Effects of Online Learning

Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

Basa Palmayo Campus, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Institute of Engineering and Technology
EFFECTS OF ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
A thesis Presented to
The Faculty of the

Basa Air Base Campus, Floridablanca Pampanga
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology
ANGELES, BRANDO
CALLEJO, KURT ROLLENS R.
DEL CASTILLO, GLEN
DUCUS, KEVIN CARLO E.
TAN, CLARK KENT
i
APPROVAL SHEET
THIS UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ENTITLED EFFECTS OF

ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN
GENERALMATHEMATICSPREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY BRANDO
ANGELES, KURT ROLLENS CALLEJO, GLEN DEL CASTILLO, KEVIN
CARLO DUCUS, AND CLARK KENT TAN IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY HAD BEEN REVIEWED BY
THE UNDERSIGNED AND READY FOR FINAL DEFENSE.
ENGR. RAYMOND NIÑO T. MIRANDA

ADVISER
______________________________________________________________
APPROVED BY THE RESEARCH PANEL OF EXAMINERS WITH A

GRADE OF _____
PROF. FELIX L. ALEGADO MR.JEFFERSON C. CLARIZA, MEAM

MEMBER MEMBER
ENGR. JUSTINE S. ROMAN

CHAIRMAN
______________________________________________________________
ACCEPTED AND APPROVED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY.
ASST. PROF. KEVIN C. VALENZUELA, MEAM

COORDINATOR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers express their sincerest gratitude for the unwavering
support and assistance provided by their thesis adviser, Engr. Raymond Niño
T. Miranda, and thesis professor, Ma’am Ludivina Cunanan, together with
every panel member and validator who had invested time and patience for the
betterment of this paper. Without these professionals’ guidance and insightful
comments and suggestions, it could not have been possible for the
researchers to accomplish a successful study like this.
The researchers will be forever indebted to the participants for
agreeing to share their perceptions. Their cooperation and testimonies are an
outstanding contribution and the core foundation of this study.
To their parents, who never doubted but instead unceasingly supported
the researchers on their financial and moral needs; to their peers, whose
mere presence became the researchers’ source of encouragement and
enthusiasm; to God, who gave the investigators strength and abilities, the
researchers genuinely thank everyone for making this thesis a meaningful
experience.
The Researchers
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ABSTRACT
The impact of the global pandemic has reached the educational aspect
of every country, leading to alternative learning modalities such as the
distanced online learning. In accordance to quarantine restrictions due to the
pandemic, the students continued their studies virtually at the comforts of their
homes. The students faced many challenges regarding this new online
learning setup, but in order to continue their studies, they had to adapt. This
qualitative study used the Narrative Research Design the effects of online
learning to the general mathematics performance of students. The
researchers conducted a semi-structured interview with 15 participants from
PHILSCA Major in Aircraft Maintenance Technology, specifically 5
participants from 2nd Year to 4th Year students. Using Thematic Analysis, the
researchers found that participants prefer the traditional face to face classes
over online classes. The participants expressed difficulties in online learning
while the majority’s general mathematics performance was affected. One of
the prevalent challenges cited by the participants is the internet connectivity.
The lack of interaction, noises and distractions, and complacency are also
mentioned. Nevertheless, the participants employed strategies of their own to
counter these challenges, such as watching educational videos, group
reviews. These strategies were proven effective by the participants. However,
one of their recommendations is a recorded discussion, and as for fellow
students, to help each other. In conclusion, online learning has no significant
effects on the students’ general mathematics performance. The students
followed through though the subject was detrimental to their chosen
profession.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page………….………………………………………..…………………. i
Approval Sheet………………………………………..…………….…………ii
Acknowledgement………………..…………….…………………..….……...iii
Abstract……………………………………..…………..…….……..….……...iv
Chapter I: The Problem and Its Settings

Introduction……………………..………………………….…….….1
Background of the Study ……………………………..……..…….4
Statement of the Problem……………………………………..…...5
Hypothesis………………………………………………………...…6
Significance of the Study….……………………….………...…….6
Scope and Limitation Study……………………………….……….7
Conceptual Framework…………………………..………………...7
Definition of Terms……………………………………...................10
Chapter II: Materials and Methods

Research Design………………………………………………….....11
Participants of the Study……………………………………………12
Data Gathering Instrument………………………………..…….....12
Validation of Instrument……………………………..……………...12
Data Analysis………………………………………………………...13
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………….....13
Chapter III: Results and Discussions…………………………………...15
Chapter IV: Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

Summary of Findings………………………………………………..51
Conclusions……………………………..……………………..……..53
Recommendations…………………………………………….……..54
References………..………………………………………....……………...55
Appendices………………………………………………………………….58
Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………70
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FIGURES
Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study…………………………….…………..8
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX PAGE
APPENDIX A Request Letter for Conducting Survey…....58

APPENDIX B Interview Questionnaire……………..……....60
APPENDIX C Validation Instrument…………………...……61
APPENDIX D Curriculum Vitae………………...…………….70
APPENDIX E Tables of Coding………………………...…….75
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS
INTRODUCTION
In 2020, COVID-19’s impact had influenced almost every aspect of life,

but teaching and learning were both affected. The COVID-19 pandemic
effects altered the modality of teaching and learning education environment
globally. In response to the pandemic, higher education institutions came up
with altered teaching modalities that fall into one of the three groups. (Hodges,
Moore, Lockee, Trust, & Bond, 2020; Smalley, 2020): The application of social
distancing by maintaining in-person classes applications, Developing hybrid
models of teaching (Limiting the number of students that can access campus,
The use of blended learning), and lastly the use of online concepts for the
learning of the students to carry out their studies at home. Countrywide
lockdowns are applied, and attending classes at home became a norm, with
some courses switching entirely to online instruction or online-based learning
(Davies, 2020). In most countries worldwide, in a matter of nearly two months,
educational institutions have been temporarily closed due to the precautionary
measures for stopping the spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic (UNESCO
2020). These lockdowns have greatly impacted more than 1.2 billion students.
In the Philippines, over 28 million students are affected.
In response to quarantines and lockdowns, several nations have come

