Reviewer in Arts

Lesson 1: Philosophy of Art
There is no one universal definition of art though there is a consensus that is it the conscious
creation of something beautiful or meaningful using skill and imagination.
Etymology
Art is related to the Latin word ‘ars’- which means art, skill or craft. The first known use of
the word comes from 13th century manuscripts.
Philosophy of Art
The definition of art has generally fallen into three categories:
1. Art as Representation: Mimesis. Plato first developed the idea of art as mimesis in Greek
meaning copying or imitation. Hence, the primary meaning of art was for centuries defined
as the representation or replication of something that is beautiful or meaningful.
2. Art as Expression of Emotional Content. Expression became important during the

Romantic Movement with artwork expressing a definite feeling as in the sublime or
dramatic. Audience response was important for artwork was intended to evoke an
emotional response.
3. Art as Form. Immanuel Kant, influential theorist at the end of 18th century, believed that
should be judged only on its formal qualities because the content of the work of art is not
of aesthetic interest. Formal qualities became important when art became more abstract
in the 20th century and the principles of art and design (balance, rhythm, harmony, unity)
were used to define and assess art.
Definition (Comments and Quotes) on Art
1. Art evokes the mystery without which the world would not exist. --
Rene Magritte
2. Art is a discovery and development of elementary principles of nature.

---Frank Lloyd Wright
3. Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time.
---Thomas Merton
4. The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.
---Pablo Picasso
5. All art is but imitation of nature.
---Lucius Seneca
6. Art is not what you see but what you make others see.
Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Nmbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: ww.ub.edu.ph
---Edgar Degas
7. Art is the signature of civilizations.
---Jean Sibelius
8. Art is a human activity consisting in this that one man consciously, by means of certain external
signs, hands on to other feelings he has lived through and that others are infected by these
feelings and also experience them.
---Leo Tolstoy
9. Art is the concrete representation of our most subtle feelings.
---Agnes Martin
10. Art is the elimination of the unnecessary.
---Pablo Picasso
11. Art without emotion is like chocolate cake without sugar.
---Laurie Anderson
12. Art is the proper task of life.
---Friedrich Nietzsche
13. Art is to console those who are broken by life.
---Vincent Van Gogh
14. Art wasn’t supposed to look nice, it was supposed to make you feel something.
---Rainbow Rowell
15. Art is the only way to run away without leaving home.
---Twyla Tharp
16. Art is a way of recognizing oneself.
---Loiuse Bourgeois
17. Art helps us identify with one another.
---Olafur Eliasson
18. Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known. ---Oscar Wilde
Lesson 2: Assumptions about Art
Top 10 Questions on our Assumptions about Art 10.

Why do we assume that art is always something intended for public display?
9. Why do we assume that art should be collectible?

8. Why do we assume that art should be intelligent or explainable or intended to impress?
7. Why should we assume that art has any particular consistent and persistent qualities at all?
6. Why do we assume that art should be interpreted without context?
5. Why do we assume that serious art has more significance or greater value than a doodle which
only you seem to appreciate?
4. Why do we assume that art is something that can be defined?

3. Why do we assume that popularity is the ultimate indicator of good art when it is in conflict with
your own taste in art?
2. Why do we assume that art should be art?

1. Why do we assume that this list of questions about some basic assumptions of art has to have
a coherent message and a sound ending?
ASS U ME
“And Yet Another Reason Why We Shouldn’t Assume,” Stacey Neil (2014)
LESSON 3: Basic Art Criticism
Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali
Sunflowers by Vincent Van Gogh
Crisis in Humanity by Benedicto Cabrera
Basic Art Criticism
When we observe art, our minds go through a process. This process naturally translates
into the steps of art criticism. Following these steps will help us evaluate art effectively. It is
important for us to be able to evaluate art effectively. The four steps in art criticism are description,
analysis, interpretation and judgment. Being able to critique art by utilizing the art elements,
principles of design and correct terminology is very important for students. There are valuable
questions that can be used to critique any piece of art.
Describe: Tell what you see (the visual facts).

