[Sesavali]

[winamdebare nawarmoebis mizani da meTodi]

bunebrivia warmodgena, rom sanam filosofiaSi TviT saqmes, saxeldobr, imis namdvil
Semecnebas SevudgebodeT, ra aris WeSmaritebaSi, saWiroa winaswar SevTanxmdeT Semecnebaze
rogorc iaraRze, romliTac absoluts veuflebiT, an rogorc im saSualebaze, romliTac mas ganvWvretTo. 1 es
sifrTxile gamarTlebuli Cans, nawilobriv imis gamo, rom Semecnebis sxvadasxva saxeoba arsebobs, da
maT Soris SeiZleba erTi meoreze ufro marjve iyos am saboloo miznis misaRwevad, da maSasadame
SesaZlebelia araswori arCevanic maT Soris, - nawilobriv ki imis gamoc, rom raki Semecneba
gansazRvruli saxeobisa da moculobis unaria, Tu zustad ar ganisazRvra misi buneba da sazRvrebi,
WeSmaritebis cis magier, cTomilebis Rrublebs daviWerTo. es sifrTxile iseT rwmenadac unda
gadaiqces, rom mTeli wamowyeba, romlis mizania Semecnebis saSualebiT cnobierebis monapovari
gaxdes is, rac aris TavisTavad, Tavis cnebaSi azris sawinaaRmdegoa, da Semecnebasa da absoluts Soris
ubralod maTi gamyofi sazRvari gadiso.2 radgan Tu Semecneba iaraRia absoluturi arsebis dasaufleblad,
maSinve TvalSi gecemaT is garemoeba, rom iaraRis ama Tu im nivTze gamoyeneba mas im saxiT ar
tovebs, rogorc is TavisTvis arsebobs, aramed iwyebs mis formirebasa da Secvlas. anda Semecneba Tu
ar aris Cveni moRvaweobis iaraRi, aramed erTgvari pasiuri mediumia, romlis gavliTac WeSmaritebis
Suqi Cvenamde aRwevs, maSinac am WeSmaritebas viRebT ara im saxiT, rogorc is arsebobs
TavisTavad, aramed rogorc aris am mediumis saSualebiT da am mediumSi; orive SemTxvevaSi iseT
saSualebas vxmarobT, romelic uSualod Tavisi miznis sawinaaRmdego rames qmnis; an iqneb sulac
uazrobaa, rom saerTod raRac saSualebas vxmarobT. marTalia, ase moCans, rom am naklsac eSveleba,
roca viciT am iaraRis moqmedebis wesi, radgan es codna SesaZlebels xdis, saboloo angariSiT
gamovakloT warmodgenaSi is nawili, romelic absoluturis Sesaxeb iaraRis wyalobiT miviReT da iaraRs
ekuTvnis, da amrigad WeSmarits wminda saxiT miviRebT. magram es Sesworeba sinamdvileSi iqve
dagvabrunebda, sadac amis win viyaviT Tu formirebul nivTs isev CamovacilebT imas, rac mas iaraRma
gaukeTa, maSin nivTi, - aq absoluti, - imadve darCeba, rac iyo manamde, am zedmet Sroma-garjamde.
Tu iaraRiT saerTod mxolod axlos unda movizidoT Cvensken absoluti, ise rom araferi ar unda
SevcvaloT masSi, rogorc webowasmuli joxiT frinvels mosweven xolme, maSin absoluti TavisTavad da
TavisTvis rom ar moxvdes an ar moisurvos moxvdes Cven xelSi, ra Tqma unda, am eSmakobas,

1
“filosofias sWirdeba mecniereba, romelic gansazRvravda yvela a priori Semecnebis SesaZleblobas, principebsa da
moculobas”, i.kanti wminda gonebis kritika B 6,gv.34. Tb.1979. mTarg S.papuaSvili.
hegeli: “kantis filosofias kritikuli filosofiac ewodeba, radgan misi mizania upirveles yovlisa, ambobs kanti, iyos igi
Semecnebis kritika; Semecnebis win saxeldobr saWiroa Semecnebis unaris gamokvleva saRi gansjisTvis es
misaRebi da raRac aRmoCena iyo misTvis. am dros Semecneba instrumentad warmoidgineba, rogorc raRac saxe da
wesi imisa, Tu rogor unda daveufloT WeSmaritebas; ase rom manam, sanam WeSmaritebasTan misvlas
SevZlebdeT, jer misi instrumentis buneba, moqmedeba unda SevimecnoTo. unda vnaxoT am instruments aqvs Tu
ara unari, Seasrulos is, rasac moiTxoven, swvdes sagans; unda vicodeT, ra icvleba saganSi, raTa es cvlilebani ar
avurioT TviT sagnis gansazRvrebebSi. es imas hgavs, TiTqos SeiZlebodes WeSmaritebaze SubebiTa da WokebiT
misvla. Semdeg amasTan moTxovna aseTia: unda gamovikvlioT Semecnebis unari manmade, vidre
SevimecnebdeT. magram rogor undaT Seimecnon, Tu ar Seimecneben, rogor surT WeSmaritis wvdoma
WeSmaritebamde, amaze araferia naTqvami. es im istorias mogvagonebs, erT sqolastiqosze rom hyvebian, romelsac
wyalSi Casvla manam ar surda, sanam curva ar SeZlo. amrigad, radgan TviT Semecnebis unari SemecnebiTia,
kantTan imas ver mivaRwevT, ris miRwevac mas surs, radgan TviT igi Semecnebaa, - ver miva Tavis TavTan,
imitom, rom igi Tavis TavTan aris; mas igive emarTeba, rac iudevelebs: goni maT Soris gadis da mas ver
amCneven. mainc didi da mniSvnelovania kantis mier gadadgmuli nabiji, rom Semecneba kvleva=Ziebisa da
ganxilvis sagnad aqcia” (15:503-504).
