. The total product price will be displayed in the application in the smart phone. As the
purchasing is finished, the final bill is displayed on the application in the smart phone. By using
the ”BLYNK” App, the billing can be done. This technology can be very useful as the customer
effort is reduced and customer can save time by not waiting in the billing section. The principle
point of our proposed framework is to provide an innovative design which requires minimal
effort, effectively adaptable and efficiently feasible.
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Smart Shopping Cart
Fig 1.1 Shopping Cart
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Smart Shopping Cart
Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
As per the conducted literature review on the topic, we are supposed to add some more
features to this. The main aim of the project is to make shopping more easy and comfortable.
Methodologies Mall and market is a big corner for customer to purchasing the daily
requirement like branded food item, snacks, cloth materials, electric and electronic devices etc.
Nowadays, a maximum numbers of shopping mall are available large as well as small in the
world. In holidays and weekend time we can see a huge rush at mall. The public was demand
and spending more time in shopping mall. After purchasing a long time, the customers waste
of unnecessary time at the billing counter for billing the purchased item. Continuously
improvement was compulsion in the common billing system to increase the quality of shopping
experience to the customers.
1. Human following intelligent cart system Jun-2018 by Vidya A S,Kalaivani
R. Prakash V. This paper contains how to eliminate human labour to push heavy loaded carts
and also it avoids waiting in long queues thus speeding up the billing section.
2. Design and Implementation of Automated Trolley by Using Mobile Frequency 2017 by

V.B. Vaidya, Pranjal Shende Yash Giradkar, Shubham Mohite, Shubham Zode, Rohit Singh.
It contains how to reduce human efforts and it is useful for handicap people.
3. Design and fabrication of human following smart trolley using kinect sensor for diverse
applications 2018 by Sachin Tom, Jacob. P. Oommen, Anoop. P. It reduce the manpower and
the cost of workers hired. Thus gaining more customers.
4. Design of Human Followers Trolley Robot Based on Object Tracking (Color Detection)
Method March 2019 by Denny Irawan, Misbah Jefry R Baihaqi. This idea doesn’t cause any
muscular pain while shopping and a convenient tool.
5. Person Following Shopping Cart Robot 2015 by Archana A Pillai. This paper gives idea
of RFID technology and main module is AVR microcontroller. Automatic motorized screw
jack to reduce man power May-2016 by Kamalakkannan.A, Kalaiselvan.P, Isaac.R, Vijay.V.
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Smart Shopping Cart
The author here tries to explain how to works with low cost and other advantage is that
customer care centre gives a warning when reaches the money limit.
7. Follow Me Multifunctional Automated Trolley July 2017 by L.Dehigaspege, M.K. C.

Liyanage, N.A.M. Liyanage, M. I. Marzook, and Dhishan Dhamearatchi. It have android based
tablet with extensive User Interface (UI) techniques.
8. Development of Automatic Shopping Trolley in Supermarkets Number 23 2018 by

Rajini.H Sandeep Jaiswal Prasad Kushboo. This pproduct works on Arduino MC,RFID and
bluetooth module is used.
9. Automatic Trolley Human Follower 2017 by Vikas Vikash Kumar Vikram Kumar Umesh
Nath Dr. Prateek Singh. In this topic, Customer can keep the track of the total amount.
10. Automatic Shopping Trolley using Sensors Apr -2017 by Deepali Pandita
Ashwini Chauthe Nikhil Jadhav. System consists of RFID EM18 reader and billing displayed
on LCD display.
11. Fabrication of Automated Electronic Trolley May - Jun. 2015 by Mr.Madhukara Nayak
(Assistantant Professor) Rohill Joseph. In this paper, IR and RFID implementedand it uses 555
timer IC UM-606.
12. Design of automatic mobile trolley using ultrasonic sensors 2016 by Karthik Kamath
Karunakara. This system will track and follow human movements automatically and is
controlled by UNO R3+driver.
13. Smart shopping trolley using RFID May 2015 by P.T.Sivagurunathan Seema M. Shalini
R. Sindhu. Here transmitter is used and RFID is implemente
14. RFID Based Intelligent Trolley System using Zigbee March 2015 by Aniket Wani
Krutika Thakur Nikhil Vaze Meeta Vadhel. In this paper,intelligent shopping and billing trolley
with no track of expenditure.
15. RFID Based Automatic Shopping Cart May 2018 by Deepa Saibannavar and Yogesh
Naik. This paper gives details about improved customer experience with RFID.
16. Wireless passive RFID based smart trolley with APP for billing solutions January
2018 by Vatsala Vaibhavi Shailja Roy Shweta Das. In this paperit uses automated billing
purpose using wireless network sensor and also GSM modem is used.
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Smart Shopping Cart
17. Design and of Shopping Cart by RFID Technology May 2018 by Nemalidinne Sai
Megana. Here in this project RFID and LCD screen and zigbee module is used.
18. Rfid based smart trolley for supermarket automation July -2017 by Anjali peradath
Anjali purushothaman Anjanagopinath Anusree k Mr.Nithin joe. This system consists of RFID
EM18 reader and robotic arm is used for picking.
19. Smart Trolley Using RFID Jan 2019 by Vaishali Rane Krutik Shah Kaushal Vyas Sahil
Shah Nishant Upadhyay. Here in this paper additionl feature is that net banking is included.
20. Automatic Trolley Human Follower 2017 by Umesh Nath Dr. Prateek Singh. This paper
includes payment process through LCD
RFID is a technology that permit exchange of information amongst labels and reader without
the need of viewable pathway over a separation up to a couple of 10 meters relying upon the
sort of label engaged. For this framework the information is being swapped by radio waves and
distinct tags can be scrutinized or collected normally. This part is designed to survey the current
technology writing and probe the problems in the existing RFID organization starting from the
transformation to yet in its recognition phase.
There have been various attempts which were carried out in the past to eliminate lengthy
shopping lines in retail stores. One of the famous approaches is the introduction of self-
checkouts where customer convenience has been improved drastically. Self-check outs have
been popular since then due to low overhead cost; however, the shoplifting and lower operating
efficiencies are considered as major drawbacks in the retail environment.
In 2005, Fujitsu, a Japanese company has demonstrated a shopping trolley with an inbuilt
barcode scanner. The barcode scanner was used to scan both products and loyalty cards in real
time. However, this shopping trolley does not fully solve issues such as in store stock
management and shoplifting.
Amazon has recently come up with a smart retail store concept “AmazonGo” where the
customer pick a product from the product gets tracked and self-checked. The AmazonGo
system uses image processing, neural networks and deep learning algorithms to forecast which
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Smart Shopping Cart
item is picked by the consumers. The system accuracy largely depends on consumers historical
purchased patterns. AmazonGo also uses sensor fusion techniques to process multiple images
taken from cameras around the retail store to predict best estimate of an item picked by the
consumer in real time. Finally, Panasonic, another Japanese company has come up with a RFID
based shopping basket where each item is tagged using UHF RFID (ranging from 916-
924MHz). Panasonic has revealed that this smart basket is part of “cashier free convenient store
concept” where customers can drop items into the basket and each product gets scanned
through a self-serving kiosk
Zubin Thomas, Nikil Kumar and D. Jyothi Preshiya (2016) had proposed that Automatic
Billing System using Li-Fi Module will be the effective way to Reduce the human effort . LiFi
is cellular wireless networking (re)using lights. Specifically, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are
used in LiFi as visible light Transmitters. They proposed about the billing done by the Lifi
device. The Lifi is a costly device which is not to be practically implemented in all malls,
whereas the RFID is used instead of LiFi.
Mr.P. Chandrasekar and Ms.T. Sangeetha (2014) proposed that automated billing system using
RFID and ZigBee communication. Here, each product of shopping mall, super markets will be
provided with a RFID tag, to identify its type. Each shopping cart is designed or implemented
with a Product Identification Device (PID) that contains microcontroller, LCD, an RFID reader,
EEPROM, and ZigBee module. Purchasing product information will be read through a RFID
reader on shopping cart, meanwhile product information will be stored into EEPROM attached
to it and EEPROM data will be send to Central Billing System through ZigBee module. From
this, the idea of using a PIC Microcontroller instead of Zigbee has been utilized.
H.G.Rodney Tan,C.H.Lee,V.H.Mok proposed that Automatic Power meter reading using GSM
network. In that, GSM Power Digital Meter (GPM) is installed in every consumer unit and an
electricity ebilling system at the energy provider side. The web portal is used in the power
meter reading wherein we use a mobile application for the trolley.
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Smart Shopping Cart
Human following smart trolley is a nontraditional trolley which has the capability to follow the
human footsteps rather than being taken on by the consumer. To name it as smart it has some
special features like, auto bill generation, automatic parking, theft prevention feature and
tracing of the same in place. On the further development of the product an application is
developed to control the navigation system of the trolley. In the application it has two different
operating modes such as shopping mode and parking mode. After the purchase of items by
activating parking mode the trolley will automatically parked in the specified area for parking.
At that situation it is acting as a line following robot. On the other hand during shopping mode
it is an obstacle avoiding human following robot. In future if the finance sources allows the
application can be further developed into an exclusive app cum wallet feature, which will
permanently eradicate the billing counters in the stores. Academicians and researches are
always interested in the optimum method to follow a human being by avoiding collisions and
other navigation issues. Even though there are several methods available like the usage of
Ultrasonic sensor, Laser beams or gyroscope each of the methods has its own difficulties. The
latest method used by several researchers are the method of Kinect sensor. Kinect sensor is
actually a complicated sensor made for Xbox games by Microsoft. But the same is widely used
these days in robotic applications. The same method will be tried to use in optimum manner in
this work. Other facilities such as auto bill generation, automatic parking and theft prevention
are comparatively easy tasks to implement since, it has some former examples to follow.
Recent trends in the industry and academics clearly establishes the fact that automation will be
the future of humankind. Hence, the work like this will provide an extra boost to the same.
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Smart Shopping Cart
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 System Overview