1. What is the name of artist who created the artwork?
2. What kind of an artwork is it?
3. What is the name of the artwork?
4. When was the artwork created?
5. Name some other major events in history that occurred at the same time this artwork was
created?
6. List the literal objects in the painting (trees, people, animals, mountains, rivers, etc.)
7. What do you notice first when you look at the work/s? Why?
8. What kind of colors do you see? How would you describe them?
9. What shapes can we see? What kind of edges do the shapes have?
Do the shapes have?
10. Are there lines in the work? If so, what kinds of lines are they?
11. What sort of textures do you see? How would you describe them?
12. What time of day/night is it? How can we tell?
13. What is the overall visual effect or mood of the work?
Analyze: In this step, consider the most significant art principles that were used in the
artwork like textures, shapes, forms, colors, lines and sensory qualities.
1. How has the artist used colors in the work?

2. What sort of effect do the colors have on the artwork?
3. How has the artist used shapes within the work of art?
4. How have lines been used in the work?
5. What role does texture play in the work?
6. How has the artist used light in the work? Is there the illusion of a scene with lights and
shadows or does the artist use light and dark values in a more abstracted way?
7. How has the overall visual effect or mood of the work been achieved by the use of elements
of art and principles of design?
8. How was the artist’s design tools used to achieve a particular look or focus? Interpretation:
It seeks to explain the meaning of the work based on what has learned
and what the artist is trying to say.
1. What was the artist’s statement in this work?

2. What do you think it means?
3. What does it mean to you?
4. How does this relate to you and your life?
5. What feelings do you have when looking at this artwork?
6. Do you think there are things in the artwork that represent other things-symbols?
7. Why do you think that the artist chose to work in this manner and made these kinds of
artistic decisions?
8. Why did the artists create this artwork?

Judgement. This is the personal evaluation based on the understanding of the works.
1. Why do you think that this work has intrinsic value or worth?
What is the value do you find in the work?
2. Does the work have benefit to others? Do you find that the work communicates an idea,
feeling or principle that would have value for others?
3. What kind of effect do you think the work could have for others?
4. Does the work lack value or worth? Why do you think this is so?
5. Rather than seeing the work as being very effective or without total value, does the work
fall somewhere in-between? Do you think the work is just okay? What do you base this
opinion on? The use of elements of art? Lack of personal expression? The work lacks a
major focus?
With groups, write an art criticism. Choose only 5 questions for each step.
Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali
Sunflowers by Vincent Van Gogh
Crisis in Humanity by Benedicto Cabrera
LESSON 4: Art History
ABOUT THE LESSON:

This lesson focuses on the various art period and art movements as well as the different artworks
from each period.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
LO1: Trace down the history of arts.

LO2: Identify the different art periods and the artists under each period.
LO3: Determine the different art movements and the artworks under
each movement.
LO4: Share with the class the specific art period students want to explore.
LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: history art timeline
LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 1.5 hours LEARNING
ACTIVITIES:
Narmer unites
Upper/Lower Egypt
Egyptian Art with an afterlife Imhotep, Step Pyramid, (3100 B.C.); Rameses
(3100 B.C.-30 B.C.) focus; pyramids and Great Pyramids, Bust of II battles the Hittites
tomb painting Nefertiti (1274 B.C.); Cleopatra
dies (30 B.C.)
Athens defeats Persia

