19A
Determination of the stability of coal mining tunnels on the
basis of yield zone considerations and post-failure behaviour of
rocks can be fairly accurately achieved providing due account is
taken of the stratified characteristics of the rock immediately
surrounding the tunnel excavation. Most tunnel design methods
which employ an average strength property value for all the
rock types immediately surrounding the tunnel can produce
more accurate determinations of predicted tunnel closure pro-
viding they use the individual stratified properties.
851161
Concrete strain measurements in a circular segmental lining at
Cadley Hill Colliery
Bloor, A S; Jones, R T; Zadeh, A M H
Proc ISRM Symposium on Design and Performance of
Underground Excavations, Cambridge, 3-6 Sept 1984 P485-
492. Publ London." British Geotechnical Society, 1984
The strains developed in concrete segmental linings erected
behind the M R D E circular tunnelling machine at Cadley Hill
Colliery are being monitored using vibrating wire strain gauges.
Results obtained for the first 600m of the proposed 1500m
drivage are presented.
851162
Specific problems connected with the application of full-face
tunnelling machines in German coal mines
Loehr, P
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 I/2, P761-768. Publ New York:
A IME, 1983
Problems have been encountered in the use of full-face tunnel-
ling machines in German coal mines due to the difficult geology.
This includes a thick overburden strata and folded and highly
stressed hard coal-bearing formations. Some of the problems
solved include: ( 1) modification to the cutter head; (2) modifica-
tion of the cutter head shield to facilitate drivage work in
squeezing ground; (3) maintenance work on cutter head; (4) im-
proving ventilation in the cutter head and machine areas
because of the danger of methane gas emissions; and (5) the in-
fluence of ground support work on the advance rate.
851163
Tunnel boring in South African gold mines
Marlowe, A C; Littleford, I; Grun, M
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 V2, P769-801. Publ New York:
AIME, 1983
A Wirth tunnel borer has been extensively modified for use in
the hard quartzites of South African gold mines.
851164
Mechanical heading of the Waigau Headrace Tunnel in
Austria
Schneider, E
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 V2, P879-892. Publ New York:
AIME, 1983
Despite problems the 21.4km long water conducting Walgau
Tunnel in Austria was excavated at an average monthly advance
rate of 500 metres per heading. The geology and hydrogeology
were investigated and used to plan the tunnel alignment. The
tunnel boring machine was selected to cope with areas of hard
rock close to areas of very soft ground. Major problems encoun-
tered included the hitting of a fault zone, a zone of floating
ground, and a major water inflow.
851165
NATM usage in difficult ground conditions
Distelmeier, H
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 V2, P893-909. Publ New York:
AIME, 1983
The use of the N A T M in Germany has expanded to include
higher risk conditions and lower safety factors. When ex-
cavating in difficult soil conditions, the requirement that
ground stability is maintained and bearing capacity is not ex-
ceeded can be difficult to satisfy. Three case studies are used to
illustrate methods of making unstable soils carry a degree of
load.
851166
Hydraulically supported faces in coarse and loose soils
Anheuser, L
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 V2, P925-938. Publ New York:
AIME, 1983
The Hydroshield concept applies to the whole range of soft
ground from cohesive clay to the coarsest gravel strata.
Research confirms the possibility of stabilising the excavated
tunnel front by suitably composed slurries even in coarse
ground with extremely high permeability. The fluid filling
chamber reduces torque and friction on the soil, minimizing
shield-induced settlements to harmless values.
851167
Metropolitan Boston Transit Authority Red Line Project
Harvard Square to Porter Square Tunnels, Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts
Meyer, D F
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 V2, P941-951. Publ New York:
AIME, 1983
Excavation of the Havard Square to Porter Square metro tun-
nels included various excavation techniques: soft ground and
rock shafting, conventional rock tunnel excavation, full-face
soft ground tunnel excavation, and mixed soft ground tunnel
excavation.
851168
Milwaukee's North East Side Relief Sewer System
Budd, T H; Heinz, D H
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 F2, P952-961. Publ New York:
AIME. 1983
Excavation of the sewer system involved traversing widely
varying and complex geology, ranging from soft clays to full
face rock. TBM excavation was used for soft ground and mixed
face tunnelling. Groundwater conditions presented several
problems. The final tunnel lining consisted of a monolithic rein-
forced concrete lining.
851169
Estimating tunneling costs using an interactive computer model
Sharp, W R; Kennedy, E R; Little, W E
Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,
Chicago, 12-16 June 1983 V2, P1079-1094. Publ New York:
AIME, 1983
An interactive computer model has been developed by the Earth
Mechanics Institute, Colorado School of Mines, for use on a
microcomputer. Calculations are done in BASIC with interac-
tive graphics programs in F O R T R A N and assembler.