PFI ES-26 93 II 7164544 0000284 T88 II

PFI Standard ES-26

(Revised 1993)

Welded Load Bearing Attachments

To Pressure Retaining
Piping Materials

Prepared by
Pipe Fabrication Institute Engineering Committee

PIPE
FABRICATION
INSTITUTE

All PFI Standards are advisory only. There is no

agreement to adhere to any PFI Standard and
their use by anyone is entirely volunt.ry.

Copyright by

PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE

Dedicated to Technical Advancement and Standardization in
the Pipe Fabricaiion inausiry
Since-1913
P. O. Box 17~ • Springdale, PA 15144

ES-26
 PFI ES-2b 93 . . 7164544 0000285 914 . .

WELDED LOAD BEARING ATTACHl\tENTS

TO PRESSURE RETAINING
PIPING MATERIALS

Preface
1. Scope
2. Material
3. Design
4. Location of Welded Attachment on Pipe
5. Types of Attachment Welds
6. Linear Tolerances on Attachment Locations
7. Welding Procedure
8. Preheat and Postheat Treatment of Welds
9. Non-Destructive Examination of Welds

A current index of the latest revised ES Standards and Technical Bulletins is available from the
Pipe Fabrication Institute.

PFI Standards and Technical Bulletins are published to serve proven needs of the pipe fabricating
industry at the design level and in actual shop operations. Hence, such needs are continually considered
and reviewed by the Engineering Committee of the Pipe Fabrication Institute to provide recommended
procedures which have been demonstrated by collective experiences to fulfill requirements in a
manner for Code compliance. However, as the PFI Standards are for minimum requirements the
designer or fabricator always has the option of specifying supplementary conditions in the form
of requirements beyond the scope of the PFI publications.

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Thu Aug 31 19:32:23 2006
 PFI ES-26 93 II 7164544 0000286 850 II
PFI Standard ES-26 I Denotes Revision
(Revised 1993)

WELDED LOAD BEARING ATTACHMENTS

TO PRESSURE RETAINING PIPING MATERIALS
METRIC CONVERSIONS
The conversion of quantities between systems of units involves a determination of significant digits to
be retained. All conversions depend upon the intended precision of the orignal quantity and are rounded
to the appropriate accuracy.
Pipe sizes together with applicable wall thicknesses are not shown with metric equivalents.
The SI (metric) values where included with the customary U.S. values in this Standard are the rounded
equivalents of the U.S. values and are for reference only.
Metric units were derived utilizing the following conversion factor:
Conversion Factor Conversion Factor
Inches to 25.4 Deg. Fahr. to 5/9 (Deg. F.-32)
Millimeters Deg. Cent.
Lb/in2 to 0.0703
Kglcm2
Preface 3.2 The maximum allowable stresses to apply to
the attachment shall be those given in the ap-
Industry recognizes that in the support of pip- plicable Code for the nominal composition of
ing, the most practical arrangement for field erec- the attachment material to be used, but in no
tion for attachment to piping is the use of non-in- case greater than the allowable stress for the
tegral attachments such as pipe clamps. However, piping material to which it is to be welded.
as use of non-integral type attachments is not al-
ways feasible for all locations, an alternate ar- 3.3 The maximum allowable design stresses to ap-
rangement becomes necessary. The intent of this ply for filler metal shall be those listed in the
standard is to provide procedures to apply for applicable Code for the nominal composition,
utilization of integral-type support attachments. but in no case greater than the allowable stress
for the piping material to which it is to be
1. Scope attached.
1.1 This standard covers minimum recommended 3.4 The allowable supporting loads per linear inch
requirements for materials, design, fabrication or centimeter, of fillet welds shall not exceed
and inspection of load bearing attachments, those listed in Table 1.
such as, but not limited to, ears, shoes, lugs,
fins, rings, skirts, anchors, guides, etc., which 3.5 To minimize differences in thermal expansion
are to be fabricated and welded to piping ma- of contact surfaces, the coefficient of thermal
terials that will become part of a pressure re- expansion of the attachment should be the same
taining piping system. It is not intended to or as close as possible to that of the piping ma-
apply to lug or clip attachments whose basic terial to which it is to be welded.
function is to provide support for pipe in-
sulation. 3.6 Each attachment shall be designed for support
of all imposed loadings consisting of but not
limited to the following:
2. Material
2.1 All material shall conform to the requirements a. Static loads as determined by weight balance
of one of the acceptable material specifications calculations including weight of the pipe,
listed or referenced in the ASME B31 Code insulation and the weight of fluid content,
for Pressure Piping or the ASME Boiler and cleaning fluid or fluid used for hydrostatic
Pressure Vessel Code as applicable. testing, whichever is the greatest.
2.2 All material shall be of weldable quality and b. All other external loading as specified by
shall be of the same type or of compatible com-
the piping design that may be imposed by
position with the material to which it is to be
welded. such conditions as:
2.3 All filler metal shall comply with the require- 1. Dynamic loading due to safety valve
ments of Section II, Part C ASME Boiler and operation, or other system operation.
Pressure Vessel Code. A filler metal not incor-
porated in Section II may be used if a proce- 2. Thermal fatigue loading due to load
dure qualification test is first successfully com- changes on restraints and anchors.
pleted in accordance with Sec. IX requirements. 3. Additional static loadings imposed by
cold pulling during erection.
3. Design 4. Eccentric
-:. -- -Ioadim7
- -- -----0 conditions
- - -- - - - - - durin~
-- 0 00-
J.
3.1 The design temperature to be used for the at- eratIOn.
tachment shall be the same as the design tem-
perat"Jre of the piping to which it is to be 5. Any other external loadings such as snow
welded. or wind.

