GREEN PARK INTERNATIONAL SR. SEC.

SCHOOL, NAMAKKAL
XII – PHYSICS
IMPORTANT DERIVATIONS AND THEORY POINTS – CHAPTER WISE

CHAPTER – 1 : CHARGES AND FIELDS

State and Explain Coulomb’s Law.
Electric field intensity at a point due to point charge.
Electric field intensity at a point on the axis of circular ring.
Electric field intensity at a point on the axial line and equatorial line of dipole.
Torque acting on electric dipole in uniform electric field. (or external field)
Derivation of Coulomb’s Law from Gauss Law.
Electric field due to an infinite long straight uniformly charged wire.
Electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
Electric field due to conducting sphere and non-conducting sphere.

CHAPTER – 2 : POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

Electric potential due to a point charge.
Potential due to electric dipole (i) axial line (ii) equatorial line. (This is text book derivation only)
Derive the relation between electric field and potential difference.
Expression for potential energy of two charged particle system.
Potential energy of a system of two charges in an external field. (3M question)
Derive the expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor.
Effective capacitance in series and parallel combination.
Derive the expression for energy stored in capacitor and explain the effect of dielectric on
energy stored in capacitor.
Derive the expression for energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor. Hence obtain the energy
density of the electric filed.
Energy distribution methods.
Practice equipotential surface diagrams. 2.9(a), 2.10, 2.11 (a) & (b).

CHAPTER – 3 : CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Define the term Drift velocity. Obtain expression for the current density interms of relaxation
time. (you practice upto conductivity in text book)
Laws of resistance and derive the relation J = σE.
Effective emf in (i) series combination (ii) parallel combination
State Kirchoff’s Laws and Derive the principle of Wheatstone’s bridge.
Meter bridge.
Potentio meter principle, comparison of emf’s, finding of internal resistance.
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CHAPTER – 4 : MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM
Motion of charged particle in magnetic field
i) When it is projecting perpendicular to field.
ii) When it is projecting by making some angle with the field.
State and explain Biot-Savart Law.
Practice all applications of Biot-Savart Law (Numerical problems most important)
Magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular current loop.
State and explain Amperis Law. Also solve Ex. 4.8.
Draw the magnetic field lines due to a current passing through a long solenoid. Use amper’s
circuital law, to obtain the expression for the magnetic field due to the current I in a long
solenoid having in number of turns per unit length.
Obtain the expression for the magnetic field inside an air cored toroid of average radius r
having n turns per unit length and carrying steady current I.
Expression for torque acting on a rectangular current loop in uniform magnetic field.
Magnetic moment of circular coil and revolving electron.
Moving coil galvanometer.
Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter and volt meter.

CHAPTER – 5 : MAGNETISM AND MATTER

Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid.
Gauss law in magnetism.
Derive the relation µr = 1 + χ.
Differences between dia, para and Ferro magnetic substances.

CHAPTER – 6 : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Expression for motional emf.
Energy consideration.
Example: 6.8
What are eddy currents? Write their applications.
Energy stored in inductor.
Derive the expression for self inductance of long solenoid.
Derive the expression for mutual inductance of coaxial solenoids.
AC generator.

CHAPTER – 7 : ALTERNATIVS CURRENT

AC through L-C-R circuit, sharpness of resonance, quality factor.
(Both phaser and analytical methods)
AC through pure resistor, pure inductor, pure capacitor.

CHAPTER – 8 : ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (THEORY ONLY)

Maxwell equations.
Electromagnetic spectrum.
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CHAPTER – 9 : RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Derive the relation between Radius of curvature and focal length of spherical mirror.
Derivation of mirror formula.
Explain briefly about optical fibre.
Refraction through spherical surface. Derive the expression
n 2 n1 n 2 − n1 µ µ µ − µ1
− = (or) 2 − 1 = 2
v u R v u R
Derive lens makers formula and lens formula.
Ray diagrams for different positions of object.
Combination of thin lenses in contact.
Refraction through a prism.
Derive the expression for refractive index in minimum deviation position of prism.
Simple microscope and compound microscope.
Astronomical telescope.
Reflecting microscope (or) Case grain telescope.

CHAPTER – 10 : WAVE OPTICS

Explain reflection of plane wave front using Huygens principle.
Explain refraction of plane wave front
i) When light travelling from rarer to denser medium
ii) When light travelling from denser to rarer medium.
Derive the expressions for condition maxima and minima in interference.
Derive the expression for fringe width in youngs dough slit experiment.
Example 10.4 very important.
Single slit diffraction experiment.

CHAPTER – 11 : DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

Experimental study of photo electric effect (Practice including graphs)
Explain the photon picture of light (or) electromagnetic radiation.
Wave theory fails to explain laws of photo electric effect. Why?
Explain de-Broglie hypothesis.

CHAPTER – 12 : ATOMS

Explain Geiger – Marsden α-ray scattering experiment.

Define impact parameter and Distance of closest approach.
Derive the expression for (i) radius (ii) velocity (iii) energy of electron in nth orbit for hydrogen
like atoms.
Explain the spectral lines of hydrogen atom.
De Broglie explanation Bohr’s quantization principle. (2M)
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CHAPTER – 13 : NUCLEI

Define Mass defect and Binding energy.

Write the differences between nuclear fission and fusion.
Explain construction and working of nuclear reactor.
Explain proton-proton cycle.

CHAPTER – 14 : SEMI CONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS

Draw the energy band diagrams of n-type & p-type semiconductors.

Explain V – I characteristics of p-n junction diode in (i) forward (ii) reverse bias. Also draw
the circuit diagrams.
Explain the formation of p-n junction.
Half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier.
Photo diode.
LED.
Solar cell.