The proposed system automatically avoids an obstacle, and to interact and communicate with
the person, trolley should follow the particular person. To achieve this target the goal of our
work is to design and fabricate a robot that not only tracks the customer movement but also
move towards by avoiding obstacles while tracking. To make things simpler, ultrasonic sensors
are placed on the cart that helps to follow customer movements. Tag plays essential role as per
as uniqueness is a concern and makes the task easy. The trolley is mechanically designed, and
electrical components are also used. All processing is carried out using an esp32.
The smart shopping system consists of trolleys that are incorporated with RFID readers and in
all the commodities present in the shopping complex a RFID card is given to the customer that
activates the shopping cart and start to follow the customer by the help of ultrasonic sensors
placed in the cart. As soon as the customer place the product they want to buy into the cart, the
RFID reader attached to the cart detects the RFID card number of the product to identify it.
Each RFID card number is linked to the product it describes. All the information regarding the
product associated with the RFID card is stored in the database which can be retrieved using a
centralized server. All the activities are coordinated together using an esp32 controller. Each
customer is given a membership card. When the customer swipes the membership card, all his
login information is displayed on the web application. The application is dynamically updated
as and when the customer places the bought commodities into the cart. The informative details
of the commodity are flashed on the screen attached to the trolley. The addition and removal
of the products from the trolley is monitored using IR sensors. When the customer finishes
shopping, all the product details and final payment can be done through customer smartphone
by Blynk application. The customer can pay the bill online or through mobile wallet. After the
payment of the bill, the database is updated and the user can leave the store.
3.2 RFID Technology
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Smart Shopping Cart
RFID (radio frequency identification) is a form of wireless communication that incorporates

the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object.
Every RFID system consists of three components: a scanning antenna, a transceiver and a
transponder. When the scanning antenna and transceiver are combined, they are referred to as
an RFID reader or interrogator. The RFID reader is a network-connected device that can be
portable or permanently attached. It uses radio frequency waves to transmit signals that activate
the tag. Once activated, the tag sends a wave back to the antenna, where it is translated into
data.
The transponder is located in the RFID tag itself. The read range for RFID tags varies based on
factors including the type of tag, type of reader, RFID frequency and interference in the
surrounding environment or from other RFID tags and readers. Generally speaking, tags that
have a stronger power source also have a longer read range.
All RFID systems are comprised of two main components:
1. RFID tag
2. RFID card reader
3.2.1 RFID Tag