the encouragement teachers and students to learn, study, and work on a
home basis which is a way of online learning platforms (Crawford et al.,
2020). Remote online learning, which blends synchronous and asynchronous
activities, has been adapted by DLSU. (De La Salle University, 2020).
Online learning or E-learning occurs via Powerpoint presentations,

videos, and other digital media. Interactive images and group collaboration
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might improve the standard of teaching and learning (Islam, Beer, and Slack,
2015).
E-learning enables the reduced cost of education while enhancing the
quality of giving instruction and learning (Songkram, 2015). In addition, online
learning may provide students with the benefit of free time to engage in other
activities (Aparicio, Bacao, and 2016 Olivier). The flexibility of online learning,
allows the students to attend sessions of classes wherever they are
(Songkram et al., 2015)To ability to understand, solve models, design
mathematical models, and interpret the models obtained is one of the
objectives in learning mathematics (Wardhani, 2008).
In the Philippines, the challenges of online classes study revealed a
conflict regarding the strength of internet connections among Filipino students
(Santos, 2020). Due to the circumstances caused by the pandemic, all
educational institutions resorted to distanced learning, considering the factors
of weak internet connections increasing weak internet consumption, thus,
hindering students from effective online learning. For instance, a cross-
sectional study conducted in the country dealing a report of survey findings
that shows a struggle among Filipino students adjusting or adapting to new
learning methods and the lack of access to reliable internet respectively
access (Baticulonetal., 2020).
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Lack of technological knowledge and lack of ability to engage in digital
learning also creates a ripple towards effective communication with teachers it
is one of the significant effects of online learning (Zhong, 2020). The absence
of directly socializing with other students and friends often lacking in the digital
learning modality of the real-time exchanging of knowledge, information, and
ideas (Britt, 2006). A reduction in academic performance and lack of student
engagement has been linked to poor performance in both online and in-
person courses. There must be engagement in which learning methods and
the effectiveness of faculty and student interactions elements must have a
strong correlation (Dumford& Miller, 2018).
In mathematics performance, students believe that they will perform
worse in arithmetic in an online course than in a face-to-face setting,
according to student perception before their grades. At the end of the
semester this apparent academic achievement may be a result of the new
learning environment unfamiliarity (Daniel, 2020; Fabito et al., 2021; Murphy,
2020) and they may feel it undesirable (Aguilera-Hermida, 2020) four learning
strategies are effective to online mathematics grade achievement they are the
motivation, concentration, information processing, and self-testing
(Wadsworth, 2007).
Most students struggle and find mathematics a hard and vexing
subject, especially those in the field of mathematical subfields. In General
information, any Field of profession can benefit from math. In aviation, in
3
particular, math can explain measurement, space, and numbers may be
explained which are
crucial when flying an aircraft. Math may assist in data analysis, calculating
rational decisions, and problem-solving for a predicted outcome. This
research focused on general mathematics teaching Aircraft Maintenance
Technology students at the Philippine State College of Aeronautics. This
study seeks to know the effects of Online Learning on Students' performance
in general mathematics teaching and learning approaches in online classes.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Mathematics is a common subject that has been taught ever
since, from basics like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. This
subject is one of the major subjects in school no matter what year level
students are because mathematics is applicable in everyday living, the reason
why it is taught to children while they are young.
Everywhere use mathematics daily like buying food, computing the
time, computing your allowance, etc. A student's confidence in learning
mathematics is always based on how he or she will be able to cope and follow
through with the topics that will be discussed with them by their teachers or
professors. Students that engage their selves in learning mathematics tend to
learn more and expand their knowledge on how applicable mathematics is in
real life; but of course, not everyone is able to understand it right away when it
4
is discussed and sometimes because of the fact that some students cannot
understand the topic, they lose their confidence and tend to fail the subject.
One of the important subjects that need to be learned by aviation

students, in general, is mathematics. It does not only help the students in their
daily lives, but it is also important because it is useful when they are in the
aviation field in the future. Learning general mathematics is tricky and
sometimes hard for some students especially when the problems given are
difficult. Following the instructions of your professor is not the only way how a
student can keep up with the topic or subject.
This study aims to recognize the ways, how students cope with the
topics of general mathematics while still in online learning. It also aims to
know how the coping techniques of the students will be applied in face-to-face
classes.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to identify the effects of online learning on the

student’s performance in general mathematics, specifically the Aircraft
Maintenance Technology Students of the Philippine State College of
Aeronautics Basa, Palmayo Campus. It aims to answer the following:
1. What are the effects, of Online Learning on students’ performance in
general mathematics?
2. What are the challenges encountered, by the participants in learning
general mathematics online?
3. What course of action that Aircraft Maintenance Technology students do, to
cope with general mathematics despite the effects?
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4. How can this study help the future Aircraft Maintenance Technology
students of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics?
HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant relationship between Aircraft Maintenance

Technology students’ mathematics performance and online learning.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study may help to provide benefits for the following;
STUDENTS. The result of this study can be useful for the students to guide
them on how to perform better, in general mathematics with the help of
technology and the internet. This integration of technology and the internet in
the teaching and learning process of General mathematics can have an
impact that will lead, to the betterment of the student's performance in this
subject. In addition, this study can provide another opportunity to help the
students improve their skills in learning the subject.
TEACHERS. The findings of this study may help the teachers to widen the
horizon of teaching approaches, methods, strategies, and techniques applied
in teaching general mathematics and are able to supply all the needs of the
students. Furthermore, distanced learning like online learning can be crucial
on the part of the students especially if they are not well guided by the
teacher. Thus, this study pave way to understand the situation of online
learning affecting the performance of the students, in general mathematics
and be able to adjust the different teaching styles to cope with the new
teaching and learning process.
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SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS. This study can be helpful to the school

administrators to identify the needs of the students in the subject of general
mathematics so they can identify resource speakers that can be suited to the
position and provide meaningful learning in this subject.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The findings of this study can be used as a