2
“Semecneba dgas absolutSi” (15:608)
dascinebda; radgan am SemTxvevaSi eSmakoba iqneboda Semecneba, raki mTeli Tavisi ZalRoniT
Seecdeboda ise moeCvenebina Tavi, TiTqos sxva rames akeTebdes da ara imas, rom warmoaCinos
uSualo da amiT, maSasadame, gaurjelad mimarTeba – urTierToba. xolo Tu Semecnebis cda, romelic
mediumad warmogvidgenia, gagvacnobs Tavisi sxivis gadatexvis kanons masSi, maSin isic arafers
gvargia, raki saboloo jamSi sxivis gadatexvas gamovricxavT; radgan sxivis gardatexva ki ar aris
Semecneba, aramed TviTon sxivia, romliTac WeSmariteba gvexeba Cven, xolo am Semecnebis
gamoricxva mxolod mimarTulebas anu cariel adgils aRniSnavda.
amasTan Tu Secdomis SiSi mecnierebisadmi undoblobas gulisxmobs, mecniereba ki amgvari
eWvebis gareSe TviT saqmes mimarTavs da namdvilad Seimecnebs kidevac, maSin gaugebaria, ratom
ar unda ganvimsWvaloT undoblobiT TviT am undoblobisadmi da ratom ar unda vifiqroT, rom es SiSi
SecdomaSi ar Cavvardeo, TviTon ukve Secdomaa. sinamdvileSi es SiSi gulisxmobs raRacas da
saxeldobr sxva rames, vidre WeSmaritebas, da Tavis eWvebsa da daskvnebs imaze amyarebs, rac Tavad
winaswar gamosarkvevia, WeSmaritia Tu ara igi. saxeldobr, is gulisxmobs warmodgenebs Semecnebaze
rogorc iaraRsa da mediumze, agreTve TviT Cvens gansxvavebas am Semecnebisagan, umTavresad ki
imas, TiTqos absoluti erT mxares idges, xolo Semecneba – meore mxares TavisTvis da absolutisagan,
magram mainc raRac realurisagan gaTiSulad, anu amiT is imas gulisxmobs, rom Semecneba romelic
absolutis, aseve WeSmaritebis gareSea, mainc WeSmaritia; es iseTi aRiarebaa, romlis wyalobiTAc is
rasac Secdomis SiSi hqvia, ufro WeSmaritebis SiSad unda miviCnioT.
es daskvna iqidan gamodis, rom mxolod absolutia WeSmariti, anu mxolod WeSmaritia
absoluturi. igi SeiZleba ukugdebuli iqnes im gansxvavebis meoxebiT, rom es Tu is Semecneba Tumca
ver Seimecnebs absoluts, rogorc mecnierebas surs, magram mainc WeSmaritic aris, da Semecnebas
saerTod Tundac ar SeeZlos absolutis wvdoma, mainc sxva WeSmaritebis unari SeiZleba hqondeso.
magram sabolood davinaxavT, rom aseTi waRma-ukuRma laparaki midis absoluturi WeSmaritisa da
sxva danarCeni WeSmaritis bundovan gansxvavebamde; absoluti, Semecneba, da ase Semdeg, iseTi
sityvebia da iseT mniSvnelobas gulisxmoben, rom jer kidev saWiroa manamde mivaRwioT.
nacvlad imisa, rom ar gamoekidon amisTana usargeblo warmodgenebsa da gamoTqmebs
Semecnebaze, rogorc absolutis wvdomis iaraRze, an rogorc mediumze. im Sualedur areze, amasTan Tu
Secdomis SiSi mecnierebisadmi undoblobas gulisxmobs, mecniereba ki amgvari eWvebis gareSe TviT
saqmes mimarTavs da namdvilad Seimecnebs kidevac, maSin gaugebaria, ratom ar unda
ganvimsWvaloT undoblobiT TviT am undoblobisadmi da ratom ar unda vifiqroT, rom es SiSi
SecdomaSi ar Cavvardeo, TviTon ukve Secdomaa. sinamdvileSi es SiSi gulisxmobs raRacas da
saxeldobr sxva rames, vidre WeSmaritebas, da Tavis eWvebsa da daskvnebs imaze amyarebs, rac Tavad
winaswar gamisarkvevia, WeSmaritia Tu ara igi. saxeldobr, is gulisxmobs warmodgenebs Semecnebaze
rogorc iaraRsa da mediumze, agreTve TviT Cvens gansxvavebas am Semecnebisagan, umTavresad ki
imas, TiTqos absoluti erT mxares idges, xolo Semecneba – meore mxares TavisTvis da absolutisagan,
magram mainc raRac realurisagan gaTiSulad, anu amiT is imas gulisxmobs, rom Semecneba, romelic
absolutis, aseve WeSmaritebis gareSea, mainc WeSmaritia; es iseTi aRiarebaa, romlis wyalobiTac is
rasac Secdomis SiSi hqvia, ufro WeSmaritebis SiSad unda miviCnioT.