RFID tags are a type of tracking system that uses smart barcodes in order to identify items.
RFID is short for “radio frequency identification,” and as such, RFID tags utilize radio
frequency technology. These radio waves transmit data from the tag to a reader, which then
transmits the information to an RFID computer program. An RFID tag may also be called an
RFID chip.
An RFID tag works by transmitting and receiving information via an antenna and a microchip
— also sometimes called an integrated circuit or IC. The microchip on an RFID reader is
written with whatever information the user wants.
There are two main types of RFID tags: battery-operated and passive. As the name suggests,
battery-operated RFID tags contain an on board battery as a power supply, whereas a passive
RFID tag does not, instead working by using electromagnetic energy transmitted from an RFID
reader. Battery-operated RFID tags might also be called active RFID tags.
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Passive RFID tags use three main frequencies to transmit information: 125 – 134 KHz, also
known as Low Frequency (LF), 13.56 MHz, also known as High Frequency (HF) and Near-
Field Communication (NFC), and 865 – 960 MHz, also known as Ultra High Frequency (UHF).
The frequency used affects the tag’s range. When a passive RFID tag is scanned by a reader,
the reader transmits energy to the tag which powers it enough for the chip and antenna to relay
information back to the reader. The reader then transmits this information back to an RFID
computer program for interpretation. There are two main types of passive RFID tags: inlays
and hard tags. Inlays are typically quite thin and can be stuck on various materials, whereas
hard tags are just as the name suggests, made of a hard, durable material such as plastic or
metal.
Active RFID tags use one of two main frequencies — either 433 MHz or 915 MHz to transmit
information. They contain three main parts, including a tag, antenna, and interrogator. The
battery in an active RFID tag should supply enough power to last for 3-5 years. When it dies,
the unit will need replaced, as the batteries are not currently replaceable. There are two main
kinds of active RFID tags: beacons and transponders. Beacons send out an information ping
every few seconds, and their signal is readable from several hundreds of feet away. Because
they are sending out data so frequently, their battery tends to deplete quicker. Like passive
RFID tags, transponders require the use of a reader to transmit information. When within range
of one another, a reader first sends out a signal to the transponder, which then pings back with
the relevant information. Because they only activate when near a reader, transponders are much
more battery-efficient than beacons.
3.2.2 RFID Reader

An RFID reader is the brain of the RFID system and is necessary for any system to function.
Readers, also called interrogators, are devices that transmit and receive radio waves in order to
communicate with RFID tags. RFID readers are typically divided into two distinct types –
Fixed RFID Readers and Mobile RFID Readers. Fixed readers stay in one location and are
typically mounted on walls, on desks, into portals, or other stationary locations.
A common subset of fixed readers is integrated readers. An integrated RFID reader is a reader
with a built-in antenna that typically includes one additional antenna port for the connection of
an optional external antenna as well. Integrated readers are usually aesthetically pleasing and
designed to be used for indoor applications without a high traffic of tagged items.
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Mobile readers are handheld devices that allow for flexibility when reading RFID tags while
still being able to communicate with a host computer or smart device. There are two primary
categories of Mobile RFID readers – readers with an on-board computer, called Mobile
Computing Devices, and readers that use a Bluetooth or Auxiliary connection to a smart device
or tablet, called Sleds. Fixed RFID Readers typically have external antenna ports that can
connect anywhere from one additional antenna to up to eight different antennas. With the
addition of a multiplexer, some readers can connect to up to 32 RFID antennas. The number of
antennas connected to one reader depends on the area of coverage required for the RFID
application. Some desktop applications, like checking files in and out, only need a small area
of coverage, so one antenna works well. Other applications with a larger area of coverage, such
as a finish line in a race timing application typically require multiple antennas to create the
necessary coverage zone.
The RF field generated by a tag reader (the energy transmitter) has three purposes:
1. Induce enough power into the tag coil to energize the tag: Passive tags have no battery or
other power source; they must derive all power for operation from the reader field. 125 kHz
and 13.56 MHz tag designs must operate over a vast dynamic range of carrier input, from the
very near field (in the range of 200 VPP) to the maximum read distance (in the range of 5 VPP).
2. Provide a synchronized clock source to the tag: Most RFID tags divide the carrier frequency
down to generate an on-board clock for state machines, counters, etc., and to derive the data
transmission bit rate for data returned to the reader. Some tags, however, employ on-board
oscillators for clock generation.
3. Act as a carrier for return data from the tag: Backscatter modulation or load modulation
requires the reader to peak-detect the tag’s modulation of the reader’s own carrier.
3.3 Esp32
The ESP32 development board, which was released as a successor to the ESP8266 chip, made
a huge impact on the IoT industry as it integrated Bluetooth with Wi-Fi and utilized a dual-core
processor. ESP32-S3 is the latest addition to Espressif’s microcontroller series, specifically
designed for AIoT applications. Let us have a detailed overview of the features. The ESP32-S3
has 384 KB of RAM and an additional 512 KB of SRAM. The dual-core CPU has a clock
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speed of up to 240 MHz. It comes built-in with 2.4 GHz, 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi, and 40 MHz of
bandwidth support. It features Bluetooth Low Energy 5.0 connectivity capable of long-range
communication over 1 km through the coded PHY layer. it also supports higher transmission
speeds and data throughput with 2 Mbps transfer support. An impressive feature of the ESP32-
S3 is that both Wi-Fi and BLE have a superior RF performance even at high temperatures. The
ESP32-S3 has a total of 44 programmable GPIO pins, which is ten more than that of the ESP32-
S2, and it supports a rich set of peripherals like SPI, I2C, UART, I2S, PWM, RMT, ADC, DAC,
SD/MMC host and TWAI. 14 GPIO pins can be configured for HMI or Human Machine
Interface applications. Also, the chip comes with an ultra-low-power (ULP) core that supports
multiple low-power modes. The ESP32-S3 is made very secure as it supports AES-XTS-based
flash encryption, RSA-based secure boot, digital signature, and HMAC. It also has a “world
controller” peripheral that implements a trusted-execution environment by providing two fully-
isolated execution environments. A major highlight of the ESP32-S3 would be its powerful AI
acceleration features and support for AIoT applications. The Xtensa LX7 core has been
extended with vector instructions. Vector instructions are essentially a class of instructions that
enable parallel processing of AI datasets, thereby improving performance and power
efficiency. Such instructions can be leveraged for digital signal processing and neural network
computing. Developers at Espressif are currently working on updates for the ESP-WHO
library for face detection and the ESP-Skainet library for voice recognition.
SB Development Board 32. E.s. P 32 is a low-cost system in the chip series made by the system.
This is an increase in E.S.P eight to six six six which is widely used in Internet of Things
projects. Their Aspy, 32, has the ability of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, which makes it chip all that is
rounded for the development of the internet project and the embedded system engineer. Now,
some of the main specifications for E.s. P 32, when it comes to chip specifications, you will
find that it has a dual-core, which means that it has two processors. It also has Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth built. And you don't need to plug every use of B Dongle to activate Wi-Fi or get a
module. It runs a 32-bit program. The clock frequency can rise to 240 megahertz and have 512
kilobytes of this special board have 30 or 36 rounds, 15 in each row. It also has various kinds
of peripherals available, such as capacitive touch sensors and digital converters, digital
analogue converter Universally, asynchronous series communication modules, SPI, ice squirts
and more than this board are equipped with effects and saws built and built and built
temperature sensors, So this board is everything you need to start in a short time on the internet
world.
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3.4 Block Diagram
Fig 3.1 Smart Cart Block Diagram
Fig 3.2 ESP32 Block Diagram
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3.6 Algorithm
1. Start
2. Activate the esp 32
3. Initialize the modules
4. Start the Ultrasonic sensor.
5. Customer scan their RFID tag with the cart the cart and RFID tag are connected...
6. RFID scanner ready for reading the Unique IDs of products
7. If a product is scanned the item is added to the cart and the detail is stored as a list
8. Else continue
9. Search for the recognition object
10. Lock the recognised object
11. Calculate position of the object on the plane
12. Activate the relay as per the object position
13. If the Customer's RFID is scanned the Cart is converted into a string
14. Else go to step 6
15. The total payment amount is generated using the string.
16. End
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Chapter 4
Design and Implementation
4.1 Component Specifications