reference for future research related to the effect of online learning on
students' performance in general mathematics. Also, this study is open for
Further research to go and arrive at an extensive result that can be useful to
every student, teacher, school administrator, and researcher.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION STUDY
This research assessed how online learning affects students'

performance in general mathematics in the field of aviation, specifically from
the 2nd year students, 3rd year students, and 4th year students, wherein we
choose 5 students per year.
Determining the factors affecting of effects of online learning on

students' performance in General Mathematics in other courses like Aircraft
Maintenance Technology was the focus of this research at Philippine State
College of Aeronautics. The information needed will be gathered using the
semi-structured guide questions. All information and conclusions drawn from
this task were obtained only from participants qualified with the criteria, the
researchers provided.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1 shows the description of how the present study, was

constructed. The Main basis of the conceptual framework utilized is the IPO
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Model which is the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT. The researchers adopted the

concept to gain a better understanding of the carried out research.
The input consists of the variables from the statement of the problem
and these variables are the following; (1) what are the effects of Online
Learning on students’ performance in general mathematics? (2) What are the
challenges encountered by the participants in learning general mathematics

online? (3)What course of action can Aircraft Maintenance Technology
students will do to cope with general mathematics in spite of the effects? (4)
How can this study help the future Aircraft Maintenance Technology students
of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics?
Throughout the course of the process, data was compiled through the
utilization of online questionnaires as well as interviews. By getting
information from different sources, the researchers can validate and cross-
check their findings.
The final step needed in the study is the output. The output contains
the results and findings from the input and process. It consists of evaluations
and recommendations that the researchers will recommend to the students
that will impact their performance in online learning.
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Input Process Output
1. What are the 1. Data Gathering 1. Analysis of data

effects of Online
Learning on students’ 2. Administration collected to
performance in
general mathematics?
and retrieval of determine the
interview advantages and
2. What are the
challenges questionnaire disadvantages of
encountered by the
participants in 3. Validation online learning.
learning general 4. Evaluation
mathematics online?
2.
3. What course of
action can Aircraft Recommendation
Maintenance
Technology students
on how Aircraft
will do to cope with Maintenance
general mathematics
despite the effects? Technology
4. How can this study students should

help the future Aircraft deal with the
Maintenance
Technology students demands of online
of the Philippine State
College of learning, despite
Aeronautics?
the positive and
negative effects.
Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Aviation - is the activity related to airplane manufacturing and mechanical

flight.
Academic Performance - is a way to gauge students' progress in all
academic subjects.
Aircraft Maintenance - is the execution of duties necessary to maintain an
aircraft's airworthiness, such as overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect
correction, and the incorporation of modifications, in accordance with
airworthiness requirements.
COVID 19 - is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Digital Learning - is any form of education that incorporates technology into
the learning process or instructional strategies. It includes the use of a variety
of techniques, such as blended learning and online education.
Mathematics - is a study of numbers and operations, generalizations,
combinations, and a structure of configurations.
Online Learning - refers to a learning environment that manages academic
programs and delivers synchronous and asynchronous instruction using the
Internet and other technology technologies.
Pandemic - is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease that affects a
significant number of people and has spread to several different continents or
the entire planet.
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Technological Knowledge - This explains teachers' familiarity with and

proficiency with a range of technologies, technical tools, and related
resources.
CHAPTER II
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This chapter aims to introduce and explain the methods and

procedures used by the researchers, research design, participants of the
study, the instruments in gathering data, and validation of instruments that will
help the researchers to gather enough information and make it possible to
achieve the goal of this research.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers aim to see the overall effectof online learning on

students' performance in general mathematics. In order to determine its
effects, the researchers will conduct a qualitative method in the study. In
qualitative research, non-numerical data are gathered and analyze to better
comprehend ideas, viewpoints, or experiences. It can be utilized to uncover
intricate details about a situation or to spark fresh study concepts (Bhandari,
2020). To further explain and gather appropriate data, a descriptive design will
be used for the study.
According to McCombes (2022), a Descriptive Research Design can

study one or more variables using various research techniques. It seeks to
methodically and accurately characterize a population, circumstance, or
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phenomenon. What, where, when, and how queries can be answered, the
reason why this design will be used since the researchers want to identify the
occurrences, traits, or patterns of every student regarding having online
learning in a general mathematics class.
Since this study will be conducted through a descriptive approach, the

researchers will gather the materials needed to able to create suitable guide
questions that will be equipped into gathering the student's responses.
PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY
The researchers chose students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in

Aircraft Maintenance Technology program at the Philippine State College of
Aeronautics, Basa, and Palmayo Campus. The 15 participants can be either
male of female ranging from, ages 18-21, from 2 nd to 4th year levels. The
researchers will choose 5 participants from each year level mentioned. The
researchers used criterion sampling to purposively chose the participants that
would contribute significant experiences and insights to the study:
a. Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Basa, Palmayo Campus
student
b. Major in Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology
c. Male or Female
d. Ages 18-21
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT
The researchers used Semi-Structured Guide Questions as an

instrument for the interview as the primary source of data. The semi-
structured guide questions were validated, before proceeding with the
interview.
The semi-structured guide questions will successively gather data on
how online learning impacts the student’s performance in General
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Mathematics. Probing questions are also posed to gather more information

and for clarity to avoid misinterpretation.
VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
To ensure the reliability of the instrument, researchers consulted an

evaluator from the Philippine State College of Aeronautics Basa Palmayo
Campus who will provide the instructions, comments, or recommendations to
enhance the instrument’s structure and ensure the validity of the instrument or
verify the instrument's reliability.
The semi-structured guide questions were forwarded to the adviser to

check for any corrections or suggestions to make a better outcome for the
said questions. After it was examined by the adviser, the researcher made a
final draft of the guide questions.
DATA ANALYSIS
Thematic Analysis was utilized by the researchers, to generate findings
from the acquired data. Thematic Analysis is a qualitative analytic approach
that used to detect, analyze, and report on repeating patterns (themes) in
data. It organizes and summarizes the data set in great detail. It frequently
goes beyond this, interpreting many facets of the research issue (Braun &
Clark, 2006). A theme represents some predictable response or meaning
within the data collection and captures the data related to the study topic.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The Semi-structured Interview Guide Questions were utilized to collect