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 PFI ES-26 93 . . 7164544 0000287 797 . .
3.7 Since the character of loadings, amount of
loading and attachment location on piping are
variables, no uniform or suggested standard-
ized shapes or dimensional proportions are
possible. Hence, individual consideration is nec-
essary in the design of each attachment. The
typical shapes illustrated by Figures 1 through
7 are not necessarily design recommendations
for all applications.
Prime areas of concern are:
a. Localized stresses induced into the piping
component by integral welded attachments
on lines operating at elevated temperatures.
b. The differential expansion stresses between
the attached lug and the pipe.
c. The differential expansion stresses in the at-
tachment lug itself. Very little experimental
data has been obtained on the performance
of various lug designs; however, operating
experience has shown certain types to be
more desirable than others. Figure 5 illus-
trates a type of integral attachment that
is acceptable for low thermal differential
stresses. Figure 6 depicts an acceptable de-
sign for large thermal differential stresses.
Loading can be distributed over a larger area
by use of a pad between the attachment and
the pipe as shown in Figure 4. This is useful
on light wall pipe subjected to high anchoring
stresses, impact loads, or seismic loads.
Impact and shock attachments can be made as
shown in Figure 7, by using double shear lugs
and a pipe clamp. This method is recom-
mended in place of an integral welded attach-
ment.
Because of the tolerances involved in attaching
shear lugs to the pipe and the alignment with
the top surface of a riser clamp that is not
machined or faced, the following table is rec-
ommended for selecting the number of shear
lugs:
Pipe Min.No. No. of Lugs Designed
Size of Lugs to Support Load
6" & under 2 2
8" & larger 4 2
Orientation of lugs should be as shown in
Figure 3.
The effect of external loading on the piping
design, together with overall effects resulting
from differential thermal conditions of pipe
and attachment, shall be the responsibility of
the piping designer.
3.8 Welding of attachments to arcs of pipe bends
and curved sections of fittings should be
avoided whenever the alternate choice of weld-
ing to straight pipe is a practical option. How-
ever, when the optimum design arrangement
requires welding to curved pipe or fitting sur-
faces, the effect on system flexibility, intensifi-
cation factors and attendant conditions result-
ing.therefro.m shall be evaluated by the piping
deSIgner prior to use.
Copyright by the Pipe Fabrication Institute
Thu Aug 31 19:32:23 2006
4. Location of Welded
Attachment on Pipe
4.1 The location of each attachment with respect
to a specific point on the piping system shall be
specified by the support design. When the pip-
ing is to be cut short and cold sprung during
erection, each attachment location shall in-
clude allowances for the effect of such COD-
ditions.
4.2 Orientation location of the attachment with
respect to the normal transverse or longitudinal
axis of the pipe shall be included with the loca-
tion data requirement stated in Para. 4.1.
4.3 Except for welded lugs for use with riser
clamps, each attachment shall extend outside
the insulation to prevent interferences with in-
sulation at point of external loading attach-
ment.
5. Types of
Attachment Welds
5.1 Attachment welds may be of the fillet or full
penetration type, unless otherwise specified by
the engineering design or required by the ap-
plicable Code.
6. Linear Tolerances on
Attachmen t Locations
6.1 Linear tolerances applicable to integral attach-
ments in the as welded position are shown irr
Figure 1. Compensation for variations in ex-
cess of these tolerances may be by field adjust-
ments which are inherent in hanger hardware
design.
7. Welding Procedure
7.1 Welding of attachments to pipe shall be by
use of welding procedures and by welding op-
erators qualified in accordance with the re-
quirements of Section IX of the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code. Tack welds per-
mitted to remain in place shall be made by a
Section IX qualified welder.
8. Preheat and Postheat
Treatment of Welds
8.1 Requirements for preheat and postheat treat-
ment of welds shall be in accordance with the
requirements of the applicable Code.
9. Non-destructive
Examination of Welds
9.1 When specified by the engineering design or
required by the Code applicable to the piping,
examination of ferritic weld surfaces shall be
by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant
method and of stainless weld surfaces by the
liquid penetrant method. The procedure and
basis of acceptance to apply for either shall be
as stated in the engineering design.
 TABLE I
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LOADS ON FILLET WELDS JOINING LOAD BEARING ATIACHMENTS TO PIPING
BASED UPON SHEAR LOADING FOR ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS "S" VALUES SHOWN
lEG OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LOAD PER UNIT LENGTH OF WELD
EQUAL lEG NOMINAL COMPOSITION, TEMPERATURE, AND STRESS LISTINGS (2) (4) UNITS PO~
KilOGRAMS/CM