i. Esp32
ii. RFID Reader
iii. LED
iv. LCD1602 screen
v. LM2596 DC to DC buck converter
vi. Ultrasonic sensors
vii. Motors
viii. Motor Drivers
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4.2 Schematic Diagram II
Fig 4.1 Schematic Diagram of Smart Cart
4.3 Working
Every customer have unique RFID tag and when Customer scan the RFID tag with the RFID
reader in the cart, the cart and RFID tag are connected. Customer is detected by the Ultrasonic
sensor module and the Esp32 is coded to follow the object. Trolley movement is done using
the object detection. RFID tag is also provided on each product which contains a Unique ID
and the RFID reader is kept in the cart. These IDs are fed in the database assigned to the
corresponding products .When a customer with the cart enters a shopping aisle, the RFID
reader scans the product before putting it into trolley. If there needs to be a purchase done, then
that product can be dropped in the cart where the RFID reader reads the tag. After scanning the
product name and price will be added into the cart list .The relevant products information is
displayed on the display unit. The information of the product is extracted and displayed on the
LCD screen. At the same time billing information is also updated. At the end of shopping, the
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customer can exit by swiping the end card and total bill displayed on LED screen and app on
mobile.
By using an app in the mobile phone the total price can be paid digitally. Inventory status of
the products is also updated at the end of shopping.
4.4 Problem formulation

Once the consumer gets his desired product from the shelf in the retail store and scan with
RFID reader in the cart, the RFID reader reads the tag on the product and the product
information is displayed on the LCD screen. Side by side, the billing information is also
updated. The working of the smart shopping cart can be explained in the following steps:
i. The customer scans the items to be purchased in the shopping cart which is embedded with
a RFID reader and a screen displaying the details like cost of item, total bill etc...
ii. Items should have the RFID tag that will allow to read the price and calculate the price of
the items added in cart.
iii. Once the customer is done with adding the items, the customer needs to swipe the end card
to exit shopping.
iv. The Customer can pay the bill digitally.
v. The customer need not have to wait in queue for billing and waste his time, the customer can
directly use E-wallet of store/third party wallet/any Digital payment mode to pay the bill.
vi. Once the bill is paid, the server is updated and acknowledge to the customer is sent by SMS
as well as is displayed on shopping cart.
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4.5 Experimental Setup
Fig 4.2 Experimental Setup
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Chapter 5
Hardware description
5.1 ESP32
ESP32 is a low-cost System on Chip (SoC) Microcontroller from Espressif Systems, the
developers of the famous ESP8266 SoC. It is a successor to ESP8266 SoC and comes in both
single-core and dual-core variations of the Tensilica’s 32-bit Xtensa LX6 Microprocessor with
integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
The good thing about ESP32, like ESP8266 is its integrated RF components like Power
Amplifier, Another important thing to know about ESP32 is that it is manufactured using
TSMC’s ultra-low-power 40 nm technology. So, designing battery operated applications like
wearables, audio equipment, baby monitors, smart watches, etc., using ESP32 should be very
easy-Noise Receive Amplifier, Antenna Switch, Filters and RF Balun. This makes designing
hardware around ESP32 very easy as you require very few external components.
Fig 5.1 ESP32
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Another important thing to know about ESP32 is that it is manufactured using TSMC’s ultra-
low-power 40 nm technology. So, designing battery operated applications like wearables, audio
equipment, baby monitors, smart watches, etc., using ESP32 should be very easy.
Fig 5.2 ESP32 Interior
Specifications of ESP32
ESP32 has a lot more features than ESP8266 and it is difficult to include all the specifications
in this Getting Started with ESP32 guide. So, I made a list of some of the important
specifications of ESP32 here. But for complete set of specifications, I strongly suggest you to
refer to the Datasheet.
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 Single or Dual-Core 32-bit LX6 Microprocessor with clock frequency up to 240 MHz
 520 KB of SRAM, 448 KB of ROM and 16 KB of RTC SRAM.
 Supports 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi connectivity with speeds up to 150 Mbps.
 Support for both Classic Bluetooth v4.2 and BLE specifications.
 34 Programmable GPIOs.
 Up to 18 channels of 12-bit SAR ADC and 2 channels of 8-bit DAC
 Serial Connectivity include 4 x SPI, 2 x I2C, 2 x I2S, 3 x UART.
 Ethernet MAC for physical LAN Communication (requires external PHY).
 1 Host controller for SD/SDIO/MMC and 1 Slave controller for SDIO/SPI.
 Motor PWM and up to 16-channels of LED PWM.
 Secure Boot and Flash Encryption.
 Cryptographic Hardware Acceleration for AES, Hash (SHA-2), RSA, ECC and RNG.
Layout
There are many ESP32 Boards based on ESP-WROOM-32 Module available in the market.
The layout, pinout and features vary from board to board.
The board which I have has 30 Pins (15 pins on each side). There are some board with 36 Pins
and some with slightly less Pins. So, double check the pins before making connections or even
powering up the board.
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Fig 5.3 Layout of ESP32
As you can see from the image, the ESP32 Board consists of the following:
 ESP-WROOM-32 Module
 Two rows of IO Pins (with 15 pins on each side)
 CP2012 USB – UART Bridge IC
 micro–USB Connector (for power and programming)
 AMS1117 3.3V Regulator IC
 Enable Button (for Reset)
 Boot Button (for flashing)
 Power LED (Red)
 User LED (Blue – connected to GPIO2)
 Some passive components
An interesting point about the USB-to-UART IC is that its DTR and RTS pins are used to
automatically set the ESP32 in to programming mode (whenever required) and also rest the
board after programming.
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Pin out of ESP32 Board
Fig 5.4 Pin out of ESP32 Development Board
As you can see from the figure, each pin has more than one possible functionality and while
using a pin for particular task, double check its alternative functions.
Another version of ESP32 DevKit Board comes with 36-pins. This version is not as popular as
the 30-pin version. But if you happen to have a 36-pin ESP32 board, the following pinout will
be very helpful.
Note that the pinout of both the 30-pin and the 36-pin versions of ESP32 Development Boards
are very identical except for some pins at the bottom. In the 36-Pin version, 6 GPIO pins
(GPIO6 to GPIO11) are used for SPI Flash IC. So, they shouldn’t be used for other purposes.
Finally, you just get one extra pin (GPIO0 – Pin 23).
5.2 RFID Reader
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Fig 5.5 RFID Reader Module
RFID reader module EM-18 are a simple add-on you can connect to an Esp 32 to read
RFID tags and cards. This is potentially a great feature to include in a security system or any
application where you need to identify an object or person without them pressing buttons,
operating switches or other sensors. The contactless tags can be carried on a key-ring and the
cards fit nicely in a wallet. Both of them can be hidden inside other objects to give them a
unique ID that can be read by the esp 32.
5.2.1 RFID TAG
The passive RFID tags do not have any power source and hence they have indistinct operational
life span. The power needed for functioning is taken from the reader when the tag comes in the
vicinity of the reader. The passive RFID is basically made up of three parts: Antenna which is
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responsible for capturing energy and transferring the tag ID, Semiconductor chip appended to
the antenna and an encapsulation which maintains the tag integrity. The encapsulation protects
the antenna and chip from harsh environmental conditions.
The Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band is the frequency range from 300 MHz to 1 GHz. RFID
systems that operate in this frequency band are called Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID
Systems. UHF RFID tags/readers usually operate at 433 MHz and from 860 to 960 MHz UHF
RFID tags operate using the far-field radiative coupling principle or backscatter coupling
principle. UHF RFID tags have a much higher read range when compared to LF and HF tags.
Fig 5.6 RFID Tag Interior
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Fig 5.7 RFID Tag
5.3 Ultra sonic sensor
Features
1. Operating voltage: +5V
2. Theoretical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 450cm
3. Practical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 80cm
4. Accuracy: 3mm
5. Measuring angle covered: ¡15°
6. Operating Current: ¡15mA
7. Operating Frequency: 40Hz
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Working
As shown above the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4 pin module, whose pin names are
Vcc, Trigger, Echo and Ground respectively. This sensor is a very popular sensor used in many
applications where measuring distance or sensing objects are required. The module has two
eyes like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver. The sensor
works with the simple high school formula that
Distance = Speed × Time
The Ultrasonic transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, this wave travels in air and when it
gets objected by any material it gets reflected back toward the sensor this reflected wave is
observed by the Ultrasonic receiver module as shown in the picture below
Fig 5.8 Ultrasonic Receiver
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Fig 5.9 Ultrasonic Receiver Pin Diagram
Now, to calculate the distance using the above formulae, we should know the Speed and time.
Since we are using the Ultrasonic wave we know the universal speed of US wave at room
conditions which is 330m/s. The circuitry inbuilt on the module will calculate the time taken
for the US wave to come back and turns on the echo pin high for that same particular amount
of time, this way we can also know the time taken. Now simply calculate the distance using a
micro controller or microprocessor.
HC-SR04 distance sensor is commonly used with both microcontroller and microprocessor
platforms like Arduino, ARM, PIC, Raspberry Pie etc. The following guide is universally since
it has to be followed irrespective of the type of computational device used.
Power the Sensor using a regulated +5V through the Vcc ad Ground pins of the sensor. The
current consumed by the sensor is less than 15mA and hence can be directly powered by the
on board 5V pins (If available). The Trigger and the Echo pins are both I/O pins and hence they
can be connected to I/O pins of the microcontroller. To start the measurement, the trigger pin
has to be made high for 10uS and then turned off. This action will trigger an ultrasonic wave
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at frequency of 40Hz from the transmitter and the receiver will wait for the wave to return.
Once the wave is returned after it getting reflected by any object the Echo pin goes high for a
particular amount of time which will be equal to the time taken for the wave to return back to
the sensor.
The amount of time during which the Echo pin stays high is measured by the MCU/MPU as it
gives the information about the time taken for the wave to return back to the Sensor.
5.4 DC-DC Buck Converter
DC-DC Buck Converter Step Down Module LM2596 Power Supply is a step-down (buck)
switching regulator, capable of driving a 3-A load with excellent line and load regulation. These
devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V, and an adjustable output
version. The LM2596 series operates at a switching frequency of 150 kHz, thus allowing
smaller sized filter components than what would be required with lower frequency switching
regulators.
Specifications
 Conversion efficiency: 92%(highest)