Greek idealism; at Marathon (490 B.C.);
Greek and Hellenistic balance, perfect Parthenon, Myron, Peloponnesian Wars
(850 B.C.-31 B.C.) proportions; Phidias, Polykleitos, (431 B.C.-404
architectural orders Praxiteles B.C.); Alexander the
(Doric, Ionic, Great’s conquests (336
Corinthian) B.C.-323 B.C)
Julius Caesar
assassinated (44 B.C.);
Roman Roman realism: Augustus of Primaporta, Augustus proclaimed
(500 B.C.-A.D. 476) practical and down to Colloseum, Trajan’s Emperor (27 B.C.);
earth; the arch Column, Pantheon Diocletian splits Empire
(A.D. 292);
Rome falls
Birth of Buddha (563
B.C.); Silk Road open
Indian, Chinese and Serene, Meditative art, Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, (1st century B.C.);
Japanese and Arts of the Floating Guo Xi, Hokusai, Buddhism spreads to
(653 B.C.-A.D. 1900) World Hiroshige China (1st-2nd
centuries A.D.) and
Japan (5th
century A.D.)
Justinian partly
restores
Western Roman
Byzantine and Islamic Heavenly Byzantine Hagia Sophia, Andrei Empire (A.D. 533-
(A.D. 476-A.D. 4153) mosaics; Islamic Rublev, Mosque of A.D.562); Iconoclasm
architecture and Cordoba, The Alhambra Controversy
amazing maze-like (A.D.
design 726-A.D. 843); Birth of
Islam (A.D. 610) and
Muslim Conquests
(A.D. 632-A.D. 732)
Viking Raids (793-
1066); Battle of
St. Sernin, Durham Hastings (1066);
Middle Ages (5001400) Celtic Art, Carolingian Cathedral, Chartres, Crusades I-IV (1095-
Renaissance, Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto 1204); Black Death
Romanesque, Gothic (1347-1351); Hundred
Years’ War (1337-
1453)
Gutenberg invents
Ghiberti’s Doors, movable type (1447);
Early and High Rebirth of Classical Brunelleschi, Donatello, Turks conquer
culture Botticelli, Leonardo, Constantinople (1453);
Share with the class your favourite artist. Tell what makes him/her your favourite artist.
Renaissance Michelangelo, Raphael Columbus lands in New
(14001550) World (1492); Martin
Luther starts
Reformation (1517)
Council of Trent and
The Renaissance Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Counter-Reformation
Venetian and Northern spreads north-ward to Durer, Bruegel, Bosch, (1545-1563);
Renaissance France, the Low Jan van Eyck, Rogier Copernicus proves the
(14301550) Countries, Poland, van der Weyden Earth revolves around
Germany, and England the Sun (1543)
Mannerism Art that breaks the Tintoretto, El Greco, Magellan

(15271580) rules; artifice over Pontormo, Bronzino, circumnavigates the
nature Cellini globe (1520-1522)
Baroque (1600- Splendor and flourish Reubens, Rembrandt, Thirty Years’ War
1750) for God; art as a Caravaggio, Palace of between Catholiccs
weapon in the religious Versailles and Protestants (1618-
wars 1648)
Enlightenment (18th
Neoclassical Art that recaptures David, Ingres, Greuze, century); Industrial
(17501850) Greco-Roman grace Canova Revolution (1760-
and grandeur 1850)
American Revolution
(1775-1783); French
Romanticism The triumph of Caspar Friedrich, Revolution (1789-
(1780-1850) imagination and Gericault, Delacroix, 1799); Napoleon
individuality Turner, Benjamin West crowned emperor of
France (1803)
Realism Celebrating working Corot, Courbet, European democratic

(1848-1900) class and peasants; en Daumier, Millet revolutions of 1848
plein air, rustic painting
Franco-Prussian War
Impressionism Capturing fleeting Monet, Manet, Renoir, (1870-1871);
(1865-1885) effects of natural light Pissari, Cassatt, Unification of Germany
Morisot, Degas (1871)
Belle Epoque (late 19th

Post-Impressionism A soft revolt against Van Gogh, Gauguin, century Golden Age);
(1885-1910) Impressionism Cezanne, Seurat Japan defeats Russia
(1905)
Fauvism and Harsh colors and flat Matisse, Kirchner, Boxer Rebellion in
Expressionism surfaces (Fauvism); Kandinsky, Marc China (1900); World
(1900-1935) emotion distorting film Chagall War (1914-1918)
Cubism, Futurism, Pre and Post World War Picasso, Braque, Leger, Russian Revolution
Supremativism, 1 art experiments: new Boccioni, Severini, (1917); American
Constructivism, forms to express Malevich women franchised
De Stijl modern life (!920)
(1905-1920)
Disillusionment after
Ridiculous art, painting Duchamp, Dali, Ernst, World War I; The Great
Dada and Surrealism dreams and exploring Magritte, de Chirico, Depression (1929-
(1917-1950) unconscious Kahlo 1938); World
War II (1939-1945)
and Nazi horrors;
atomic bombs dropped
on Japan (1945)
Cold War and Vietnam
Abstract Post-World War II; pure Gorky, Pollock, de War (U.S. enters 1965);
Expressionism abstraction and Kooning, Rothko, U.S.S.R suppresses
(1940s1950s) expression without Warhol, Lichtenstein Hungarian revolt
And form; popular art (1956)
Pop Art (1960s) absorbs consumerism Czechoslovakian revolt
(1968)
Nuclear freeze
Postmodernism and Gerhard Richter, Cindy movement; Cold War
Deconstructivism Sherman, Anselm fizzles; Communism
(1970) collapses in Eastern
Art without a center Kiefer, Frank Gehry, Europe and U.S.S.R.
and reworking and Zaha Hadid (1989-1991)
mixing past styles
Click here to enter text.
Art History Timeline