es daskvna iqidan gamodis, rom mxolod absolutia WeSmariti, anu mxolod WeSmaritia
absoluturi. igi SeiZleba ukugdebuli iqnes im gansxvavebis meoxebiT, rom esa Tu is Semecneba Tumca
ver Seimecnebs absoluts, rogorc mecnierebas surs, magram mainc WeSmaritic aris, da Semecnebas
saerTod, Tundac ar SeeZlos absolutis wvdoma, mainc sxva WeSmaritebis unari SeiZleba romelSic
ganvWvretT WeSmaritebas da ase Semdeg, - damokidebulebebze, romlebic sabolood iseT
warmodgenebamde midian, Semecnebas rom absolutisagan TiSaven da absoluts Semecnebisagan, - imis
nacvlad rom ar moimizezon mecnierebis uZlureba, rac mxolod amgvar damokidebulebaTa winaswar
daSvebidan warmodgeba, imisaTvis, rom erTsa da imave dros mecnierebis jafisaganac ganTavisufldnen
da amasTan seriozuli da Tavdadebuli Sromis STabeWdilebac Seqmnan, - aseve imis nacvlad, rom ar
gaisarjon yvela amgvar rameebze pasuxis gacemiT, - SeiZleboda pirdapir Tavidan moeSorebinaT aseTi
SemTxveviTi da TviTneburi warmodgenebi da motyuebadac ki mieCniaT maTTan dakavSirebuli
sityvebis – absolutis, Semecnebis, agreTve obieqturisa da subieqturis da uamrav sxva ramis xmareba,
romelTa mniSvneloba, gulisxmoben, rom sayovelTaod cnobilia. radgan imis damowmeba, rom maTi
mniSvneloba erTi mxriv sayovelTaod cnobilia, meore mxriv, ki TviT maTi cnebac ki gaaCniaT, rogorc
Cans, ufro sababia mxolod, Tavi aaridon mTavar saqmes, saxeldobr, mogvcen es cneba. piriqiT, miT
ufro meti uflebiT SeeZloT Sroma daezogaT da yuradReba ar mieqciaT amgvari warmodgenebisa da
gamoTqmebisaTvis, riTac surT gaemijnon TviT mecnierebas, radgan isini Seadgenen codnis mxolod
cariel, fuW movlenas, romelic uSualod qreba, rogorc ki mecniereba gamova asparezze. magram imiT,
rom mecniereba asparezze gamodis, Tavad movlenaa. misi gamosvla jer kidev ar aris TviT igi mis
WeSmaritebaSi aRsrulebuli da gaSlili. amasTan sulerTia da ganurCeveli, warmoidgenT, rom igi
movlenaa, radgan is sxvis gverdiT gamodis, Tu im sxva araWeSmarit codnas mis gamovlenas uwodeb.
magram mecniereba unda ganTavisufldes am moCvenebisagan, da amas igi SeZlebs mxolod imiT, rom
mis winaaRmdeg gailaSqrebs. radgan mecnierebas arc is SeuZlia ubralod ukuagdos codna, romelic ar
aris WeSmariti, imis gamo, rom igi Cveulebrivi Sexedulebaa nivTebze, da irwmunebodes, rom is sul
sxva codnaa, Cveulebrivi codna ki misTvis sul araferia, arc is SeuZlia, rom TviT masSi raRac ukeTesis
winaTgrZnoba daimowmos.3 aseTi darwmunebiT is ganacxadebda, rom misi arsi misi Zalaa; magram
araWeSmariti codnac imas imowmebs, rom igi aris da irwmuneba, rom misTvis mecniereba araferia;
magram erT liton rwmunebas imdenive Zala aqvs, rac meores. miT ufro naklebad SeuZlia mecnierebas
ukeTesis winaTgrZnoba daimowmos, romelic ToTqos araWeSmarit SemecnebaSi arsebobs da TviT
masSi TiTqos mecnierebis miTiTeba iyos; radgan erTi mxriv igi kvlav daimowmebda raRac arss, meore
mxriv Tavis Tavs rogorc Tavisi arsebobis wess araWeSmarit SemecnebaSi, e.i. ufro Tavisi yofierebis
cud wess, da ufro ki Tavis movlenas, vidre imas, Tu rogoria igi Tavis Tavad da TavisTvis. amis
safuZvelze aq unda SevudgeT gamovlenadi codnis gadmocemas.
radgan am gadmocemas sagnad mxolod movlenadi codna aqvs, amitom ase Cans, TiTqos TviT
igi [es gadmocema] ar iyos Tavisufali, Tavis damaxasiaTebel formaSi moZravi mecniereba, aramed am
TvalsazrisiT igi SeiZleba aRebul iqnes rogorc gza bunebrivi cnobierebisa, romelic WeSmarit codnas
miaRwevs, an rogorc gza sulisa, romelic gaivlis Tavis saxeTwarmoqmnebis (formaTwarmoqmnebis
mTel rigs, rogorc misi bunebiT misTvis mikuTvnebul (winaswardasaxul) safexurebs (Stationen-
sadgurebs), raTa gonad ganiwmindos, roca igi Tavis Tavze sruli gamocdilebiT imis Semecnebas
miaRwevs, rac aris is TavisTavad.