 Switching frequency: 150KHz
 Output ripple: 30mA9maximum)
 Load Regulation: ± 0.5%
 Voltage Regulation: ± 0.5%
 Dynamic Response speed: 5% 200uS
 Input voltage:4.75-35V
 Output voltage:1.25-26V(Adjustable)
 Output current: Rated current is 2A,maximum 3A(Additional heat sink is required)
 Conversion Efficiency: Up to 92% (output voltage higher, the higher the efficiency)
 Switching Frequency: 150KHz
 Rectifier: Non-Synchronous Rectification
 Module Properties: Non-isolated step-down module (buck)
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 Short Circuit Protection: Current limiting, since the recovery

 Operating Temperature: Industrial grade (-40 to +85 ) (output power 10W or less)
Fig 5.10 DC-DC Buck Convertor
5.5 DC Motor
Although ac motors are used in most of the cases, DC motors have many applications and used
for multi-purpose applications.
DC Motor Principle
A machine that converts dc power into mechanical energy is known as dc motor. Its operation
is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field,
the conductor experiences a mechanical force. The direction of the force is given by Fleming’s
left hand rule.
Advantages
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Although a greater percentage of electric motors in service are ac motors, the dc motor is of
considerable industrial importance. The principle advantage of a dc motor is that its speed can
be changed over a wide range by a variety of simple methods. Such a fine speed control is
generally not possible with AC motors. In fact, fine speed control is one of the reasons for the
strong competitive position of DC motors in the modem industrial applications.
Fig 5.11 DC Motor
5.6 Motor Drive
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Fig 5.12 L293D Motor Driver IC
The L293D is a popular 16-Pin Motor Driver IC. As the name suggests it is mainly used to
drive motors. A single L293D IC is capable of running two DC motors at the same time; also
the direction of these two motors can be controlled independently. So if you have motors which
has operating voltage less than 36V and operating current less than 600mA, which are to be
controlled by digital circuits like Op-Amp, 555 timers, digital gates or even Micron rollers like
Arduino, PIC, ARM etc..
Using this L293D motor driver IC is very simple. The IC works on the principle of Half H-
Bridge, let us not go too deep into what H-Bridge means, but for now just know that H bridge
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is a set-up which is used to run motors both in clock wise and anti-clockwise direction. As said
earlier this IC is capable of running two motors at the any direction at the same time, the circuit
to achieve the same is shown below.
Fig 5.13 L293D Circuit
All the Ground pins should be grounded. There are two power pins for this IC, one is the Vss
(Vcc1) which provides the voltage for the IC to work, this must be connected to +5V. The other
is Vs (Vcc2) which provides voltage for the motors to run, based on the specification of your
motor you can connect this pin to anywhere between 4.5V to 36V, here I have connected to
+12V.
The Enable pins (Enable 1, 2 and Enable 3, 4) are used to Enable Input pins for Motor 1 and
Motor 2 respectively. Since in most cases we will be using both the motors both the pins are
held high by default by connecting to +5V supply. The input pins Input 1, 2 are used to control
the motor 1 and Input pins 3, 4 are used to control the Motor 2. The input pins are connected
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to the any Digital circuit or microcontroller to control the speed and direction of the motor. You
can toggle the input pins based on the following table to control your motor.
Features
 Can be used to run Two DC motors with the same IC.

