CHAPTER – 9

FARMING IN THE MOUNTAINS

PART 1

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 Identify the main characteristics of the mountain soil.

 Explain the limitations of subsistence farming.
 Understand Terrace farming.
 Distinguish between mountain soil and alluvial soil.
 Analyze the changing times in Itipur.

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KEY TERMS
 Subsistence Agriculture – Food grown by farmer just enough to fulfill the needs of
him and his family is called subsistence agriculture.
 Cash Crops - a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the
grower is called cash crop. Coffee, cocoa, tea, sugarcane, cotton, and spices are
some examples of cash crops.
 Livestock - Livestock is commonly defined as domesticated animals raised in an
agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk,
fur, leather, and wool.
 Terrace Farming – Farmers build steps or terraces by flattening out an area, so that
the water would not run off. The mountains in such a case look like a staircase.
Such type of farming is called terrace farming.
 Famine – Accute shortage of food caused due to either excess or lack of water is
called a famine. People in a famine may die from starvation or diseases. Natural
disasters, including drought, earthquakes, and floods, can cause famines by
destroying crops or by making it difficult to distribute food.
 Drought- A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of
water.

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UTTARAKHAND Uttarakhand, a state in northern India crossed by the
Himalayas, is known for its Hindu pilgrimage sites

The state was formed in the year 2000 after being

separated from the large state of Uttar Pradesh, is a
destination to explore the riches of Indian culture, history,
and natural beauty.

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 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF UTTARAKHAND
 Uttarakhand has a highly varied topography, with snow-covered peaks,
glaciers, deep canyons, roaring streams, beautiful lakes, and a few
patches of dusty plains in the south. Some of the highest mountains in
the world are found in Uttarakhand.
 Two of India's great rivers, the Ganges and the Yamuna take birth in the
glaciers of Uttarakhand.
 Uttarakhand lies on the southern slope of the Himalaya range, and the
climate and vegetation vary greatly with elevation, from glaciers at the
highest elevations to tropical forests at the lower elevations.

https://youtu.be/Yfqpf7TCZ3I (Natural Beauty

in Uttarakhand) 5
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POPULAR PILGRIMAGE CENTRES IN
UTTARAKHAND

Uttarakhand is a land of great natural beauty. It has beautiful valleys, mountains and hill stations
where tourists from all over the world come to rest and relax.
 Badrinath.
 Kedarnath.
 Gangotri.
 Yamunotri
 Rishikesh
 Haridwar

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 MOUNTAIN SOIL

 Uttarakhand is a land of villages. Some are situated near towns, while others
are situated very high up in the mountains.
 The soil which is available in this region is MOUNTAIN SOIL. It is generally
pale yellow or brown in color. This soil is formed due to the breaking of
mountain rocks, by rain, wind, ice and plant roots.

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➢ In earlier time farmers in villages were dependent on rains for
agriculture. The land was not very fertile.
➢ When it rained the crops grew well. There were very few facilities
for irrigation. Not more than a few crops could grow in a year.
➢ The common crops grown included pulses, wheat and rice.

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 TASK:

TASK:
 Textual questions – Q1(a and b)
a. Describe the main physical features of Uttarakhand. (Refer Slide no. 5 of PPT)

b. Briefly explain the following (Refer Slide no. 3 of PPT)

i. Subsistence Farming
ii. Cash Crops
iii. Livestock
iv. Famine

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 THANK YOU!
MADE BY :
SHUBHRATA VASHISHTHA
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