Thu Aug 31 19:32:23 2006

OF FILLET
WELD (1) CARBON STEEL (2) 1'14 CHROME - 'f, MOl Y (2) 2'/, CHROME - 1 MOLY (2) 18 CHROME - 8 NICKEL (2) -MATERIAL
-20 TO 650 700 750 -20 TO 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 900 950 1000 1050 _ of TEMPERATURE
-29 TO 343 371 399 -29 TO 371 399 427 454 482 510 538 566 482 510 538 566 _ °C TEMPERATURE
CENTI- 12.0 11.52 10.4 12.0 11.84 11.52 11.2 10.88 8.80 624 464 8.16 8.0 7.84 7.60 - SHEAR STRESS "5" KSI
I~ METERS 844 810 731 844 832 810 619 439 326 574 562 551 534 - SHEAR STRESS "S"KG/CM I

Copyright by the Pipe Fabrication Institute

~~ % .3 188 179 161 188 183 179 174 169 138 71 125 125 121 116
"'C
% X ~% % X % X X ~ ~% ~~
~~ % % % .5 281 273
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ X X ~ ~ ~ %246 281 277 273 ?65 257 205 147 107 192 188 183 179 H
"
~" 1"'1
.6 375
~~ ~ % % /3';; % % ~ % ~ ~ X % ~ % % 326 375 371 362 352 332 277 196 143 254 250 246 237 t.o1
I
nJ
8 473 451
~~ ~ ~ % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % % % ~ % % % 406 473 464 451 438 425 344 246 183 321 313 308 299 IT"

.J]
1.0 567 545 491 567 558 547 533 518 415 295 219 375 371 357
I.LJ
~<, X, % % ~ ~ % % % % ~ % % % ~ %
1.3 755 723
~~ % % % % /~ ~ ~ % ~ ~ /:0 ~ % % % 656 755 746 723 702 682 393 290 514 505 491 478

1.6 946 817 946 933 906 880 855 692 491 366 643 630 616 598 ~
L~ % ~ % % % % ~ % ~ % % ~ % % ~ I::-'
'" IT"
1.9 1134 1089 982
~<s % /1':a; % % % % X. % ~ ~ /4:a % % % /<s 1134 1120 1089 1058 1028 589 438 772 755 741 719 .&
tTl
7400,~ 5% .&
~~ 2.2 /1321 1272
~% % % % % % % ~ ~ ~ 1147
~% % 1321 1303 1272 1236 1201 969 688 509 897 880 866 839 .&

2.5 1513 1451 1312 1513 1491 1451 1410 1370 1107 786 585 1027 1009 987 955 CJ
CJ
:;<s % % % % % % % % % ~ % ~; % % % CJ
1~~ % 29 1701 9 %
1634
% % % % % % % % ~% % % % 1473 1701 1678 1634 1588 1245 884 656 1156 1134 1112 1076 CJ
nJ
()::I
3.2 1893 1817
~~ % % % % % % % 0Z!i % ~ % % % % % 1639 1893 1866 1817 1766 1716 1388 982 732 1286 1259 1237 1196 ()::I

IT"
3.8 2272 2178
~<a % % % % % % % % % % ~ % % ~ % 1968 2272 2241 2178 2117 2056 1665 1179 875 1544 1513 1482 1438 nJ
I.LJ
15/~/.:
~ 4.1 2460 2361
1%1%1%1% % % 1%1%1% ~ % l% ~ ~ ,% 2129 2460 2428 2361 2294 2229 1804 1277 951 1669 1638 1607 1558