 Speed and Direction control is possible
 Motor voltage Vcc2 (Vs): 4.5V to 36V
 Maximum Peak motor current: 1.2A
 Maximum Continuous Motor Current: 600mA
 Supply Voltage to Vcc1(Vss): 4.5V to 7V
 Transition time: 300ns (at 5Vand 24V)
 Automatic Thermal shutdown is available
 Available in 16-pin DIP, TSSOP, SOIC packages
Applications
 Used to drive high current Motors using Digital Circuits

 Can be used to drive Stepper motors
 High current LED’s can be driven
 Relay Driver module (Latching Relay is possible)
5.7 Liquid Crystal Display
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Fig 5.14 LCD 1602 Screen
Alphanumeric displays are used in a wide range of applications, including palmtop computers,
word processors, photocopiers, point of sale terminals, medical instruments, cellular phones,
etc. The 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224
different characters and symbols. LCD components are “specialized” for being used with the
microcontrollers, which means that they cannot be activated by standard IC circuits. All LCD
commands are transmitted serially via a single microcontroller pin. They are used for writing
different messages on a miniature LCD. LCD display is an output module which have been
controlled by LPC2148. When user places RFID tag near RFID reader, user details will be
displayed on LCD screen.
5.8 Battery
There are mainly three types of rechargeable battery which are available for use, i.e. Flooded
lead acid, Gelled electrolyte, sealed lead acid, and Sealed Absorbed Glass Mat(SAGM).We
decided to select sealed lead acid rechargeable battery which is rated at 12 V, 7.2 Ampere This
type of battery is also not expensive and is easily available in the market. It has also been
proven by electronic hobbyists that this type of battery is guaranteed to work in an inverter
design.
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Advantages of using lead acid battery
 Maintenance free: Unlike using flooded lead acid, this type of battery does not need to
be filled with water to work.
 Environment friendly: Literally, this is no emission of harmfully gases since the gases
produced are been absorbed by the battery itself which means it can be used anyway
and does not require special ventilation Process.
 Spillage free: It is termed ‘sealed’ since we are unable to gain access to the electrolytes
stored inside the
Fig 5.15 Lead Acid Battery
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5.9 Power Supply
12V for DC Motor and 5V for other modules
5.10 Simulation
Fig 5.16 Simulation Representation
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Chapter 6
Results and Discussion
6.1 Final Results
This prototype will provide the customers a user friendly shopping cart that would enhance the
shopping experience. And also the customers doesn’t have to wait in the long queue for paying
the bill. The customers just have to scan the product and the product details are displayed which
makes it reliable and convenient for the customer. The customer can also enjoy shopping
without pushing the trolley themselves.
Fig 6.1 Smart Cart
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Fig 6.2 Smart Cart Application Interface
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6.2 Conclusion
The project will be developed within low cost, low power consumption. With our project,
customers can enjoy shopping without pushing shopping trolley themselves. We are using
sensors on the trolley which will track the human and will move at the maintained distance. It
will stop when the customer will stop and there is a RFID reader fixed on the trolley to keep
the track for the total amount and it can be paid by smartphones. In this chapter we will discuss
about some suggestions for future improvement of automatic trolley.
6.3 Future Scope
1. In future we can use different sensor through which it can detect directly human and
move after customer. Also, we can use more number of DC motors to carry more and
more stuff. We can make a container type carrier so that small kids can sit and no mess
will be there.
2. Future advancement is to use enhanced RFID readers that operate in high frequency
which can read multiple tags simultaneously. Mobile application can be developed to
avoid smart card and GSM. Inventory management can be incorporated using IOT
which In turn helps in automation of stock management Department
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REFERENCES
[1] Hutnyak, D., Brief History of Trolley Assist for Off-Highway Vehicles, Report by Hutnyak
Consulting Company, 2004.
[2] Hutnyak, D., Trolley Assist at Barrick Goldstrike, Report by Barrick Goldstrike Mines,
1995.
[3] Crawford, R. D., Trolley Assist for Electric Drive Trucks, Komatsu Dresser Com- pany
Report, Presented at the Earthmoving Industry Conference and Exposition, August 1995.
[4] Dietz, J. H. and Brzezniak, W. E., The Economics and Productivity Impact of Trol- ley
Assisted Truck Haulage, General Electric Company Report Presented at the SME/AIME
Annual Meeting, March, 1984.
[5] Sumner, H. B., Economic Benefits of the Trolley Assist Programme at Palabora, South
Africa,
Report, Palabora Mining Company Limited, 1985.
[6] Brown, G.M., Elbacher, B.J., and Koellner, W.G., Increased Productivity with AC Drives
for
Mining Excavators and Haul Trucks. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry
Applications Conference. Vol. 1, pp. 28 37.
[7] Koellner, W.G., Brown, G.M., Rodriguez, J., Pontt, J., Cortes, P., and Miranda, H., Recent
Advances in Mining Haul Trucks, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec- tronics 2004Vol. 51,
No. 2,
[8] Vidya A S,Kalaivani R,Prakash V,Human following intelligent cart system,Jun- 2018
[9] Sachin Tom1, Jacob. P. Oommen,Anoop. P Design and fabrication of human following
smart
trolley using kinect sensor for diverse applications 2018.
[10] V.B. Vaidya, Pranjal Shende Yash Giradkar, Shubham Mohite, Shubham Zode, Ro- hit
Singh,Design and Implementation of Automated Trolley by Using Mobile Fre- quency, 2017.
[11] Denny Irawan, Misbah ,Jefry R Baihaqi Design of Human Followers Trolley Robot Based
on object Tracking (Color Detection) Method March 2019.
[12] Archana A Pillai,Person Following Shopping Cart Robot 2015.
[13] Kamalakkannan.A, Kalaiselvan.P, Isaac.R, Vijay.Automatic motorized scerw jack to
redused man power May-2016.
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[14] L.Dehigaspege, M. K. C. Liyanage, N. A. M. Liyanage, M. I. Marzook, and Dhis- han