by Jesse Bryant Wilder
The history of art is immense, the earliest cave paintings pre-date writing by almost
27,00 years! If you’re interested in art history, the first thing you should do is to take a look at
this table which briefly outlines the artists, traits, works and events that make up major art
periods and how art developed to present day:
Art Characteristics Chief Artists and Historical Events

Periods/Movements Major Works
Ice Age ends (10,000
Stone Age (30,000 Cave painting, fertility Lascaux Cave B.C.-8,000 B.C.); New
B.C. -2500 goddesses, megalithic Painting, Woman of Stone Age and first
B.C.) structures Willendorf, Stonehenge permanent settlements (8,000 B.C.-2500 B.C.)
Sumerians invent writing (3400 B.C.);

Mesopotamian (3500 Warrior art and Standard of Ur, Gate Hammurabi writes his
B.C.-539 B.C.) narration in stone relief of Ishtar, Stele of law code (1780 B.C.);
Hammurabi’s Code Abraham founds monotheism
Focus on the characteristics and chief events under each art period and
movement.
With groups, create an art history timeline. Answer the following questions:
1. If you were to go back in time, what era or movement would you like to live? Why?
2. Whose artist would you like to meet? Why?
Self-assessment questions:
1. Who are the artists and their works that made up major art periods?
2. How would you describe the era or movement?
3. How does art evolve to present day?
References:
Solmerano, Ernesto Thaddeus M. (2019). Art appreciation. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp.
Publishing Corp.
Module 2
Week No: 5
Title of Module: Let’s Dig Deeper into the Arts
This module consists of four lessons namely:
Lesson 5: Subject and Content in Arts

Lesson 6: Function of Arts
Lesson 7: Medium and Technique in Arts Click here to enter text.
Lesson 8: Organization in Arts
Overview
Lessons in this module focus on the function of arts, subject, kinds of subject and content in
art, medium and technique approach (in visual arts, auditory and combined arts) and
organization in the arts.
Expected Output: Art Talk (video)
Module Time Allotment (weeks or hours): 4 weeks
Describe the paintings.
The Son of Man by Rene Magritte
Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
Subject and Content in Art
Subject serves as the foundation of the creation of the work of art. Subject maybe a person,
object, scene or event. The subject provides the answer to the question: what is the work
of art all about? Subject matter is what the work of art depicts or represents.
Subject matter is the literal, visible image in a work while content includes the
connotative, symbolic and suggestive aspects of the image. The subject matter is the subject of
the artwork, e.g. still life, portrait, landscape, etc. while content is not subject or things in the work
of art but it is the communication of ideas, feelings and reactions connected with the subject. When
we look at an artwork its content is what is sensed rather than what can be analyzed. It is the
ultimate reason for creating art.
Two Types of Visual Art according to Subject

• Representational or figurative art represents actual objects or subjects from reality. They
are based on images which can be found in the objective world or in the artist’s imagination.
Subcategories under representational art include realism, impressionism, idealism and
stylization. Painting, sculpture, graphic arts, literature and theater arts are classified
as representational art.
• Non-representational or non-objective art does not represent or depict person, place or

thing in a natural world. Usually, the content of the work is its color, shapes,
brushstrokes, size, scale and in some cases its process.
Architecture is mostly non-objective or non-representational because it does