data in this study. A semi-structured interview, according to Doyle (2020),
does not strictly follow the list of questions, and it facilitates a two-way
interaction between the interviewer and the participant; both can ask
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questions, allowing for a complete discussion of the issue. The interviewer

asks more open-ended questions that cannot be replied to with a simple "yes"
or "no," allowing participants to convey their thoughts, views, outlooks, and
opinions about the subject. This style of the interview focuses on participants,
collecting data on the topic; the interviewer then asks follow-up questions to
acquire more in-depth knowledge.
Before conducting the interview, the researchers asked for the

participants’ consent to record the interview to be used in the analysis. The
identity and the contents of the recorded interview will be treated with utmost
confidentiality to protect the interests of the participants.
Microsoft Apps was used to check, categorize, tabulate, and analyze

the data collected from completed interviews by accordance with the research
design described in this chapter. The data were then ready for presentation to
experts in various fields of specialization.
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CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter provides tabular presentations, analysis, and interpretation of

data gathered in this study
1. Online Learning on Students’ Performance in General Mathematics
Due to the impact of COVID-19, the educational sector decided to

employ a distanced learning modality through online/virtual learning. The aim
is to continue the learning process despite the countrywide lockdowns and
quarantines to ensure the safety of the population. The online-based learning
makes use of online platforms and applications to supplement the traditional
instructional methods and instructional materials. The use of Google Meet or
Zoom was employed to meet the students and discuss the lessons, while also
using Powerpoint Presentations or the like, as the instructional material. This
goes to say that this virtual set-up heavily relies on gadgets and internet data
connections to continue online learning.
Consequently, this resulted in an even weaker internet connection in
the Philippines due to the higher demand for internet data consumption.
Hence, the internet connection is the primary adversary of students in online
learning. This challenge would hinder students from attending classes,
understanding the lesson, passing requirements, or being in progress in the
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class. In this section, the participants expressed their learning experiences

and their experiences with learning general mathematics specifically.
Theme No. 1 Student’s Online Learning Experiences

The participants expressed difficulties in learning the lessons through
online lessons. The difficulties regarding their learning devices, internet
connections, and little to no interaction with the teachers/instructors.
P2. - “Mahirap sa mahirap lalo na pagka mahina yung

data mo o kaya one bar ka lang tapos maghahanap ka
pa ng signal minsan napupunta kana sa bubong para
maghanap ng malakas na internet.”
(It's very difficult, especially when your data is weak or

you're only one bar away and then you have to look for a
signal, sometimes you go to the roof to look for a strong
internet connection.)
P3. - “Ineffective sya sakin kasi po talagang mahirap kasi

po pag online classes hindi kayo nakakapag interact
masyado sa mga prof.”
(For me, it's ineffective because it's really difficult since

with online classes, you don't get to interact much with
the professors.)
P5. - “Mahirap para sa akin kasi maraming adjustments

na kailangang gawin and maraming factors na
nakakaapekto para sa learning ng isang estudyante.”
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(It's difficult for me because there are a lot of

adjustments that need to be made and many factors that
affect a student's learning.)
P11. - “Bali sa online learning experience mas ano, mas

nagging parang medyo mahirap magintindi kasi yun nga
parang medyo, ako kasi personally parang visual learner
parang ganun.”
(In contrast to the online learning experience, it seems a

bit more difficult to understand because I, personally, am
a visual learner. Something like that.)
Theme No. 2 Students’ Preference of Learning Modality
The majority of the participants can not help but to compare the
traditional face-to-face setup to online learning. The comparison came from
their adjustment to the new learning modality, deeming it more difficult than
the accustomed traditional learning mode. To be more specific, the
participants are not only comparing it, they choose one over the other - and
that is the face-to-face classroom setup.
P8. - “I am favoring face to face classes more talaga

since there are skills that cannot be learned online.”
(I am favoring face to face classes more since there are

skills that cannot be learned online.)
P9.- “To be honest, mas better talaga onsite learning

kaysa sa online learning.”
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(To be honest, onsite learning is actually better than

online learning.)
P10. - “ I prefer the f2f class because you will be able to

learn easily and apply it. Lalo na yung course ko is more
on practical and more research regards in planning and
innovating.”
(I prefer the face-to-face class because you will be able
to learn and apply it more quickly, especially because my
course is more on the practical and more about research

in terms of planning and innovating.)
P12. - “Bilang icocompare sa face to face classes yung

learning ah di siya ganun ka okay para sa akin.”
(As compared to face to face classes, the learning is not

that okay for me.)
P13. - “Mas mahirap compared sa face to face kasi

daming mga uhm adjustment na nangyari lalo na sa mga
prof na hindi naman masyadong techy, ganun.”
(It's more difficult compared to face to face because

there are a lot of uhm adjustments that happened
especially with the profs who aren't very techy.)
P14. - “ Mas mahirap nga lang yung online kesa sa

face-to-face.”
(Online is more difficult than face-to- face.)
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Theme No. 3 Students’ General Mathematics Performance in Online