bunebrivi cnobiereba mxolod codnis cneba an ara realuri codna aRmoCndeba. Mmagram
radganac is, piriqiT, Tavis Tavs uSualod Tvlis realur codnad, am gzas misTvis negatiuri mniSvneloba
aqvs, da misTvis ufro Tavisi Tavis danaklisad miiCnevs imas, rac cnebis realizebaa; rameTu am gzaze
is Tavis WeSmaritebas kargavs. amis gamo es gza SeiZleba CaiTvalos eWvis gzad, an sakuTriv
sasowarkveTilebis gzad;4 saxeldobr, am gzaze xdeba ara is, rac Cveulebrivad eWvis qveS esmiT: ama
Tu im navaraudevi WeSmaritebis Seryeva, rasac mosdevs eWvis kvlav gaqroba da imave
WeSmaritebasTan ukan dabruneba, ase rom bolos saqme miiReba iseve, rogorc uwin. aramed igi [gza]
aris cnobieri Cawvdoma im gamovlenadi codnis araWeSmaritebaSi, romlisTvisac [codnisTvis] TviT
yvelaze urealesi aris is, rac WeSmaritebaSi ufro ara realizebuli cnebaa mxolod. amitomac es Tavis Tavis
3
fixtes da Selingis meTodis kritika.
4
“yvelam unda cxadhyos herakliteseuli an skeptikuri [mosazreba], rom uZravi araferia” (hegeli, 15:621). “Tu ar
ganisazRvra skepticizmis WeSmariti damokidebuleba filosofiisadmi, Tu ar gavigebT imas, rom TviT skepticizmi
WeSmarit filisifiasTan uSinaganesad erTia da, maSasadame, arsebobs erTi filosofia, romelic arc skepticizmia da arc
dogmatizmi da, amrigad orive erTdroulad aris, skepticizmis yvela istoria, moTxroba da axali gamocemani
araframde miiyvanos” (hegeli 1802 wels, 16:84).
srulmrofi skepticizmi ar aris is, ris wyalobiTac seriozul gulmodginebas WeSmaritebisa da
mecnierebisadmi, SeiZleba, hgonia, rom igi ukve mzad aris da SeiaraRebulia saimisod, rom maT
daeuflos, saxeldobr im ganzraxviT, rom mecnierebaSi sxvaTa azrebis avtoritets ar miendos, aramed
yvelaferi TviTon Seamowmos da mxolod sakuTar darwmunebulobas misdios, anu ufro ukeTesad,
yvelaferi TviTon awarmoos da mxolod sakuTari moqmedeba miiCnios WeSmaritad. Tavisi
formaTaAwarmoqmnis mwkrivi, romelsac cnobiereba am gzaze gadis, piriqiT, TviT cnobierebis
mecnierebad qmnis (Camoyalibebis) dawvrilebiTi istoriaa. is ganzraxva warmoqmnasa da ganviTarebas
ganzraxvis martivi wesiT uSualod Sesrulebulad da momxdarad warmoidgens; magram es gza am
araWeSmaritebasTan SedarebiT namdvili Sesrulebaa. rasakvirvelia, sakuTari darwmunebulobisadmi
miyolva metia, vidre avtoritets mindoba; magram avtoritetze damyarebuli mosazrebis Sebruneba
sakuTar darwmunebulobaze damyarebul mosazrebad aucileblad rodi cvlis mis Sinaarssa da rodi
gamodis WeSmariteba Secdomis adgilas. mosazrebaTa da winasjaTa ( ) sistemaSi
sxvaTaAavtoritetebs dauWers mxars, Tu sakuTar darwmunebulobas, erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba
mxolod crumedidurobiT, rac ukanasknel wess axasiaTebs. piriqiT, gamovlenadi cnobierebis mTel
moculobaze mimarTuli skepticizmi gons mxolod unarians xdis gasinjos, gamoikvlios, ra aris
WeSmariteba, rameTu sasowarkveTileba Seaqvs egreTwodebul bunebriv warmodgenebSi, azrebsa da
mosazrebebSi, romlebiTac, sul erTia, sakuTars uwodeben Tu ucxos, jer kidev savse da damZimebulia
cnobiereba, pirdapir kvlevas rom Sesdgomia, magram amis gamo faqtiurad uunaroa saimisod, rom
Seasrulos is, rac wamouwyvia.
