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Objectives
1. Describe the role of male and female
reproductive hormones.
2. Cite the changes that happen in the human
body during puberty.
3. Evaluate the importance of maintaining proper
functioning of the reproductive system.
The Role of
Hormones in the
Reproductive System

Presented by: L. Cruz, WY 2023

Overview
Hormones play an important role that regulates the
function of a specific organ of the body.

They regulate complex chemical substances secreted by

the endocrine glands that are carried through the
bloodstream to the target organ in many areas of the body.

The hormones of the reproductive system carry a specific

role during puberty, ovulation, pregnancy, and
development.
What is a hormone?
body's chemical messengers that travel in your
bloodstream to tissues or organs.
have great impact on growth, appearance, emotions
and reproductive functions.
affect various processes in the body as they regulate
and balance the functions of organs, tissue and cells.
an increase or decrease in hormonal level may result
to body disorder due to hormonal imbalance
The reproductive glands
are controlled by the
pituitary gland, which is
controlled by the
hypothalamus.
In both sexes the hypothalamus monitors and causes the
release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

When the reproductive hormone is required the

hypothalamus sends a gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH to the anterior pituitary gland. This causes the
release of follicle-stimulating hormones FSH and
luteinizing hormones LH from the anterior pituitary gland
into the blood.
GLAND HORMONES FUNCTION
Testes Testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis
regulates the development of
the male sex organs in the
embryo
controls sex drive
responsible for secondary male
characteristics, such as:
deepening of the voice, growth
of facial, axillary, and pubic hair
GLAND HORMONES FUNCTION
Testes Androgen help enter puberty and mature
physically
also responsible for the
development of secondary
sexual characteristics in men,
including facial and body hair
growth and voice change
affect bone and muscle
development and metabolism
GLAND HORMONES FUNCTION
Ovaries Estrogen assists in ovulation and in
calcium absorption
controls sex drive
responsible for secondary
sexual characteristics of
females, such as: breast
development, widening of hips,
shorter period necessary for
bone maturation
GLAND HORMONES FUNCTION
Ovaries Progesterone controls the development of
endometrium during the
menstrual cycle
maintenance of uterus during
pregnancy
inhibition of the release of LH
and FSH
GLAND HORMONES FUNCTION
Pituitary Prolactin stimulates the production of
milk in the mammary glands

Luteinizing stimulates ovulation,

Hormone (LH) maturation of cells and
& progesterone production in
Follicle- female
Stimulating stimulates sperm and
Hormone testosterone production in
(FSH) female
The reproductive glands of male
and female work at low levels until
the age of 10. After this age,
hormone levels begin to increase
and physical changes start to
develop.

The body must hit puberty in order

for the adrenal glands to release
the hormones that must be present
for GnRH to be produced.
Puberty
Understanding Your Changing Body
When we talk about these changes
it is normal to feel…
What is puberty?
It is the time when our bodies change from a
child’s body to an adult body.
These are the cells that are necessary to make a
new human.
When do changes
happen?
Most people begin between the
ages of 10 and 14. 

For some most changes happen

in a few years.
For some changes happen slowly
over lots of years.
2
Male, Female, Both
Directions
Write the given descriptions under the correct column, if
the changes are for male, female, or both in the table.

Male Both Female

Get taller and heavier
Hips get wider and more
curvy
Get more muscles
Oily skin
Voices get deeper
Hair grows on the face, under
armpits, around the genitals
Breasts and nipples get
larger
May have mood swings,
sexual thoughts and feelings.
Penis becomes larger
Uterus and vagina becomes
larger
Growth of scrotum and testes
Ovaries produce hormones
Secretes hormones related to
spermatogenesis
Increase in body odor
Acne
What Causes These
Changes?

HORMONES

2
Generally, females and males have
the same hormones (estrogens,
progesterone, and testosterone), but
their production sites, their blood
concentrations, and their interactions
with different organs, systems, and
apparatus are different.
Regulation of
Reproductive
Hormone Secretion
in Males
At start of puberty the hypothalamus will
release GnRH to stimulate the anterior
pituitary gland to produce and release
LH and FSH. The LH and FSH will travel
into the male reproductive system. FSH
enters testes and stimulates the Sertoli
cells to begin facilitating
spermatogenesis using negative
feedback. LH also enters and stimulates
the interstitial cells of Leydig to make
and release testosterone into the testes
and the blood.
A negative feedback system occurs with rising levels of
testosterone acting on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
to inhibit the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH.

The Sertoli cells produce the hormone inhibin which is

released into the blood when the sperm count is too high. This
inhibits the release of GnRH and FSH which will cause
spermatogenesis to slow down.

However, if the sperm counts reach 20 million per milliliters

the Sertoli cells stops the release of inhibin and the sperm
count increases again.
Regulation of
Reproductive
Hormone Secretion
in Females
Presented by: L. Cruz, WY 2023
The GnRH from hypothalamus
stimulates the pituitary gland to
release the hormones FSH and
LH into the ovaries. The LH and
FSH stimulates the ovaries to
produce estrogen and
progesterone. These hormones
are responsible to produce
mature egg cells.
FSH stimulates the development of egg cells called ova
which develop in structures called follicles. Follicle cells
produce the hormone inhibin which inhibits or stops the
releasing of FSH. This give negative feedback in the
female reproductive feedback in the female
reproductive system.

2
Low testosterone levels in males can lead to erectile
dysfunction. They can also affect sleep, mood, the size
of the testicles, and more. In both males and females,
low testosterone can lead to lower bone mass and
reduced sex drive.

Problems associated with abnormally high

testosterone levels in men include: Low sperm counts,
shrinking of the testicles and impotence
Some women with high testosterone levels develop
frontal balding. Other possible effects include acne, an
enlarged clitoris, increased muscle mass, and
deepening of voice. High levels of testosterone can
also lead to infertility and are commonly seen in
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Androgens like testosterone are sex hormones.
Androgens help people enter puberty and mature
physically. Females with high androgen levels may
develop acne, facial hair and other issues. Males with
too little androgen may have low sex drives and
develop breasts (gynecomastia).
Your body needs estrogen for your reproductive,
cardiovascular and bone health. Too much estrogen,
though, can cause irregular periods and may worsen
conditions that affect your reproductive health.

Low estrogen: May delay puberty, slow or prevent

sexual development. Occurs in perimenopause and
menopause, often leading to painful sex, lower sexual
desire and hot flashes
High levels of progesterone prevent the uterus from
contracting (squeezing) and causing pre-term labor.
Much of the progesterone you need for a healthy
pregnancy is made by the placenta. The placenta is the
organ that grows in the uterus to provide nutrients and
oxygen to the unborn baby.

Low levels of progesterone can cause irregular

menstrual periods, spotting and headaches, and could
affect your ability to get pregnant.
QUIZ