Learning
In terms of the student’s performance in General Mathematics in online

learning, the students expressed difficulties. The participants cited once again
their favor in learning modality. Some participants experienced low grades
due to the online setup, due to the lack of interaction with the instructor.
However, there are participants whom did not experience changes in their
performance in general mathematics even after switching to an online

modality.
P1.- “Pag math parang mas okay sakin na face to face

so nung online na parang ang hirap niyang maintindihan
or ma-gets kaagad kasi mas maganda sana kung
makakausap mo kaagad yung prof.”
(When it comes to math, I think it's better to do it face to

face because when it's done online, it seems like it's
hard to understand or get it right away, it would be better
if you could talk to the professor.)
P2.- “Ang naging epekto nun nung online learning ayun

nung una mababa yung mga grades ko kasi nga parang
di ako makasabay tapos nung nakapag adjust ako yun.”
(The effect of online learning was that at first, my grades

were low because it seemed like I couldn't keep up, but
eventually I was able to make adjustments.)
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P6.- “There have been instances kasi where simply

reading about the solution in a book or online is not
enough to fully understand the process of solving a
problem. There are also many cases where students are
too shy to reach out to their professors online when they
don't understand a particular topic.”
(There have been instances where simply reading about

the solution in a book or online is not enough to fully
understand the process of solving a problem. There are
also many cases where students are too shy to reach out
to their professors online when they don't understand a
particular topic.)
P9. - “Kung gaano kahirap ang general math, mas

difficult na siya intindihin lalo nung nag online learning.
(laughs) because it was more difficult to understand
math especially kapag hindi tutok yung mga profs.”
(As tough as general math is, understanding it has

gotten even more challenging, especially when learning
online!" (laughs) Considering how difficult it was to
comprehend Math, especially when the profs just weren't
focused.)
P10. - “ So yung performance ko is still the same. In

short, although online class I understand the lesson if the
lesson is easy.”
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(My performance has not changed. In fact, if the lesson

is simple, I can comprehend it even in an online class.)
P13. - “Mahirap intindihin yung explanation ng prof kasi

imbis na kagaya ng face to face na makikita mo sa board
na sinosolve minsan yung ibang prof sa papel lang tapos
ang hirap makita sa cam.”
(It's difficult to grasp the professor's explanation since it's

not like the face-to-face interaction you see on the board,
where the other prof often solves just on paper, making it
difficult to see on cam.)
P15. - “Medyo nahihirapan kasi hindi ka makapag

interact sa prof at mga kaklase mo pero madali in terms
of pagpapasa ng mga activity.”
(It's a little challenging since you can't communicate with

the lecturer or your classmates, but it's simple in terms of
having to pass on the activities.)
However, it should be noted that there are participants to whom did not
experience changes in their performance in general mathematics even after
switching into online modality:
P3. - “Madali naman po yung gen math para sakin so it

comes easy naman po kahit papaano kahit po online
class po siya.”
21
(Even though it's an online class, I find general math to

be easy.)
P7. - “Learning experience was faster since I can search

for things I'm confused about online really quickly.”
P8. - “ Not much? Uhmm, my knowledge kasi in general

mathematics is used in my higher level classes.”
(Not much? Uhmm, because my knowledge in general

mathematics is used in my higher level classes.)
P11. - “ Ah effects ng online learning, ah sa grades

naman kung baga di naman siya gaano ganun
naapektuhan diba kahit paano naman nakakasunod
naman kasi so medyo parang wala naman gaano
kinaiba.”
(Ah, the impacts of online learning, ah, as for the grades,

perhaps it wasn't so affected, right? I was able to follow,
thus there doesn't appear to be much of a difference.)
2. Students’ Challenges in Learning General Mathematics Online
The sudden change in learning modality is challenging for the school

community, and adjusting to a virtual classroom setup is not an easy feat in
itself. There are more challenges to be considered as mentioned, due to
higher demands of internet data consumption, the connection became weaker
than usual, and more difficult than usual for others without Wi-Fi and high-tier
22
gadgets. In addition, due to the distanced online learning, the students lack
interaction with their fellow students, and reaching out to their teachers is
much harder in an online setup. Consequently, being in the comforts of a
home in an online setup also has disadvantages. These challenges may
cause a problem with a student’s motivation and academic
performance, specifically in General Mathematics.
Theme No. 1 Internet Connectivity
The main challenge faced by the participants is internet connectivity.

The inconsistency of their connections is the cause of disconnections in the
middle of discussions and experiencing lag that would cause the participants
to fall behind in the lesson.
P1. - “Isa sa mga naencounter ko na challenges nung

online learning is minsan mahina yung signal tapos
dahil don nawawalan ka ng connection syempre tapos
di mo maintindihan yung tinuturo sayo nung professor
mo.”
(One of the challenges I have encountered in online

learning is that sometimes the signal is weak and then
because of that you lose the connection of course and
then you don't understand what your professor is
teaching you.)
P2. - “First yung internet connection and yung mas

mahirap sya kesa sa face-to-face.”
23
(The first is the internet connection, which is more

challenging than face-to-face.)
P4. - “Una yung poor connection and mahirap kasi kapag

napag iiwanan ka sa topic.”
(The first issue is a bad connection, which is difficult

when you are off the subject.)
P7. - “Madami, eh. Power outage, internet connection

problems, website crashes, yung mga ganon, those are
some of the challenges I have encountered.”
(A lot, actually. Power outages, internet connection

issues, website breakdowns, and other difficulties. Those
are some of the challenges I have encountered.)
P9. - “Ano, one of the challenges talaga is the internet.

Because ano, that is really one of the problems sa online
learning. Internet connection is not always stable talaga,
ganon hehe.”
(One of the challenges is really the internet. Because,

you know, that is one of the issues with online learning.
The internet connection isn't always that stable, hehe.)
P10. - “ uhm, maybe poor internet connection, I think

lahat has a problem in the network or the net.”
24
(uhm, maybe the poor internet connection, I think

everyone has a problem in the network or the net.)
P13. - “Una syempre yung internet connection yung

naglalag ganyan.”
(The internet, of course, fails because it has always

lagged.)
Theme No. 2 Student and Teacher Interaction
A teacher’s role in a classroom setup is crucial for the student’s

learning acquisition. Weak internet connectivity is one of the challenges that
could also result in the students not following the lesson or discussion.
However, the lack of interaction with the teachers in the online setup is also a
detrimental setback for the students. In a traditional classroom setup, the
students would simply raise their hands to ask for a question, which the
teacher will then answer and clarify. This simple classroom interaction is
harder to replicate in a classroom setup. Furthermore, the students will not be
able to interact with their fellow students, additionally; this goes the same for
the professor.
P2. - “Hindi ka makapag tanong sa mga prof like yung