ara realuri cnobierebis formaTa ‘sisrule’ miiReba Semdgomi winsvlisa da urTierTkavSiris TviT
aucileblobis ZaliT. imisaTvis rom es gasagebi gaxdes, winaswar SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom
araWeSmariti cnobierebis gamoxatva da gadmocema mis uWeSmaritobaSi martooden negatiuri
moZraoba rodia.5 aseTi calmxrivi Sexeduleba masze aqvs bunebriv cnobierebas saerTod; da
codna,romelic am calmxrivobas Tavis arsebad xdis, arasruli cnobierebis erT=erTi saxea, TviTonve rom
CaerTvis am gzis winsvliT moZraobaSi da masSi warmogvidgeba. saxeldobr, es saxe skepticizmia,
romelic SedegSi, rezultatSi mudam mxolod wminda araraobas xedavs da ganeyeneba imas, rom es
araraoba garkveviT aris imis araraoba, saidanac igi gamoiyeneba [rogorc rezultati].6 oRond araraoba,
aRebuli rogorc araraoba imisa, saidanac is warmodgeba, faqtiurad [igi] aris namdvili rezultati [Sedegi];
maSasadame, amiT TviTon is romeliRac gansazRvruli, garkveuli Sedegia da aqvs raRac Sinaarsi.
skepticizms, romelic amTavrebs araraobis anu sicarielis abstraqciiT, ar SeuZlia am sicarieles gascdes,
aramed unda ucados, raime axali xom ar Cauvardeba xelT, raTaAisic im cariel ufskrulSi gadauZaxos.
rameTu, Sedegi, rezultati, rodesac gagebulia ise, rogorc is WeSmaritad aris, rogorc gansazRvruli
negacia,7 amiT uSualod romeliRac axali forma warmoiSva, xolo negaciaSi moxda gadasvla, riTac
TavisTavad miiReba winsvliTi moZraoba formaTa, saxeTaAsruli mwkrivis wyalobT (durch die
vollstanclige Reiche der Gestalten).
magram codnas iseve aucileblad esaxeba mizani rogorc Semdgomi winsvlis mwkrivi; igi
[mizani] aris iq, sadac codnas aRar sWirdeba Tavisi Tavis sazRvrebidan gavides, sadac codna Tavis
Tavs hpovebs da cneba sagans, sagani cnebas Seesatyviseba. am miznisaken winsvla amitom
SeuCerebelic aris da araviTar ufro adreul sadgurze ar hpovebs igi dakmayofilebas. rac bunebrivi
sicocxliT aris SezRuduli, mas Tavisi Tavis meoxebiT ar ZaluZs Tavisi uSualo munyofierebis farglebs
gascdes, magram sxvis saSualebiT ganidevneba, es amoglejva da gamoZeveba ki sikvdilia. magram
cnobiereba TavisTvis aris misi cneba, amiT uSualod ki SezRudulis farglebs gareT gasvla, da, raki mas
es SezRuduli ekuTvnis, agreTve Tavisi Tavis farglebs gareT gasvla; calkeuliT amave dros dadgenilia

5
gonebrivi uaryofa carieli uaryofa ki ar aris, aramed azrsavse gadasvla raimedan sxvaze.
6
raimes araraoba aris sxva, romelic raimes gamoricxavs garkveviT da amis gamo Tavad aris raime.
7
gansazRvruli uaryofa Sinaarssavse uaryofaa, romelSic raRac dadgindeba, e.i. xdeba sapirispiros dadgena.
miRmuroba (das Jenseits), Tundac, rogorc sivrciseul ganWvretaSi, mxolod SezRudulis gverdiT.
maSasadame, cnobiereba TviTonve ganicdis am Zalmomreobas, SezRuduli kmayofileba Tavad
waixdinos. am Zalmomreobis grZnobisas SiSs WeSmaritebis winaSe SeuZlia ukan midges, da ecados
SeinarCunos is, rasac dakargva emuqreba. magram mas ar SeuZlia simSvide hpovos, Tund isec iyos,
rom man uazro sizanteSi gaCereba moisurvos; azri daaWknobs, daauZlurebs uazrobas, da misi
mousvenroba arRvevs mis uZraobas; xolo Tu igi ganmtkicdeba rogorc mgrZnobeloba, romelic
irwmuneba, rom yvelaferi Tavis saxeobaSi kargad unda miviCnioT, es rwmuneba aseve ganicdis
Zalmomreobas gonebis mxriv, romelic swored imitom ar miiCnevs raRacas kargad, ramdenadac igi
raRac saxeobaa. – an WeSmaritebis SiSs SeuZlia Tavis Tavisa da sxvebis winaSe amoefaros
moCvenebas, TiTqos swored TviT WeSmaritebisaTvis mxurvale gulmodgineba misTvis imdenad
aZnelebs, SeuZlebelsac ki xdis, sxva ram WeSmariteba ipovos, garda erTaderTi crumedidurebis
WeSmaritebisa, raTaAmudam ufro Wkviani iyos yvela sakuTarsa Tu sxvis azrebze; es crumedidureba,
romelsac esmis yoveli WeSmaritebis gacrueba, da iqidan Tavis TavSi dabruneba da am Tavisi sakuTari
gansjiT tkbeba, romelmac icis yvela azris mudam gaxsna da yovelgvari Sinaarsis nacvlad mxolod
mSrali “mes” povna, iseTi dakmayofilebaa, Tavis Tavs rom unda miendos, radgan igi gaurbis zogads da
mxolod TavisTvis arss eZebs.