Dhamearatchi Follow Me Multifunctional Automated Trolley July - 2017
[15] Rajini.H Sandeep Jaiswal,Shyam sunder Prasad Kushboo Development of Auto- matic
Shopping Trolley in Supermarkets Number 23 2018.
[16] Vikash KumarVikram KumarUmesh NathDr. Prateek Singh Automatic Trolley Hu- man
Follower 2017.
[17] Deepali Pandita Ashwini Chauthe NikhilJadhav Automatic Shopping Trolley using
Sensors Apr -2017
[18] Mr.Madhukara Nayak (Assistantant Professor)Rohill Joseph Fabrication of Auto- mated
Electronic Trolley May - Jun. 2015
[19] Karthik Kamath Karunakara Design of automatic mobile trolley using ultrasonic sensors
2016
[20] P.T.Sivagurunathan Seema M. ShaliniR. Sindhu SMART SHOPPING TROLLEY USING
RFID May 2015
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APPENDIX
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial // it is for blynk application
#include <WiFi.h> // for wifi setings

#include <WiFiClient.h> // '' for wifi
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h> // for blynk application
// You should get Auth Token in the Blynk App.

// Go to the Project Settings (nut icon).
char auth[] = " YIOGwbkf5cCOD1lL9xkhKkvxF6DgP0eA";
// Your WiFi credentials.

// Set password to "" for open networks.
char ssid[] = "D link";
char pass[] = "123ajith*";
BlynkTimer timer;
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> // it is for display library
#define leftMp1 32 // pins in motor

#define leftMp2 33 // ,,
#define rightMp1 5 // ,,
#define rightMp2 4 // ,,
LiquidCrystal lcd(13, 12, 14, 27, 26, 25); // pin declaration for lcd display
const int trig_lft = 23 ; /// left ultrasonic sensor pin declaration

const int echo_lft = 22 ; /// left ultrasonic sensor pin declaration
const int trig_rigt = 2 ; /// right ultrasonic sensor pin declaration
const int echo_rigt = 15 ; /// right ultrasonic sensor pin declaration
const int trig_center = 18 ; /// center ultrasonic sensor pin declaration
const int echo_center = 19 ; /// center ultrasonic sensor pin declaration
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const int ok_butten = A0 ; // pin declaration for butten
/// variables declaration
long duration_lft ,cm_lft ,inches_lft ; //

long duration_rigt ,cm_rigt ,inches_rigt ;
long duration_center ,cm_center ,inches_center ;
String rfid_data ;
int modee = 0;
int ijk =0;
int ok_value ;
int no_off_items = 0 ;
int total_prise = 0 ;
int a_anand = 0 ;
int b_anand = 0 ;
int stepz = 0 ;
int c_anand = 0 ;
long int jjjjjjj = 0 ;
String arf = "270020F70AFA" ; // rfid card id rs 367

String brf = "270013009BAF" ; // rs 75
String crf = "27001307AB98" ; // rs 45
String drf = "270013048BBB" ; // billling
void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600); // for communicat pc in programing time
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Serial2.begin(9600); // for communicat rfid reader
/// set ultrasonic sensor pins as output and input mode
pinMode (trig_lft , OUTPUT);

pinMode (echo_lft , INPUT);
pinMode (trig_rigt , OUTPUT);
pinMode (echo_rigt , INPUT);
pinMode (trig_center , OUTPUT);
pinMode (echo_center , INPUT);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" SMART CART ");
// set motor pins as outputmode

pinMode(leftMp1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(leftMp2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(rightMp1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(rightMp2,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(leftMp1, LOW);
digitalWrite(rightMp1, LOW);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" WELCOME ");
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void loop() {
Blynk.run(); /// for blynk server
delay(100);
ffid_data ();
ok_value = analogRead(ok_butten);
Serial.println(ok_value);
long int ln=0;
while(ok_value >=100)
{
ffid_data ();
ok_value = analogRead(ok_butten);
ln++;
Serial.println(ln);
if( ln >=50)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" ENJOY YOUR ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" SHOPPING ");
ijk=1;
modee=0;
}
else
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" CONTINUE SHOPING ");
modee=1 ;
ijk=0;
}
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if(modee==1)
{
moving ();
}
else
{
if( ijk == 1 )
{
ijk=0;
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" PAY THE BILL ");
lcd.print("TOTAL = ");
lcd.setCursor(7 , 1);
lcd.print(total_prise);
Serial.println(" ");
Serial.print("TOTAL PRICE= ");
Serial.print(total_prise);
Serial.print("PAYMENT GATEWAY=");
Serial.print(no_off_items);
if(a_anand==1)
{
Serial.print("BOOST , MRP = 367");
}
if(b_anand==1)
{
Serial.print(" WASHING POWDER , MRP = 75");
}
if(c_anand==1)
{
48
Smart Shopping Cart
Serial.print(" OREO BISCUT , MRP = 45");
}
}
}
void forward(void) /// sub program for move troly in forward

{
digitalWrite(leftMp2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(rightMp1, HIGH);
delay(150);
Serial.println("forward");
// delay(100);
digitalWrite(rightMp2, LOW); //STOP
}
//********************************************************************
void back(void) /// sub program for move troly in back

{
//BACK
Serial.println("back");
digitalWrite(rightMp2, HIGH) ;
delay(150);
}
//********************************************************************
49
Smart Shopping Cart
void right(void) /// sub program for move troly in right

{
Serial.println("RIGHT");
digitalWrite(leftMp1,LOW);
digitalWrite(rightMp2, HIGH); //LEFT
delay(180);
}
//********************************************************************
void left(void) /// sub program for move troly in left

{
Serial.println("LEFT");
digitalWrite(leftMp1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(rightMp1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(rightMp2, LOW); //LEFT
delay(180);
void stop1(void) /// sub program for move troly in stop

{
Serial.println("STOP");
50
Smart Shopping Cart
void ffid_data () /// read rfid data

{
while(Serial2.available())
{
rfid_data = Serial2.readString();
Serial.println(rfid_data);
if( rfid_data == arf )
{
rfid_data="sss";
if(a_anand==0)
{
no_off_items++;
total_prise = total_prise+367 ;
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" BOOST ");
lcd.print(" MRP=367 ");
delay (2000);
a_anand=1;
}
else
{
no_off_items--;
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" ITEM REMOVED ");
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" BOOST ");
total_prise = total_prise-367 ;
51
Smart Shopping Cart
a_anand=0;
delay(3000);
}
}
if( rfid_data == brf )