mga questions mo tapos mahirap din sya lalo na kung
yung laptop mo nag-lag tapos na-late ka na sa klase
mo tapos naglo-loading parin siya.”
25
(You can't ask the professor your questions, it's

challenging especially if your laptop malfunctions and
you're late for class because it's still loading.)
P3. - “Gaya nga po ng sabi ko kanina kulang po sa

interactiveness, dun po talaga nag-start yung difficulties
kapag online classes po.”
(As I said earlier, there is a lack of interactiveness, that's

where the difficulties really start when it comes to online
classes.)
P7. - “Communication between student and teacher and

students and co-students were faster but not necessarily
efficient.”
P8. - “Another is uhm, yung little to no interactions with

the professors and classmates. Syempre kasi it is not
easy to discuss and consult with others.”
(Another is uhm, the little to no interactions with the

professors and classmates. Of course because it is not
easy to discuss and consult with others.)
P13. - “Lack of communication ng prof at ng mga

students kung wari bigla nalang may class ganun di
nakapag sabi ahead of time ganun tapos uhm yung pag
may mga questions di agad na sasagot ganun tapos ano
paba, tapos ayun lang siguro.”
26
(Lack of communication between professors and

students, there are times when there are unexpected
class sessions and they do not notify the students ahead
of time, then uhm, if there are questions, they do not
address them right away. Then what else, maybe that’s
it.)
P14. - “Siguro pag online minsan mahirap magtanong

ganon lalo na pag di stable yung internet ng prof o kaya
ng students yung interaction mas lalong nagiging malabo
or mahirap.”
(Maybe it is difficult to ask such questions online at

times, especially when the professor's internet
connection is unstable or the students are limited,
making the conversation more hazy or challenging.)
Theme No. 3 Noises and Distractions
In an online classroom setup, the students can continue learning in the

comforts of their homes. With this premise, one would think it is an advantage
for the student to focus more on their studies as there would be no excuses
for not attending class, late submissions, and not being motivated in learning.
The participants, however, expressed one of the challenges they experienced
inside their homes while learning online. Noises and household chores
distract them, as well as learning and executing their activities.
P4. - “Yung mga distractions tulad ng maingay or minsan

uutusan ka kahit na nago-online learning ka.”
27
(Even if you are performing online learning, you will face

distractions such as being noisy or being commanded.)
P6. - “Unang una is the noisy environment, kasi I get

easily distracted.”
(First of all is the noisy environment, because I get easily

distracted.)
P15 - “Madalas na prob ko pag online class ay yung

maingay na paligid at minsan mahina ang signal ng data
at minsan nagsasabay yung oras mo sa paglilinis ng

bahay at online class mo.”
(My issue with online classes is sometimes the loud

surroundings, and sometimes the data signal is weak,
and sometimes you have to clean the home and take an
online class at the same time.)
P5. - “Una sa lahat yung mga gawaing bahay and di ka

makapag aral ng maigi dahil dun at yung ano pa internet,
minsan mabagal at di nakiki-sama.”
(First and foremost, there is already housework, and you

can't study effectively because of it, and the internet,
which is often sluggish and doesn't operate well.)
Theme No. 4 Students’ Admission to Complacency and Demotivation
28
While adjusting to the new learning setup, the participants are

made aware of the changes in their performance and motivations. The
participants admitted that with online learning, they became complacent and
lazy in terms of studying. With the challenges mentioned, as well as what is
believed to be an advantage of online learning which is studying at home, now
lead to demotivation and laziness among the learners.
P8.- “Asynchronous learning sometimes makes it difficult to stay motivated

and to keep up with the, uh, study schedule.”
(Asynchronous learning sometimes makes it difficult to

stay motivated and to keep up with the, uh, study
schedule.)
P9. - “Mas difficult mag aral, syempre. Tsaka ano, I

became complacent. Ano siguro, I became lazy to the
point na naging kampante ako because I know na madali
lang pumasa kahit sa mga difficult subjects since online
learning lang naman, and that is a bad habit.”
(Of course, studying is harder. Besides, I became

complacent And also maybe, I became complacent
since I know it is simple to pass the difficult subjects
because it is merely online studying, and that is a bad
habit.)
P10. - “I think uhm, maybe it affects my study habits kasi

I became lazy. Tipong ano, I am not doing my best in
29
doing my activities. As long as natatapos ko siya, that’s

it.”
(I think uhm, maybe it affects my study habits because I

became lazy. Like, I am not doing my best in doing my
activities. As long as I finish them, then that's it.)
P13. - “Siguro yung ano, yung parang tinatamad ka

ganun, yung imbis na makinig ka mawawalan ka ng
gana makinig ganun. Ayun lang.”
(Maybe, it's like you're lazy, that instead of listening you'll

lose the desire to listen. That's it.)
Theme No. 5 Implication of Students’ Challenges to Academic

Performance
Due to the diverse situations and standings of the students, their

experiences vary as well. Some participants are satisfied with their academic
performance in online learning, some would even say it was easier. Despite
the challenges cited, their grades remain unaffected. However, some are still
struggling with their academic performance due to the online learning
modality.
P1. - “ So far naman po okay sya except lang talaga sa

ibang subject na hindi ko talaga magets.”
(So far, it's okay except for other subjects that I really
don't get.)
P3.- “Kung tutuusin po mas napadali siya nung online

classes not in terms of learning po mismo but in terms of
30
pagpasa ng mga activities kasi po yung mga deadines

mas madali po sya dahil nasa comfort naman po tayo ng
home natin.”
(In fact, it was simpler to pass the exercises in the online

classes since the deadlines were easier for us because
we were in the comfort of our own home.)
P4. - “Hindi naman sya ganon kalaki yung epekto ng

mga challenges na yun kasi may mga kaibigan naman
ako o classmates na nakakatulong kapag incase na may
hindi ako naiintindihan sa lesson, nakakapag group
study naman kami thru online.”
(The impact of such challenges is minimal since I have

friends or classmates that help me if I don't understand
something in the lesson, and we can do group study
online.)
P7. - “ Hmm,looking back, feel ko it did not really affect