iseve rogorc winaswar da zogadad Semdgomi winsvlis wessa da aucileblobaze vTqviT, SeiZleba
sasargeblo iyos raRac gavixsenoT Sesrulebis meTodis Sesaxebac. es gadmocema, warmodgenili rogorc
mecnierebis damokidebuleba movlenadi codnisadmi da Semecnebis realobis gamokvleva da
Semowmeba, rogorc Cans, gverds ver auvlis raime wanamZRvars, romelic rogorc masStabi
(zomTsadari) safuZvlad daedeba. radgan Semowmeba imas niSnavs, rom raRac aRiarebul masStabs
miuyeneben da imis tolobasa Tu utolobaSi, rac mowmdeba, aris sakiTxis gadawyveta, sworia Tu ar aris
swori igi; xolo masStabi saerTod, da aseve mecniereba, is rom raRac masStabi iyos, amasTan
aRiarebulia rogorc arseba an rogorc TavisTavad (das Ansich). magram aq, sadac mecniereba pirvelad
gamodis, arc TviT mas da arc sxva rames, ara aqvs safuZveli da gamarTleba, Tavis Tavi miiCnios
arsebad an TavisTavad [arsad], uamisod ki SeuZlebelia Semowmebas adgili hqondes.
es winaaRmdegoba da misi mocileba ufro garkveviT miiReba, Tu gavixsenebT upirvelesad
codnis da WeSmaritebis abstraqtul gansazRvrebebs im saxiT, rogorc isini cnobierebaSi gvxvdebian. es
cnobiereba Tavisi Tavisagan ganasxvavebs saxeldobr raRacas, razec imave dros aqvs mimarTeba; anu
rogorc gamoiTqmeba: igi misTvis (cnobierebisaTvis) aris raRac; da am mimarTebis anu raRacis arsis
garkveuli mxare romeliRac cnobierebisaTvis aris codna. magram am sxvisTvis=yofierebisagan (
), gansxvavebiT TavisTavad=arss; is, rac codnazea mimarTuli, aseve gansxvavebulia
misgan, da dadgindeba rogorc ‘myofi, arsebuli’ am mimartebis gareSec; am Tavis Tavadis mxares
ewodeba WeSmariteba. Rac Seexeba sakuTriv am gansazRvrebebs, aq Cven mas aRar ganvixilavT,
radganac raki gamovlenadi codna Cveni sagania, misi gansazRvrebebic miiReba upirvelesad ise, rogorc
isini uSualod mogvecema; da im gvarad, rogorc isini gagebulia, naTlad Cans, rom isini mocemulia.
Tu axla vikvlevT codnis WeSmaritebas, Cans, rom vikvlevT imas, Tu ra aris es TavisTavad.
magram am kvlevaSi igi Cveni sagania, igi aris ‘CvenTvis’; da misi ‘TavisTavad’, romelic miiReboda,
ufro iqneboda misi arsi ‘CvenTvis’; rasac Cven mis arsebad davamtkicebdiT, ufro iqneboda ara misi
WeSmariteba, aramed mxolod Cveni codna masze. Arseba Tu masStabi CvenSi iqneboda da imas, rac
mas unda Seedaros, da razec am SedarebiT gadawyvetileba unda miRebuli iyo aucilebeli ar iqneboda igi
eRiarebina.
magram im sagnis buneba, Cven rom vikvlevT, gvixsnis am gaTiSvisagan an gaTiSvisa da
wanamZRvaris am moCvenebisagan. cnobiereba Tavis TavSive gvaZlevs Tavis masStabs, da
gamokvleva amiT iqneba Tavis TavTan Sedareba, radgan gansxvaveba, axlaxan rom moxda, masSi
xdeba. masSi [cnobierebaSi] erTi aris romeliRac ‘sxvisTvis’ anu saerTod mas aqvs codnis momentis
gansazRvreba masSi; amave dros misTvis es sxva aris ara marto ‘misTvis’, aramed agreTve am
mimarTebis gareSec anu ‘TavisTavad’: - es WeSmaritebis momentia.8 maSasadame, imaSi, rasac
cnobiereba Tavis SigniT ‘TavisTavad’ an ‘WeSmaritad’ acxadebs, Cven gvaqvs masStabi, romelsac
TviTonve daadgens, Tavisi codna miT gazomos. Tu ‘codnas’ vuwodebT ‘cnebas’, xolo arsebas an
WeSmarits myofs, arsebuls an sagans, maSin Semowmebam unda gamoarkvios, Seesabameba Tu ara
cneba sagans. magram Tu arsebas anu sagnis TavisTavads vuwodebT cnebas, da piriqiT, sagnad
gavigebT cnebas rogorc sagans, saxeldobr ise, rogorc igi romelime sxvisTvis aris, maSin Semowmebam
unda gamoarkvios Seesabameba Tu ara sagani Tavis cnebas; kargad vxedavT, rom orive erTi da igivea;
magram arsebiT is aris, da mas mTeli gamokvlevis manZilze mtkiced unda mivdioT, rom es orive
momenti, ‘cneba’ da ‘sagani’, ‘romelime sxvisTvis arsi’ da ‘TviT TavisTavad arsi’, TviT im codnaSi
Sedian, Cven rom vikvlevT, da, maSasadame, Cven ar gvWirdeba masStabebi Tan moviyolioT da
gamokvlevaSi Cveni azrebi da gamonagoni gamoviyenoT; imiT, rom Cven maT moviSorebT, imas
mivaRwevT,rom saqmis arss ganvixilavT ise, rogorc aris igi TavisTavad da TavisTvis.