not depict or portray a subject. It is its own form. Music is also mostly non-objective or
non-representational although some music depicts a subject.
Art Interpretation
LESSON 6: The Function of Arts
Function of Arts
Function is direct and practical usefulness of the arts. Personal, social and physical function
can and often overlap in any given piece of art.
Personal functions of art are the most difficult to explain in any great detail.
However, they serve as:
o self-expression or gratification
o aesthetic experience
o entertainment
Social functions
o political art
o social conditions
o social and religious services
Physical function– practical use or utility like architecture, painting or sculpture
and decorative arts and crafts.
LESSON 8: Medium and Technique in Arts
Medium and Technique in Arts
Medium refers to the materials which are used by an artist to create works of art to interpret
his feelings or thoughts. Without a medium, there is no art. The distinctive character of the medium
determines the way it can be worked on and turned into a work of art. Its example is Monet’s
haystack pictures.
Technique is the manner in which the artist controls the medium. Artist controls the
medium to achieve the desire effect. It is the ability with which the artist fulfills the technical
requirements of his particular work of art. The way he manipulates his medium to express his
ideas in the artwork.
Media Used in Painting, Sculpture and Architecture

• common paint media are:
o acrylic paint o
encaustic o
fresco o
gouache
o magna paint
o oil paint o
pastel o
tempera o
watercolor
Sculpture – In sculpture, sculptors use a variety of materials to create

their art.
These include the following:
o hard
materials o
sound o light
Hard Materials
oldest form of sculpture and most recognizable and popular form of sculpture that has been created
with hard materials
examples are: Statues, Kinetic Sculptures, and Environmental sculpture
Some materials used are concrete, bronze, clay, stone, marble, granite, limestone, alabaster,
sandstone, schist, wood, glass, stainless steel, aluminum, antimony, chrome, etc.
Some alternative mediums are ice, sand, plastic and found objects.
These may often by representational, or may be created in abstract form.
Sound
Three dimensional structures produce sounds.
This art may also be known as a sound installation because the sculptures are regularly installed in
art galleries.
Artist who are known for their sound sculptures are Alexander Calder, Hugh Davies, and Nigel
Helyer.
This medium that makes this type of sculpture unique is the element
Examples of Sound Sculpture
Light Sculpture
It is the unique type of medium because they use a various form of light of lighting to create an
aesthetic effect.
The medium of light may use fractal manipulations or gaseous form of light-electricity-to produce an
image.
Olafur Eliasson and Dan Flavin – The creator of light sculptures made via fluorescent lights.
A man-made material is a material that is manufactured through human effort often using natural
raw materials.
Man-made materials like glass, steel, and concrete cement.
Examples of Light Sculpture
Organization in the Arts
Organization refers to the order in a work of art. It also refers to the ways element are
arranged, combined, and configured to make a whole. It must make sense and must be interesting.
Organizational Techniques
Example:
• A work of art is said to be aesthetically pleasing to the eye if the elements within the work
are arranged in a balanced compositional way.
• However, there are artists such as Salvador Dali whose sole aim is to disrupt traditional
composition and challenge the viewers to rethink balance and design elements within
artworks.
The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali
The elements of art are the building blocks used to create a work of art.
Elements of Art
It is an extent of area
Distance along a route measured
in a straight line.
“Crows in the Distance”

by Padgett
It is an area around,
Space above and within an
object.
“The Last Supper”

by Leonardo da Vinci
Color It enhances the appeal of

an artwork because it has
range.
“In Times Past” by

Jalo Porkkala
Line
This refers to a point

moving at an identifiable
path.
“Las Meninas” by
Diego Velasquez
Value
It refers to the
brightness
or darkness of color.
“Guiditta and Oloferne” by

Caravagio and Robert Adams
Perspective
It is the appearance to
the eye of objects in
respect to their relative
distance and positions.
“Perspective of Gardens” by
Jacques Rousseau
Shape This refers to two

dimensions which are
height and width.
“Swinging”
by Wassily Kandinsky
Form It is the visual

appearance or
configuration of an
object.
“Two Piece Reclining”

by Henry Moore
Texture
This element renders the art
object tactile.
“Cloud Gate”
by Anish Kapoor
Scale
It pertains to the size in

relation to what is normal for
the figure or object in question.
“Video Game Man” by