my academic performance since yung mga instructors
can be quite understanding when valid reasons are, ano,
given.”
(Hmm, looking back, I feel like it did not really affect my

academic performance since the instructors can be quite
understanding when valid reasons are given.)
P12. - “Mga challenge na yun ah di naman siya masyado

naka-affect sa performance ko so nakakapag pasa
31
naman ako ng mga kailangan ipasa on time ayun

nakakapag ano naman nakakapag recite recite naman.”
(Those challenges didn't affect my performance, so I was

able to pass the ones that needed to be passed on time,
somehow I can answer in recitations.)
P2. - “Minsan namimiss ko yung ibang mga activities

tapos andaming kong missing tambak tapos parang di
ako gaanong nag excel kesa nung face to face.”
(Sometimes I miss the other activities, and then I have

activities that are marked as missing, and I don't appear
to excel as much as when I am face to face.)
P6. - “Ano, I would say na it made the learning

experience more challenging however it has contributed
to me learning how to adapt to situations.”
(I would say that it made the learning experience more

challenging, however it has contributed to me learning
how to adapt to situations.)
P11. - “Sa academic performance kung baga mas

nangay langan ako ng dagdag na time kasi nga may
time napag diko kaagad siya ma gets kung baga
syempre parang babalikan ko pa siya ulit aaralin kopa
ulit ng sarili ko unlike dati na parang magegets ko
kaagad pagka after palang ng lesson ng prof din.”
32
(In terms of academic performance, it appears that I

needed more time since there was a point when I could
not comprehend the lesson, and my instinct is to return
to him and study again on my own, unlike before when I
seemed to understand it right immediately after the
session.)
P15.- “Kung minsan mahirap makasunod sa topic dahil

may mga prog na mabilis magturo na parang hindi nila
natotopic ng mas malinaw yung inaaral namin.”
(Sometimes it's difficult to follow the topic since certain

professors teach rapidly as if they didn't make the topic
more clear on what we were trying to study.)
Theme No. 6 Implication of Challenges to Students’ General Mathematics

Performance
In terms of the participants’ performance in General Mathematics, they

expressed the subject’s difficulty again. This implies that the students are
struggling with the subject in online learning, and it has caused them low
grades. Considering the challenges, aforementioned have affected their
performance in studying general mathematics in online learning.
P1. - “50/50 parang minsan kasi madali yung topic eh so

okay minsan din hindi dipende na lang din po kasi sa
pagtuturo ng mga prof kaya alam ko na talagang
nahirapan ako sa online lalo na kung tungkol sa math.”
33
(It's like 50/50 sometimes because the topic is easy,

making it okay but sometimes it isn't, it depends on the
teaching of the professors. However, I know that I really
struggled online especially when it comes to Math.)
P5.- “Syempre mahirap, solving kasi yung math and

kailangan mo ng matinding focus talaga sa subject na
yun.”
(Of course it's difficult, because Math requires solving

and you really need a lot of focus on that subject.”)
P9. - “Uhm, low grades syempre. Also, I could not ano,

understand the topics in mathematics even more.”
(Uhm, low grades of course. Also, I could not understand

the topics in mathematics even more.)
P11. - “Sa performance sa gen math bale ayun ng

parang mas nadagdagan yung parang workload para sa
student kasi need pa uli mag aral ng parang times two
yung pag aaral mo sa subject na yun at sa lesson na
yun”
(In terms of performance in gen math, it doesn't matter if

it seems like the workload for the student has increased
because you need to study twice as much in that subject
and in that lesson.)
P15. - “Kung minsan kailangan ko mag self study dahil

sa hindi ako makapag focus kapag may mga hindrance
sa paligid ko at kung minsan parang naiiwan ka.”
34
(Sometimes I have to self study because I can't focus

when there are hindrances around me and sometimes it
feels like you're left behind.)
P14. - “Siguro ano mas natatagalan akong maintindihan

yung mga lessons ko, kailangan ko pa sya ireview ng
ireview bago ko ulit maintindihan.”
(Perhaps it is taking me longer to learn my lessons

because I have to go over them again and again before I
understand them.)
In light of this, two participants are satisfied with the

performance in general mathematics through online learning.
P8. - “ Improved, ganern. Since I have more time to

study and practice yung mga problem solving.
(Improved, like that. Since I have more time to study and

practice problem solving.)
P7. - “Katulad lang din sa sinabi ko kanina laughs, na it

did not really affect my performance that much even in
general mathematics. Yung mga ano lang siguro, uhm,
delays in submission, reviewing, meeting or watching
would be the only negative effects I have experienced.”
35
(It didn't actually affect my performance that much, even

in general mathematics, according to what I said. The
only bad impacts I've noticed are delays in submitting,
reviewing, meeting, or watching.)
3. Students’ Coping Strategies in Learning General Mathematics Online
In spite of the challenges cited by the participants, they have their own
strategies that they have to employ to help improve their general mathematics
performance. The participant’s coping strategies are convenient and in line
with the challenges they also mentioned. Being unable to understand or
comprehend the lessons well, they will make use of the internet to search for
video content as a review of the previous lessons. Though remote and unable
to physically gather, the students with their classmates review online and help
each other. These strategies would also help others improve their academic
performance.
Theme No. 1 Online Video Tutorials
The participants take advantage of the accessibility of

information online and their internet connection. By searching for online video
tutorials to help them comprehend better at their own pace. This shows
resourcefulness from the participants, as well as motivation to learn the
lesson by watching educational videos even after school hours. The
participants also use this opportunity to practice solving.
P2. - “Yung sa gen math kasi ang ginagawa ko dun

kunware namiss ko yung klase naghahanap nalang ako
ng tutorial sa youtube and madalas talagang
36
napapanood minsan di mo na maintindihan yung

lengwahe nila dahil madalas indiano yung nage-
explain. Tapos meron din naman mga tagalog yung
mga yun nakakatulong sakin yun kasi.”
(The one in gen math because that's what I'm doing,