magram raime damateba Cvengan, zedmetia ara marto im mxriv, rom cneba da sagani, masStabi
da Sesamowmebeli TviT cnobierebaSia, aramed Cven orives Sedarebisa da sakuTriv ‘Semowmebis’
Sroma-garjisaganac Tavs viTavisuflebT, ise rom cnobiereba TviTon amowmebs Tavis Tavs da am
mxriv Cven mxolod Tvalyuris devneba gvrCeba. radgan cnobiereba erTi mxriv aris sagnis cnobiereba,
meore mxriv, Tavis Tavis cnobiereba, cnobiereba imisa, rac misTvis WeSmaritia, da cnobiereba Tavisi
codnisa mis Sesaxeb. raki orive ‘erTi da imave’ [cnobierebisaTvis] aris, Tavad is maTi Sedarebaa; ‘erTi
da imave’ [cnobierebisaTvis] gairkveva, misi codna sagnis Sesaxeb Seesabameba Tu ara am
ukanasknels. marTalia, sagani erTsa da imave [cnobierebas] evlineba mxolod iseTad, rogoradac man is
icis; ase Cans, TiTqos mas ar SeeZlos imis gageba, Tu rogoria sagani ‘ara erTi da imave’
[cnobierebisaTvis], aramed ‘TavisTavad’, da, maSasadame, TiTqos ar SeeZlos agreTve Tavisi codnis
Semowmeba masze. magram swored imiT, rom man [cnobierebam] saerTod icis sagnis Sesaxeb, ukve
arsebobs gansxvaveba, rom misTvis raRaca aris ‘TavisTavad’ [arsi], xolo romeliRac meore momenti
aris codna anu yofiereba, arsi sagnisa ‘cnobierebisaTvis’. am gansxvavebaze, romelic Tvalwin aris,
damyarebulia Semowmeba. Tu am SedarebaSi es ori [mxare] erTmaneTs ar Seesabameba, maSin,
rogorc Cans, cnobierebam unda Secvalos Tavisi codna, raTa es ukanasknelni sagnis Sesabamisi
gaxados; magram codnis SecvlaSi misTvis icvleba faqtiurad agreTve TviT saganic, rameTu mocemuli
codna arsebiTad iyo codna sagnis Sesaxeb; codnasTan erTad isic [saganic] agreTve sxvad iqceva,
radgan igi [sagani] arsebiTad am codnas ekuTvnoda. amiT, maSasadame, cnobierebisaTvis gairkveva,
rom is rac misTvis adre iyo ‘TavisTavad’ [arsi], ar aris TavisTavad, anda rom is mxolod ‘misTvis’
[cnobierebisaTvis] iyo TavisTavad. amrigad, raki igi dainaxavs, rom misi codna ar Seesabameba mis
sagans, maSin TviT saganic aRar rCeba imad [rac iyo]. anu Semowmebis masStabic icvleba, raki is, ris
masStabic igi unda iyos, Semowmebas ver uZlebs; da Semowmeba aris ara mxolod codnis Semowmeba,
aramed agreTve Tavisi masStabis Semowmebac.
es dialeqtikuri moZraoba, romelsac asrulebs cnobiereba TviT Tavis TavSi, rogorc Tavis codnis,
ise Tavisi sagnis mimarT, ramdenadac misTvis aqedan axali WeSmariti sagani warmoiSoba, aris
sakuTriv is, rasac ‘gamocdileba’ (Erfahrung) ewodeba. am mimarTebiT axlaxan naxseneb procesSi
unda win wamovwioT erTi momenti, riTac Semdgomi gadmocemis mecnierul mxares axali Suqi
moefineba. cnobierebam icis ‘raRac’: es sagani aris arseba anu ‘TavisTavad’ [arsi]; magram igi [sagani]
cnobierebisaTvisac aris ‘TavisTavad’ [arsi]: amiT Tavs iCens am WeSmaritis ormniSvnelovaneba.
Cven vxedavT, rom cnobierebas axla ori sagani aqvs: erTia – pirveli ‘TavisTavad’, meorea – ‘am
TavisTavadis arsi cnobierebisaTvis’. es ukanaskneli [meore sagani] upirvelesad mxolod cnobierebis
Tavis TavSi refleqsiad Cans, warmodgena, ara romelime sagnisa, aramed mxolod cnobierebis codnisa
8
WeSmariteba Tavis Tavs Tavad momentad gaixdis, sasrulad aqcevs, romelic “mudam warmavalia”
im pirvel saganze. magram rogorc ukve aRniSnuli iyo, am dros cnobierebisaTvis icvleba pirveli sagani:
igi Sewyvets TavisTavad yofnas, da misTvis [cnobierebisaTvis] iqceva imad, romelic mxolod ‘misTvis’
[cnobierebisaTvis] aris ‘TavisTavad’ [arsi]. magram amiT maSin es aris ‘am TavisTavadis arsi
cnobierebisaTvis’, WeSmariti; es ki imas niSnavs, rom es aris arseba an misi [cnobierebis] sagani. es
axali sagani pirvelis araraisobis, umniSvnelobis Semcvelia; igi mis Sesaxeb Sedgenili gamocdilebaa.