Beverly Mayeri
The design is the overall organizational visual structure of the formal elements in a work
of art. The principles of art design are rules or guides to help one put these elements together
to achieve beauty.
Principles of Design
Rhythm This is created when an element

is repeated creating
implied movement.
“The Subway” by
George Tooker
Emphasis
It is the focal point of an image
or when area or thing stands
out the most.
“Windswept Lion” by
Nick Brandt
Unity
This is achieved when all the
elements and principles work
together to create a pleasing
image.
“Woven Bracken Ball” by

Andy Goldsworthy
Balance
It refers to the distribution of the
visual elements in view of their
placement in relation to
each other.
“Birth of Venus” by
Sandro Botticelli
Proportion
It is the size of the components
or objects in relation to one
another when taken as a
composition or a unit.
“Nautilus Shells” by
Edward Weston
Movement
It is a particular rhythmic flow of
object or a mechanism that
transmits a definite motion.
“The Starry Night” by Vincent van Gogh
Pattern
It is a coherent system based
on the intended interrelationship
of component
parts.
“Self Portrait” by
Chuck Close
Contrast
It is used to differentiate
between two things to create
interest and tension.
“The Migration of the Negro” by

Jacob Lawrence
The Artist and the Artisan
What’s the difference between an artist and artisan? This question is comparable to the
issue of what constitutes art and what is labeled as a craft. An artist is someone engaged in an
activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art. The term art basically
refers to the making of tangible or intangible products as an expression of creativity and
imagination for purely aesthetic reasons. On the other hand, an artisan, though stimulated by the
same impulses in creating tangible or intangible products, produces crafts which are meant for
decoration and are designed to be practical or useful. Though there may exist a perceived
dissimilarity between an artist (a producer of art) and an artisan (a designer of craft) in their relative
cultural status, the distinctions is not in quality or artistic achievement but in function.
Artist is someone engaged in art activity related to creating art, practicing arts, or demonstrating
arts. Art refers to making tangible or intangible products as an expression of creativity and
imagination for purely aesthetic reasons.
Artisan produces crafts which are meant for decoration and are designed to be practical
or useful.
Artist versus Artisan

Artist (producer of art)
Artisan (designer of craft)
The distinction is not in quality or artistic achievement but in function.
Art Museum or Art Gallery

Building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art.
Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership or collection.
List of GAMABA Awardees 1
Ginaw Bilog Masino Intaray

(+ 2003) (+ 2013)
Poet Musician and Storyteller
Hanunuo Mangyan Pala’wan
Panaytayan, Brookes Point,
Oriental Mindoro 1993 Palawan
1993
Samoan Sulayman Lang Dulay
(+ 2011) (+ 2015)
Musician Textile Weaver
Magindanao T’boli
Mama sa Pano, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato 1998
Maguindanao 1993
Salinta Monon Alonzo Saclag Musician

(+ 2009) and
Textile Weaver Dancer, Kalinga
Tagabawa Bagobo Lubungan, Kalinga 2000
Bansalan, Davao del Sur 1998
Federico Caballero Uwang Ahadas

Epic Chanter Musician
Sulod-Bukidnon Yakan
Calinog, Iloilo 2000 Lamitan, Basilan 2000
List of GAMABA Awardees 2
Darhata Sawabi Eduardo Mutuc

(+ 2005) Metalsmith
Textile Weaver Kapampangan
Tausug Apalit Pampanga
Parang, Sulu 2004 2004
Hajja Amina Appi Teofilo Garcia

(+ 2013) Casque Maker
Mat Weaver Ilocano
Sama San Quintin,
Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi 2004 Abra
2012
Magdalena Gamayo Ambalang Ausalin
Textile Weaver Textile Weaver,
Ilocano 2016
Pinili, Ilocos Yakan
Norte Basilan, ARMM 1943
2012
Estelita Bantillan Yabing Masalon Dulo
Mat Weaver, 2016 Ikat Weaver, 2016
Blaan Blaan
Malapasan, Polomok, South
Sarangani Cotobato
1940 1914
Philippine Traditional Motifs and Crafts
Indigenous Philippine Arts and Crafts
1. Weaving
• It originated in the pre-colonial times.
• The craft of weaving of the Cordillera tribal
groups still exist despite certain threats.
• The natives use back strap loom to produce

