THE TEACHING PROFESSION Jovenita A.

Aragon EdD

Assignment #2

1. Browse the given website, then study the materials. Afterwards,

answer the questions that follow:
Philosophies of Education

https://www.slideshare.net/sherwinbalbuena/philosophies-of-education-35587809

Based on the material, be able to fill out the table on the five major Philosophies
of Education following this format:
 Philosophies What to What is the nature
Why teach? How to teach?
of Education teach? of the learner?
THE TEACHING PROFESSION Jovenita A. Aragon EdD
In order for Basic skills, Emphasis on Essentialists hope
learners to Fundamental mastery of that when students
acquire R’s(reading, subject. Teachers will also
basic skills ‘riting, are expected to have disciplined,
and values. ‘rithmetic, be intellectual practical minds,
right conduct), and moral capable of applying
and Traditional models of their lessons learned in
Essentialism
discipline(Mat students. school in the real
h, Natural world.
Science,
History,
Foreign
Language and
Literature)
Progressivist Need-based Experiential “Learning by doing.”
teachers and relevant methods, Progressivism lets
teach to curriculum, Problem-solving the students be
develop skills to cope methods/Scientifi involved and active
learners into change, and c methods, in learning and

Progressivis becoming Natural and Hands-on-mind- working to solve

m enlightened social sciences. on teaching problems.
and methodology,
intelligent thought-
citizens of a provoking games
democratic and puzzles.
society.

To develop Universal Teacher- Think deeply,

the perennialist centered. analytically, flexibly,
student’s curriculum, Teachers do not and imaginatively.
rational and humanities allow the
moral and general students’ interest
power. education, and or experiences to
Great books. substantially

Perennialism dictate what they

teach. They apply
THE TEACHING PROFESSION Jovenita A. Aragon EdD

2. Identify the philosophy where the given program/practice is anchored.

1. Back-to-the Basics movement

__Essentialism___________________________________________________

2. Conduct of National Achievement Test to test acquisition of

elementary/secondary learning competencies
___Essentialism_________________________________________________

3. Use of the Great Books

__Perennialism__________________________________________________

4. Use of rewards and incentives

_Behaviorism____________________________________________________

5. Use of simulation and problem-solving method

__Progressivism_________________________________________________

6. Learners learning at their own pace

_____Constructivism______________________________________________

7. Mastery of 3R’s- reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmetic

___Essentialism______________________________________________

8. The traditional approach of education

____Essentialism___________________________________________

9. Subject matter-centered teaching

__Perennialism________________
10. Student-centered teaching
THE TEACHING PROFESSION Jovenita A. Aragon EdD

_____Existentialism______________________
3. Research on the following philosophies and give the gist for each philosophy. Cite
thoughts which you agree and those which you disagree.

Thoughts Thoughts
Philosophy Gist which you which you
agree disagree

Christian Christian I always have a

education promotes education must high respect on
using knowledge to begin in the Christian
glorify God and to home, even Philosophy.
minister to others. while the child is There’s nothing I
Students should learn in the womb. disagree about it.
to obey and serve Children, As this
God more fully so that especially in the philosophy is
they may minister to most formative good for
others more years, need to be producing
1. Christian Philosophy effectively. Students positively disciplined,
must learn to walk in schooled in a loving and Christ-
the truth and through biblical world like students. I
faith manifest the view which can only disagree
fruit of the Spirit in insulates them if this becomes a
good works. from the ungodly mandated
influences of the concept or
world. subject in
schools. Because
not all learners
are Christians.
2. Confucianism The main idea of I agree on the I disagree on
Confucianism is the thought that some points
importance of having Confucianism because this
a good moral offers a logical religion
character, which can reason for why promotes
then affect the world individuals inequality as a
around that person should develop positive thing.
through the idea of their moral Also, because of
“cosmic harmony.” character and its conservatism,
inspire them to it idealizes the
do so. various cultural
Encourages tendencies that
education and influence things
good work-ethics like the
for the good. widespread
THE TEACHING PROFESSION Jovenita A. Aragon EdD

preference for
boys.
Freire believed I agree on his I disagree about
that knowledge and belief that the his oppression
culture is always classroom was a thoughts
changing. He calls this place where because it lack
historicity, the quality social change something, I read
of being historical could take place. that Freire has
beings. As humans we Freire, like also been
are always caught up Dewey, believed criticized by
in the process of that each feminists and
3. Paolo Freire’s becoming. Reality too student should others for failing
Philosophy is historical and play an active to take into
therefore always role in their own account the
becoming. learning, instead radical
of being the differences
passive between forms
recipients of of oppression, as
knowledge.  well as their
complex and
contradictory
instantiation in
subjects.
Rousseau s theory of I agree with his His view that
education emphasized thought that we man is good by
the importance of learn by doing, nature conflicts
expression to produce and that with the doctrine
4. Rousseau’s a well-balanced, education is the of original
Philosophy freethinking child.  process of sin thought by
guidance by the Christianity.
teacher, but it is
not instruction
by the teacher
Reconstructionist I agree with the Some criticize
educators focus on a great emphasis this philosophy
curriculum that of critical because they are
highlights social thinking and lacking any real
reform as the aim of moral reasoning. pragmatic
education. application or
5. Reconstructionism real-world
setting. And so, I
disagree on some
of its thoughts
especially
regarding the
application of
this philosophy.
THE TEACHING PROFESSION Jovenita A. Aragon EdD
THE TEACHING PROFESSION Jovenita A. Aragon EdD

4. What philosophies of education is the K to 12 anchored? Explain.

Reconstructionism is the philosophy that emphasizes the addressing of social

questions and a quest to create a better society. During the pandemic, it was evident
that the education sector gave important solutions in classrooms that addressed the
current social issue. It was then that modular learning, blended learning and online
learning were used. Constructivism was also used in K-12. K-12 is a spiral progression
in which learning progresses more and more as details are in introduced. There were
different activities where students can reflect on, discuss with their teachers and
peers the outcome, understand it and learn it. The K-12 curriculum aimed to real-
world experiences that are meaningful and relevant, therefore it is progressivist.