The Battle of Khyber was fought in 7 A.

H in Muharram against the Jews

who had broken their agreements with the Muslims. The tribes in Khyber
had tried to instigate other tribes in the area to attack the Muslims. The
Prophet (PBUH) eventually decided to try to put a stop to these attacks and
raised an army to march to Khyber. The Muslim army caught the city by
surprise. There were eight forts in total. The Muslims attacked the first fort
of Naim and then took over the other numerous strongholds, except al-
Qamus which was tried to be conquered Multiple times, but it remained
unconquered.

Furthermore, one night The Prophet (pbuh) said, “Tomorrow I will give the
standard to a man who loves Allah and His Prophet and Allah, and his Prophet
love him.” (Sahih Bukhari) Ali (r.a) was selected to fight the Jewish leader,
Marhab and killed him. The Jews requested to grant them peace in return
the Jews would give half their produce to the Muslims. The Prophet (pbuh)
agreed. The battle strengthened the Muslims’ and the Prophet’s leadership.

Battle of Mut'ah was the fiercest battle during the Prophet’s lifetime. It was
fought in 629 AD (8AH). The Prophet had sent Harith bin Umair carrying a
letter to the ruler of Basra, but he was intercepted and killed by the
governor of al-Balqa. On this The Prophet mobilized an army of 3000 men.
Prophet said People near the scene of al-Harith’s murder would be invited
to Islam and if they accepted no battle would ensue. Zaid bin Haritha was
to lead the army, Ja’far bin Abu Talib would replace him, and Abdullah bin
Rawaha would replace Ja’far if he fell. Heraclius sent 100,000 troops with
another 100,000 from tribes allied to the Byzantines. Khalid bin Walid
stepped up to take leadership and showed his skills as a strategist after all
leaders were martyred. The Muslims gradually retreated and the
Byzantines, thinking they were entrapped, stopped their pursuit allowing
the Muslims to incur minimal casualties.

In the Battle of Hunain, Banu Hawazin and Banu Saqif did not want to
submit to Islam so they decided to fight against the Muslims. Knowingly, On
10 shawal, 8 AH The Prophet (pbuh) marched to meet them with 12 000
men. The enemy were already waiting for the Muslim army, hiding and
waiting to shower arrows at them. When this happened, the enemy attack
became fierce, and the Muslims started to retreat. Abbas (r.a) called out: "O
you Ansaar! Who sheltered and helped the Muslims. O you Muhajireen! Who
took pledge under the tree, Muhammad is alive and here he is on this side."
Eventually the troops returned, and they went on to defeat the army. The
Holy Prophet threw a handful of dust towards the enemy, saying: "May your
faces be shameful." (Al-Tabaqat-al-Kubra). The enemy fled leaving everything
behind. The Muslims collected large booty.
Tabuk Expedition took place in 9AH. The Byzantines were wary of the
growing Muslim power and wanted to defeat them before they became too
big or powerful to conquer. The Nabateans brought news to Madina of a big
and powerful army that Heraclius was preparing. The Prophet decided to
go to war and meet the Byzantines on their border. They marched to Tabuk
with 30,000 men and the Muslims had donated generously for this
expedition, Uthamn gave 300 saddled camels, 50 horses and one
thousand dinar, on what the Holy Prophet said:"From this day onwards,
nothing will harm Uthman,regardless of what he does." (Tirmizi). Ali was left
behind to look after Prophet's family. They faced many hardships on the way,
once at Tabuk they stayed some days, but the Byzantine army did not
arrive. The Prophet took control of some of the tribes on the border. On
return to Madina the Muslim’s reputation as a powerful force reached far
and wide, and many delegations came to visit him after this event.