blankets and articles of clothing.
Materials used in Weaving Pina

Cloth
• produced in looms throughout the province of Antique

• hand-woven cloth that is made from fibers
• used in Barong Tagalog
Abaca Fiber
• comes from Abaca Plant
• woven mainly make ‘Sinamay’ fabric and abaca rope
• specialty papers like vacuum bags, currency, and tea bags
• handcrafts like bags, carpets and clothing made of abaca
Aside from Weaving Industry, Cordillerans are famous for making baskets.
Baskets
• served as livelihood for Cordillerans
• used for storage of food
Certain types of baskets are also served for:
• hunting animals (pre-colonial times)
• carrying grains
• fishing in the streams
• fish traps
2. Pottery-Making
Filipino potters make pots of different sizes, shapes and designs, which are usually
geometric with stylized nature-themed motifs.
Palayok
• Visayas – kulon smaller-sized pots – (anglit)
• mainly used for cooking
Tapayan and Banga

• primarily used for storing liquids
• storing wines
Kalan is a clay-made stove. 3.
Wood-Carving
Philippine sculpture is the most familiar art form among Filipinos. Anitos
• (Nature God), also spelled as Anitu

• refer to ancestor spirits, nature spirits, and deities (diwata) in the indigenous animistic
religions of precolonial Philippines
Santos (Saints)
• The English word "saint" comes from the Latin "sanctus". The word translated in Greek
is "ἅγιος" (hagios), which means "holy.” • Saints are the heroes of the Catholic faith.
1. Jewelry Making
• Since 16th century, jewelry making in the Philippines has been practiced.
• It is believed that the skills of the early Filipino jewelry-makers are
adopted from their Asian neighbor like the Chinese.
• Jewelry making is traditionally a home-based country.
• Philippines is known for its exquisite gold jewelry.
• Gold and silver are among the more popular jewelry pieces

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Lesson 1: Philosophy of Art

2. Art as Expression of Emotional Content. Expression became important during the

2. Art is a discovery and development of elementary principles of nature.

Top 10 Questions on our Assumptions about Art 10.

9. Why do we assume that art should be collectible?

4. Why do we assume that art is something that can be defined?

2. Why do we assume that art should be art?

Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali

Sunflowers by Vincent Van Gogh

Crisis in Humanity by Benedicto Cabrera

Describe: Tell what you see (the visual facts).

1. How has the artist used colors in the work?

1. What was the artist’s statement in this work?

8. Why did the artists create this artwork?

Crisis in Humanity by Benedicto Cabrera

LESSON 4: Art History

ABOUT THE LESSON:

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

LO1: Trace down the history of arts.

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: history art timeline

LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 1.5 hours LEARNING

Athens defeats Persia

Mannerism Art that breaks the Tintoretto, El Greco, Magellan

Realism Celebrating working Corot, Courbet, European democratic

Belle Epoque (late 19th

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Art History Timeline

Art Characteristics Chief Artists and Historical Events

Sumerians invent writing (3400 B.C.);

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Title of Module: Let’s Dig Deeper into the Arts

This module consists of four lessons namely:

Lesson 5: Subject and Content in Arts

Expected Output: Art Talk (video)

Module Time Allotment (weeks or hours): 4 weeks

Describe the paintings.

The Son of Man by Rene Magritte

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci

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Subject and Content in Art

Two Types of Visual Art according to Subject

• Non-representational or non-objective art does not represent or depict person, place or

Architecture is mostly non-objective or non-representational because it does

LESSON 6: The Function of Arts

LESSON 8: Medium and Technique in Arts

Medium and Technique in Arts

Media Used in Painting, Sculpture and Architecture

Sculpture – In sculpture, sculptors use a variety of materials to create

examples are: Statues, Kinetic Sculptures, and Environmental sculpture

These may often by representational, or may be created in abstract form.

Examples of Sound Sculpture

Man-made materials like glass, steel, and concrete cement.

Examples of Light Sculpture

The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali

“Crows in the Distance”

“The Last Supper”

Color It enhances the appeal of

“In Times Past” by

This refers to a point

“Guiditta and Oloferne” by