{
rfid_data="sss";
if(b_anand==0)
{
total_prise = total_prise+75 ;
no_off_items++;
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" WASHING POWDER ");
delay (2000);
b_anand=1;
}
else
{
no_off_items--;
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" ITEM REMOVED");
lcd.begin(16, 2);
52
Smart Shopping Cart
lcd.print(" WASHING POWDER ");

total_prise = total_prise-75 ;
b_anand=0;
delay(3000);
}
}
if( rfid_data == crf )

{
rfid_data="sss";
if(c_anand==0)
{
total_prise = total_prise+45;
no_off_items++;
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" OREO BISCUT ");
delay (2000);
c_anand=1;
}
else
{
no_off_items--;
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
53
Smart Shopping Cart
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print("OREO BISCUT ");
total_prise = total_prise-45;
c_anand=0;
delay(3000);
}
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print("CONTINUE SHOPING ");
lcd.print("TOTAL PRISE= ");
lcd.print(total_prise);
///////////////////////////////////send datas to blynk application

if( rfid_data == drf )
{
lcd.clear();
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, "************NEW*************");
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" PAY THE BILL ");
Serial.print("TOTAL PRICE= ");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, "TOTAL PRICE=");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, total_prise);
Serial.print(total_prise);
Serial.print("PAYMENT GATEWAY=");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, "PAYMENT GATEWAY=");
Serial.print(no_off_items);
54
Smart Shopping Cart
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, no_off_items);
if(a_anand==1)
{
Serial.print("BOOST , MRP = 367");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, "BOOST , MRP = 367");
}
if(b_anand==1)
{
Serial.print(" WASHING POWDER , MRP = 75");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, "WASHING POWDER , MRP = 75");
}
if(c_anand==1)
{
Serial.print(" OREO BISCUT , MRP = 45");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, " OREO BISCUT , MRP = 45");
}
delay(1000000000000);
}
}
}
void moving () /// ultrasonic sensor collecting datas

{
digitalWrite (trig_lft , LOW ) ;

delayMicroseconds (5) ;
digitalWrite (trig_lft , HIGH ) ;
digitalWrite (trig_lft , LOW ) ;
55
Smart Shopping Cart
pinMode (echo_lft , INPUT);

duration_lft = pulseIn(echo_lft,HIGH);
cm_lft= (duration_lft / 2 ) / 29.1 ;
Serial.println(cm_lft);
delay(40);
digitalWrite (trig_rigt , LOW ) ;

digitalWrite (trig_rigt , HIGH ) ;
digitalWrite (trig_rigt , LOW ) ;
pinMode (echo_rigt , INPUT);

duration_rigt = pulseIn(echo_rigt,HIGH);
cm_rigt= (duration_rigt / 2 ) / 29.1 ;
Serial.println(cm_rigt);
delay(40);
if(cm_lft<=30)
{
// Serial.println("left");
right() ;
}
if(cm_rigt<=30)
{
left() ;
// Serial.println("right");
}
digitalWrite (trig_center , LOW ) ;

digitalWrite (trig_center , HIGH ) ;
digitalWrite (trig_center , LOW ) ;
pinMode (echo_center , INPUT);
56
Smart Shopping Cart
duration_center = pulseIn(echo_center,HIGH);
cm_center= (duration_center / 2 ) / 29.1 ;
Serial.println(cm_center);
if(cm_center>=50||cm_center<=5)
{
stop1();
}
else
{
if(cm_center>=25)
{
//back() ;
forward();
//Serial.println("back");
}
else
{
if(cm_center<=15)
{
back() ;
}
else
{
}
}
}
57

Smart Shopping Cart Using RFID

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Smart Shopping Cart Using RFID

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SMART SHOPPING CART USING RFID

AMAL SURENDRAN (IDK16EE012)

The APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Government Engineering College, Idukki

Idukki AMAL SURENDRAN

Internal Supervisor External Supervisor (if any)

Prof. Aneesh V.A. Prof. K. N. Chandra Bose

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO

1.1 General Background 01

3.1 System Overview 09

3.2 RFID Technology 09

3.4 Block Diagram 14

4 Design and Implementation 16

4.1 Component Specification 16

4.2 Schematic Diagram II 17

Figure 1.1: Shopping Cart 03

Figure 3.1: Smart Cart Block Diagram 14

Figure 3.2: ESP32 Block Diagram 14

Figure 4.1: Schematic Diagram of Smart Cart 17

Figure 4.2: Experimental Setup 19

Figure 5.1: ESP32 20

Figure 5.2: ESP32 Interior 21

Figure 5.3: Layout of ESP32 23

Figure 5.4: Pin Out of ESP32 Development Board 24

Figure 5.5: RFID Reader Module 25

Figure 5.6: RFID Tag Interior 26

Figure 5.7: RFID Tag 27

Figure 5.8: Ultrasonic Receiver 28

Figure 5.9: Ultrasonic Receiver Pin Diagram 29

Figure 5.10: DC-DC Buck Control 31

Figure 5.11: DC Motor 32

Figure 5.12: L293D Motor Driver IC 33

Figure 5.13: L293D Circuit 34

Figure 5.14: LCD 1602 Screen 36

Figure 5.15: Lead Acid Battery 37

Figure 5.16: Simulation Representation 38

Figure 6.2: Smart Cart Application Interface 40

1.1 General Background

1.2 Problem Statement

Fig 1.1 Shopping Cart

1. Human following intelligent cart system Jun-2018 by Vidya A S,Kalaivani

2. Design and Implementation of Automated Trolley by Using Mobile Frequency 2017 by

7. Follow Me Multifunctional Automated Trolley July 2017 by L.Dehigaspege, M.K. C.

8. Development of Automatic Shopping Trolley in Supermarkets Number 23 2018 by

3.1 System Overview

3.2 RFID Technology

RFID (radio frequency identification) is a form of wireless communication that incorporates

All RFID systems are comprised of two main components:

2. RFID card reader

3.2.1 RFID Tag

3.2.2 RFID Reader

3.4 Block Diagram

Fig 3.1 Smart Cart Block Diagram

Fig 3.2 ESP32 Block Diagram

4.1 Component Specifications

4.2 Schematic Diagram II

Fig 4.1 Schematic Diagram of Smart Cart

4.4 Problem formulation

iv. The Customer can pay the bill digitally.

4.5 Experimental Setup

Fig 4.2 Experimental Setup

Fig 5.1 ESP32

Fig 5.2 ESP32 Interior