Turbulent Flows

Stephen B. Pope
Cambridge University Press (2000)

Solution to Exercise 4.5

Prepared by: Renfeng Cao Date: 02/07/03

a) Normalizing the definition of the deviatoric anisotropic tensor in Eq.

(4.25) with k, we have
 
0.4133 −0.32 0
aij hui uj i 1
= − δij =  −0.32 −0.2667 0 
. (1)

k k 3
0 0 −0.1467

So the normalized anisotropy tensor is

 
0.2067 −0.16 0
aij 
bij = =  −0.16 −0.1333 0 
. (2)
2k
0 0 −0.0733

b) The correlation coefficient between u1 and u2 is

hu1 u2 i hu1 u2 i/k −0.32

ρ12 ≡ 1 = 1 = 1 = −0.4869.
[(hu21 i)(hu22 i)] 2 [hu21 i/khu22 i/k] 2 (1.08 × 0.4) 2
(3)

c) The 1-2 component of θ, Aki huk uj iAj` is

hu1 u2 i(cos2 θ − sin2 θ) + sin θ cos θ(hu21 i − hu22 i) = 0. (4)

The angle θR which transforms hui uj i/k to principal axis is determined

by the requirement that this quantity be zero. This leads to
hu1 u2 i
tan(2θR ) = = 0.9412. (5)
(hu22 i− hu21 i)/2
So,
θR = 0.3776 = 21.6◦ . (6)

1
 d) The mean rate of strain is
1 ∂hU1 i
 
0 2 ∂x2
0
1 ∂hU1 i
 
S̄ij = 
 2 ∂x2
0 0 
 (7)
0 0 0

because ∂hU1 i/∂x2 is the only non-zero mean velocity gradient in this
homogeneous turbulent flow. Similar to Eq. (4), we have

1 ∂hU1 i
(cos2 θS − sin2 θS ) = 0. (8)
2 ∂x2
So
θS = π/4 = 45◦ . (9)

e) From question (c) we have

 
1.2069 0 0
Aki huk uj iAj` =  0 0.2731 0 
. (10)


0 0 0.5200

So the eigenvalues of hui uj i are 1.2069k, 0.2731k and 0.52k.

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