gamocdilebis procesis am gadmocemaSi aris erTi momenti, riTac igi, ase Cans, TiTqos ar
eTanxmebodes imas, rac Cveulebrivad gamocdilebad esmiT xolme. saxeldobr, gadasvla pirveli sagnidan
da misi codnidan meore saganze, romlis mimarT amboben, rom gamocdileba Sesruldao, ise iqna
gagebuli, rom codna pirveli sagnis Sesaxeb, anu is, rac aris pirveli TavisTavadis ‘cnobierebisaTvis’
TviT unda iqces meore sagnad. Amis sapirispirod Cveulebrivad ase Cans, rom Cven SevidgenT
gamocdilebas Cveni pirveli cnebis uWeSmaritobis Sesaxeb romeliRac sxva saganze, romelsac SeiZleba
iTqvas Cven SemTxveviTa da garegnulad vawydebiT, ase rom saerTod Cven gvrCeba mxolod wminda
gageba imisa, rac TavisTavad da TavisTvis aris. magram aRniSnuli Sexedulebebis Tanaxmad, axali
sagani Cndeba rogorc TviTon ‘cnobierebis Sebrunebis’ (Unkehrung)
(des Bonoubtseuns) wyalobiT qmnili.9 saqmis es ganxilva Cveni danarTia, romliTac cnobierebis
gamocdilebaTa mwkrivi mecnierul procesamde amaRldeba, da romelic ar aris im cnobierebisaTvis,
Cven rom vixilavT. magram faqtiurad aq igive viTarebaa, ris Sesaxebac zemoT ukve laparaki iyo
skepticizmisadmi am gadmocemis damokidebulebis gamo, saxeldobr, yovelgvari rezultati romelic ara
WeSmariti codnis Sedegad miiReba, ar unda mivides cariel araraobamde, aramed aucileblad gagebuli
unda iqnes rogorc imis araraoba, ris Sedegic is aris, Sedegi, romelic Seicavs imas, rac WeSmaritia
winamorbed codnaSi. aq es warmodgeba ase: raki is, rac pirvelad sagnad gvevlineboda,
cnobierebisaTvis daqveiTebulia codnamde mis Sesaxeb da ‘TavisTavadi’ iqceva cnobierebisaTvis am
TavisTavadis arsad, maSin es axali sagania, romelTan erTadac gamodis agreTve cnobierebis axali saxe,
axali forma, romlisTvisac arseba sxva raRac aris, vidre winamorbedisaTvis. es is garemoeba aris, rom
warmarTavs cnobierebis formaTa mTel Tanamimdevrobas mis aucileblobaSi. Mxolod TviT es
aucilebloba anu axali sagnis warmoSoba, cnobierebas rom warmoudgeba, oRond ise, rom ar icis, rogor
xdeba es, aris is, rac sruldeba TiTqos mis [cnobierebis] zurgs ukan. amitom cnobierebis moZraobaSi
Sedis momenti ‘TavisTavad an CvenTvis arsisa’, romelic ar warmodgeba im cnobierebisaTvis, Tavad
gamocdilebaSi rom aris Cabmuli; magram Sinaarsi imisa, rac Cvens winaSe warmoiSoba,
cnobierebisaTvis (fur es) aris, da Cven SevimecnebT mxolod mis formalur mxares an mis wminda
warmoSobas; cnobierebisaTvis (fur es) es warmoSobili aris mxolod rogorc sagani, ‘CvenTvis’ imave
dros rogorc moZraoba da qmnadoba.
am aucileblobis wyalobiT es gza mecnierebisaken Tavad ukve mecnierebaa, da amiT Tavis
Sinaarsis Tanaxmad mecniereba cnobierebis gamocdilebis Sesaxeb.
gamocdilebas, romelsac cnobiereba Tavis Tavis Sesaxeb asrulebs, Tavisi cnebis Tanaxmad
SeuZlia Tavis TavSi mTlianad moicavs cnobierebis mTeli sistema, anu gonis WeSmaritebis mTeli
samefo, ase rom am WeSmaritebis momentebi warmodgebian am gansakuTrebul gansazRvrulobaSi, ara
rogorc abstraqtuli, wminda momentebi, aramed ise rogorc arian isini cnobierebisaTvis, an rogorc TviT
cnobiereba gamodis maTdami mimarTebaSi, riTac mTelis momentebi cnobierebis formebi arian.
cnobiereba Tavisi WeSmaritebisaken rom miiswrafvis, igi miaRwevs im wertils, sadac cnobiereba
moicilebs im moCvenebas, TiTqos igi damZimebuli iyos raRac ucxo saxeobrivisagan, ucxo
gvareobrivisagan, rac mxolod misTvis aris da aris rogorc raRac sxva, an sadac movlena arsebis toli,
Tanabari xdeba, amiT misi gamoxatva emTxveva gonis gansakuTrebuli mecnierebis am punqts, da
bolos, cnobiereba Tavad swvdeba am Tavis arsebas da TviTon gamoxatavs TviT absoluturi codnis
bunebas.
9
uaryofa aris gadasvla sxvaze, rogorc Sebruneba da dapirispireba; cnobierebis negatiuroba absoluturia.