WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION?
Industrial Revolution, in modern
history, the process of change
from an agrarian and handicraft
economy to one dominated by
industry and machine
manufacturing.
-www.britannica.com
 Why in Britain?

Industrial revolution specifically emerged from Britain because

it had natural resources like iron, ore, and developed farmlands.
It also had a stable population growth due to the boosting
agricultural system.

This process began in Britain in the 18th

century and from there spread to other parts of
the world.
ARNOLD TOYNBEE
(1852–83) – popularized the
term “Industrial Revolution”
to describe Britain’s
economic development from
1760-1840
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

Socio-Economi
c
Technological Cultural
 The technological changes included the following:

The use of new basic

The invention of new
materials, chiefly iron
machines such as the
and steel
spinning jenny and
power loom
Developments in transportation and
communication including the steam
locomotive, steamship, automobile,
airplane, telegraph, and radio

The use of energy sources

both fuels and coals, steam A new organization of
engine, electricity, work known as the Application of
petroleum, etc. factory system Science to
Industry
There were also many new developments in nonindustrial
spheres, including the following:

Agricultural
Political Changes Cultural
improvements
Transformations

Economic changes Growth of Cities

 These technological changes made possible a tremendously increased:

Increased use of natural Mass production of

resources manufactured goods
 This rapid urbanization brought
significant challenges, as overcrowded
cities suffered from:

Growth of Cities

Pollution
Lack of Clean Drinking
Water
Inadequate Sanitation
 Working Conditions

❑ poor and working class people continued to struggle

❑ working in factories increasingly tedious (and sometimes dangerous), and;
❑ many workers were forced to work long hours for pitifully low wages.
Why did Industrial Revolution
Start?
❑ Before industrial revolution manufacturing took place in homes or
rural areas and it was done by hand. Some products made in home
(including clothing, furniture, tools, hardware, jewelry, leather,
silverware, and weapons) were even exchanged for food.

❑ But people lived in fear that the crops they grew might fail, as
many of them suffered from malnutrition. In addition, common
diseases and other epidemics were unfortunately common.
Hence machine were introduced to enhance the effective
production.
Why did Industrial Revolution
Start?
1st to 4th Industrial Revolution
The First Industrial Revolution 1765
❑ It started at the end of the 18th century
to the beginning of the 19th

❑ The biggest changes came in the

industries in the form of
mechanization.

❑ massive extraction of coal along with

the very important invention of the
steam engine
The Second Industrial Revolution 1870
❑ It started at the end of the 19th century, with massive
technological advancements in the field of industries
that helped the emergence of a new source of energy.
Electricity, gas, and oil.

❑ creation of the internal combustion engine

❑ development for steel demand, chemical synthesis

and methods of communication such as the
telegraph and the telephone

❑ inventions of the automobile, and the plane in

the beginning of the 20th century
The Third Industrial Revolution 1969
❑ emergence of yet another source of untapped, at
the time, energy. Nuclear energy

❑ the rise of electronics, telecommunications and of

course computers. Through the new technologies,
the third industrial revolution opened the doors to
space expeditions, research, and biotechnology

❑ In the world of the industries, two major

inventions, Programmable Logic Controllers
(PLCs) and Robots helped give rise to an era of
high-level automation
Industry 4.0
❑ Industry 4.0 started in the dawn of the
third millennium with the one thing that
everyone uses every single day. The
Internet.
Objectives:
At the end of the presentation, the students will be able to:
O Discuss the different intellectual revolutions that defined society.
O Differentiate the three intellectual revolutions.
O Critic the assumptions and claims of the different intellectual revolutions.
 What is Intellectual
Revolution?
❑ It is the period where paradigm shifts occurred. It is where
the scientific beliefs that has been widely embraced and
accepted by the people were challenged and opposed
 Intellectual Revolution:
- Greek speculation about “nature”
- Known as ”Pre-Socrates” or ”non-theological” or ”first philosophy”
 Intellectual Revolution:
- Greek speculation about “nature”
- Known as ”Pre-Socrates” or ”non-theological” or ”first philosophy”

3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS PHILOSOPHY

❑ The world is a natural whole
❑ There is a “natural order”
❑ Human can discover those laws
 Intellectual Revolutions:
“Fre-C0-D”

Darwinian Revolution
Freudian Revolution Copernican Revolution

Sigmund Freud Charles Darwin

Nicholas Copernicus
Copernican Revolution
The geocentric model
A famous philosopher and astronomer, CLAUDIUS
PTOLEMY, stated that the planet as well as the sun
and moon moved in a circular motion around the
Earth. He believed that the Earth was at the center-
a concept known as the Geocentrism.