NOTES:
(1) Minimum leg length of fillet weld to be Ys".
(2) The allowable loads in Table I arc based on the allowable stress values as defined in the ANSI B31.1 and ASME Section I Code and are based on the smaller of the base material
strength or the welding materials strength as follows:
(fl) Carbon steel, 1 Cr, 11/4 Cr, 21/4 Cr, - 60,000 PSI minimum specified tensile strength.
(b) 18 Cr - 8 Ni - 75,000 PSI minimum specified tensile strength,
(3) For allowable load per linear inch of fillet leg length for allowable shear stresses other than shown, multiply the allowable stress in the applicable code by the product of the fillet
leg length multiplied by the factor 0,5656,
(a) The factor 0.5656 is the product of 0,80 muhiplied by 0.707, where 0.80 is reduction in tensile stress for sheer loading and 0.707 is the shear length of the fillet,
(b) As most loadings are a combination of tension and shear, the above table is based on shear loading.
(4) The load values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The last two digits of the loads shown in pounds/inch have been rounded
off to the next lower unit of 25.
(5) The allowable shear stress values shown are in thousands of pounds per square inch and in kilograms per square centimeter.
 PFI ES-26 93 . . 7164544 0000289 56T . .

±t'(13 MMlTO DESIGN

LOCATION ON ASSEMBLY.

--IN
---¥'------- + -------,*-- +I

(13 MM)
±f
(13 MM)
± .t'lI3 MMI TO DESIGN
LOCATION ON ASSEMBLY.
TYPE I
VERTICAL PIPE INSTALLATION TYPE II
HORIZONTAL PIPE INSTALLATION

--+-+-:t·flI3 MM) EITHER SIDE

OF DESIGN LOCATION.
'11"03 MM):rO DESIGN
LOCATION ON ASSEMBLY.

CONTOUR CONTACT
SURFACE TO MATCH
PIPING CURVATURE
WITHIN TOLERANCE OF
.}."
32 (3 MM).
BEND OR
WELD ELL.

TYPE m TYPE TIl:

BASE SUPPORTS 8 GUIDES ATTACHMENTS TO CURVED SECTION
PIPE HORIZ. OR VERT. (SEE PAR. 3.8 )

± i"U3 MM) TO DESIGN

SHEAR LUGS FOR----rI LOCATION ON ASSY.
RISER CLAMP.

CLAMP CONTACT--+--~
EDGE.

* FIELD SHIM TO COMPENSATE

FOR MISALIGNMENT.

TYPE Y
VERTiCAL PiPE iNSTAllATiON
fiGURE I
APPLICATION OF WELDED ATTACHMENT TOLERANCES
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 PFI ES-26 93 II 7164544 0000290 281 II

t:=FOR
TOLERANCE ON
f(SMM)--
LINE UP OF 15°
LIMIT OF CONTACT EDGES MIN.
FILLET WELD SEE FIG. I
TYPE ll:.

1"<3 MM) MAX.(CONTOUR CONTACT SURFACE

OF LUG WHERE NECESSARY.)

FIG.3
THICKNESS
EQUAL TO OR
TYPICAL ORIENTATION OF
GREATER THAN
RISER CLAMP
SHEAR LUGS WITH. CLAMP.
THICKNESS.

FIG.2
TYPICAL SHEAR LUGS FOR CLAMPS

\'N SULAT ,ON

-$
I

BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES(TY~4)

FIG.4 FIG.5
TYPICAL APPLICATION OF LUG 8 PAD

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Thu Aug 31 19:32:24 2006
 PFI ES-26 93 II 7164544 0000291 118 II

rlNSULATION

It: APPfIOX
• rIG ...1 'WlS.

i'C16 MM)
OIA., HOLES.

SPACING 3 "TO 6"

(8-15 eM).

EDGE OF HOLE TO BE AT
THE TOP OF THE FILLET WELD.

FIG. 6
TWO TYPICAL METHODS OF PROVIDING
RELIEF SLOTS

~.
¢- ... -- t M

(6 MM) TYPICAL.

DIMENSIONS "x"a "y" ARE.

DETERMINED BY THE
ENGINEERING DESIGN
REQUIREMENT.
0
I",-------+-----.....,f+-----""'\
0
\J
--~--------------~---~------------~r_----
J
( ~

o o
---------------+-4------~~-----------~
\

~~ FIG. 7
SNUBBER ATTACHMENT ~
II "x"
I" .. -1
I II
II'" "y"
"I
·8·

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