Introduction

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only planet known to harbor life. It is a complex and
dynamic system, with a rich history of geological, biological, and atmospheric processes. In this
paper, we will discuss Earth's composition, structure, and the processes that occur on its surface
and in its environment.

Composition

Earth is a terrestrial planet, composed mainly of silicate rock and metal. The planet's composition is
similar to that of the Moon and other rocky planets in the Solar System. However, Earth has a
unique feature, which is the presence of liquid water on its surface, making it the only known planet
with an active hydrosphere.

Structure

Earth has a layered structure, with a core, mantle, and crust. The core is composed of iron and
nickel and is divided into an inner solid core and an outer liquid core. The mantle is composed of
silicate rock and is divided into several layers, including the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and
mesosphere. The crust is the outermost layer and is composed of a variety of rock types, including
granite and basalt.

Processes

Earth is a dynamic planet, with a range of geological, biological, and atmospheric processes that
shape its surface and environment. Plate tectonics is one of the most significant geological
processes on Earth, with the movement of tectonic plates driving earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
and the formation of mountain ranges.

The biosphere, which includes all living organisms on Earth, plays a critical role in maintaining the
planet's environment. Plants, for example, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during
photosynthesis, helping to regulate the planet's climate. The atmosphere, which is composed
mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, also plays a critical role in regulating Earth's temperature, protecting
the planet from harmful solar radiation, and providing the necessary conditions for life.

Conclusion

Earth is a unique and complex planet, with a rich history of geological, biological, and atmospheric
processes. Its study has provided valuable insights into the evolution of planets and the origins of
life in the Universe. Understanding Earth's composition, structure, and processes is essential for
predicting and mitigating the impacts of natural disasters, such as earthquakes and climate change.
The study of Earth will continue to be a vital area of research in planetary science and
environmental science.