The geocentric model was widely accepted by the

people and was one of the greatest discoveries
during that time.

The geocentric model was the predominant description of

the cosmos in many European ancient civilizations, such as
those of Aristotle in Classical Greece and Ptolemy in
Roman Egypt.
Copernican Revolution
In the 16th century, NICOLAUS COPERNICUS,
a Polish mathematician and astronomer,
challenge the Ptolemaic model. He introduced a
new concept known as HELIOCENTRISM
which suggest that the center of the Solar System
was not the Earth but actually the sun.

The idea was rejected at first by the people in a

period which was called the BIRTH OF
MODERN ASTRONOMY
Geocentric Model
In astronomy, the geocentric model (also
known as geocentrism, often exemplified
specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is a
cosmological theory of the Universe
with Earth at the center. Under the
geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars,
and planets all orbit Earth.
Darwinian Revolution
❑ Charles Darwin, Theory of Evolution

Considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolution

of its time.

On the Origin of Species, Darwin introduce the theory of evolution

which suggested that all organisms are related and have descended
from a common ancestor, and that population pass through a process
of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive

He stated that organism have the ability to adapt to their

environment and would gradually change into something that would
be more competitive to survive, a process known as evolution
4 FACTORS
 Variation
❑ There is genetic variation
within a population that
can be inherited.

❑ Those organisms with

heritable traits better
suited to the environment
will reach maturity and
survive.
 Overproduction
❑ In nature, there is tendency toward
overpopulation (ex. Mice, ants, fish,
etc.)

❑ More populations are produced that

can actually survive

❑ Overproduction leads to competition

for survival
Natural Selection
❑ Natural selection favors the best
suited at the time

❑ Survival of the fittest. According to

Charles Darwin, “It is not the
strongest species that survives, nor
the most intelligent, but the ones
most responsive to change”
 ❑ Variations are inherited. The most suited variants leave
more offspring
Inheritance ❑ Changes in the organism brought by the environment
will be inherited by their offspring.

❑ Some variation is caused by the environment, such as

the loss of a limb or the building of muscle. These traits
are not heritable, so they can’t be selected for in the
next generation
 Freudian Revolution
❑ Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalysis is the study that explains human

behavior. In his theory, SIGMUND FREUD explained
that there are many conscious and unconscious factors
that can influence behavior and emotions

He also argued that personality is a product of three

conflicting elements: ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO
3 COMPONENTS OF THE MIND AFFECTING HUMAN Freudian Revolution
BEHAVIOR:

1. ID- “I want” is made up of unconscious psychic

energy that works to satisfy the basic needs, urges,
and desires.

TRAITS:
✔ Engine of desire, impulses and drives MECHANISM: DESIRE
✔ Pleasure seeking & TEMPTATION
✔ Unresponsive to the demands of reality and social
mores ✔ If you want it badly
✔ Contrary impulses can exist side by side in the id enough, you will do it
✔ Selfish and willful
✔ Strong emotions
✔ Short term thinking (short term gratification)
✔ The inner child/devil on your shoulder
✔ Governed by pleasure principle
 Freudian Revolution
3. SUPEREGO- “I should” is composed of
people’s internalized ideas, acquired
from parents and society; works to
suppress the urges of the ID and tries to
make the ego behave normally, rather
than realistically
2 Parts:
1. Conscience- the integrated “shoulds”
and “should not” of our culture. It is
the moral code internalized by our
parents and society
2. Ego Ideal- This is the inner vision of
your best self
TRAITS
✔ Strives to act in a socially
acceptable manner
✔ Guilt shame and inadequacy
✔ Internalized voice of authority
from parents or society
✔ Long-term thinking
✔ Inner parent/angel on your
shoulder
MECHANISM:
✔ Feeling bad to curb your
enthusiasm. If you feel bad
enough, you will take heed of it
✔ Pride and feelings of value and
accomplishment as you align
with it more and more
2. EGO- ego mediates the demands of
the ID, the super ego and the reality;
works to to satisfy the IDs desire in a
manner that is realistic and socially
appropriate
Freudian Revolution
TRAITS
✔ The ego is the reality principle
✔ Serves three masters: ID, SUPEREGO,
and EXTERNAL WORLD (Reality)
✔ The task is to find a balance between the
internal drives and the external reality
while satisfying the id and the superego
✔ Judgment, decision making, and
evaluation