pretending I missed the class, I'm just looking for a
tutorial on YouTube and often watch it. Sometimes you
don't understand their language because it's often an
Indian who explains. Then there is also Tagalog, which
helps me.)
P3. - “Yung challenges naman po na ganto is yung

kakulangan sa interactiveness, marami naman po tayo
pwedeng gawin na techniques para ma-overcome po
natin ito like yung pagkuha po ng sources gaya ng
youtube or google or pwede rin po madali po I-pm yung
mga instructor.”
(The challenges include a lack of interaction. There are

numerous strategies we may use to combat this, such as
obtaining sources such as YouTube or Google, or it is
very simple to PM the instructor.)
P5.- “Isa sa coping strategy ko yung panonood ng mga

topic sa youtube, ganon.”
(One of my coping strategies is watching topics on

YouTube, something like that.)
37
P6. - “ Hmm, unang una yung time management, and

uh, I explore new ways of studying like in youtube ganon,
tapos studying techniques para kunyari ay masipag mag
aral.”
(Hmm, first is time management, and uh, I try out various

means of studying, such as on YouTube, and then
studying strategies to make me appear to study hard.)
P11. - “Uhm may times na nagttry na lang din ako

manood ng mga youtube videos ganyan then para
maaral then magt-try ng mga examples na nasa modules
para ma-practice, ganon.”
(Uhm, there are times when I just try to learn by watching

YouTube videos like that and then practicing with the
examples in the modules.)
Theme No. 2 Self/Group Review
Though the participants are unable to physically meet their classmates,

they find ways to review and help each other virtually. By Meeting online via
Zoom or Google Meet, they could study together and share information with
one another that others may have left out. In addition, this was the only way
the students may interact with one another due to its deprivation in an online
classroom setup. In this way, the students are not only studying altogether but
also looking out for each other by motivating one another. Some students,
however, study and review alone, but they still need to exert effort to learn the
lesson.
38
P4.- “Sakin binabalikan ko yung mga nadiscuss na topic

or nagchecheck uli sa module or minsan nagpapatulong
sa mga classmates para mas maintindihan yung topic.”
(For me, I go back to the discussed topics or check the

module again or sometimes I ask help from my
classmates to better understand the topic.)
P9. - “Hmm, reviewing the past topics siguro? Tsaka

buying load for data connection in case na ano,
nawawalan ng internet connection.”
(Hmm, reviewing the past topics, maybe? Also, buying a

load for data connection in case I lose my internet
connection.)
P10. - “Uhm, I attend the online classes na lang even

though nahihirapan ako laughs Kasi uhm, I don’t think I
have a choice din naman but to attend the classes kahit

struggling ako with my internet connection madalas.”
(Uhm, I simply go to the online lessons even though I

struggle (laughs) because, uhm, I don't think I have an
option but to go to the classes even if my internet
connection frequently fails me.)
P12. - “Halimbawa di ako nakapa-kinig nagta-try ako

magtulong sa mga kaibigan ko na mas negegets nila
39
yung lesson or mga napakinig tapos kapag di ko naman

alam gumagamit ako ng youtube, ganun.”
(For example, If I can't listen, I try to ask help from my

friends who understand the lesson or those who have
listened, and if I still don't know, I use youtube,
something like that.)
P13. - “Uhm ano, parang mas mage exert ka lang effort

ganun na mag aral at tsaka intindihin yung mga lessons
ganun ayun.”
(Uhm, it appears that you will just put in extra effort to

study and ensure that you understand the teachings,
something like that.)
P14. - “Siguro mas kailangan mo magbigay ng extra

effort tsaka time na aralin pa yung mga lesson na pinag
aralan thru online.”
(Maybe you need to put in more effort and time to study

the online lessons.)
P15.- “Yun nga parang need mo mag effort pa lalo tulad

ng self study at panonood sa recorded video kung
meron man.”
(You must put in additional effort, such as self-study and

watching recorded videos if possible.)
40
Theme No. 3 Coping Strategies on Improving General Mathematics

Performance
Fortunately, the challenges mentioned by the participants are

successfully countered by, their coping strategies. Watching online
instructional videos and studying with classmates helped the students in
studying general mathematics. Alone or with a group, the participants are
satisfied with their coping strategies and are aware of its advantages in their
performance in General mathematics.
P2. - “Nag improve naman sya dahil dun sa mga ginawa

ko noon, dati kasi siguro mababa lang nakukuha ko
noon, nag improve naman sya kasi minsan mga 2
nalang mali ko ganon, nakakasabay naman na ko.”
(It improved because of what I did in the past. Before, I

was only getting low, but it has improved since I only
made approximately two mistakes, I can catch pace.)
P4. - “Malaking tulong sakin yung meron kang guide sa

module tsaka yung tulong ng mga kaklase para mas
maintindihan yung topic sa gen math.”
(The fact that you have a module guide is really helpful

to me, as well as to my classmates, in better
understanding the topic in gen math.)
P5.- “Malaking tulong sakin yung panonood ng lesson sa

math kasi kahit papaano nakakahabol ako kahit konti.”
41
(Watching the math lesson helps me a lot since it helps

me to catch up a little bit.)
P11. - “Uhm pano na improve kung baga sa pag gawa

ko nun mas na lilinang ko yung pag sosolve ko sa
problems, ah kung baga dahil mas na uulit ulit yung pag
try mo ng pag try mag solve mas mafa familiarize kana
kung paano isolve yung about sa topic na iyon.”
(Uhm, how I improved is simply by solving, and by doing

that I familiarized myself with how to solve problems, ah,
perhaps because the more you try and attempt to solve,
the more acquainted you will get with how to solve the
topic.)
P12. - “In terms naman sa mga strategies na ginawa ko

nagging affective siya kasi di naman ako bumagsak sa,
okay naman grades ko.”
(In terms of the strategies I made, he became effective

because I didn't fail, my grades are okay.)
P13. - “Syempre kapag nageexert ng effort nagkaka

develop mo yung self ano, self study ganun so syempre
nai improve naman na mas maintindihan mo yung
inaaral mo.”
42
(Of course, when you put out effort, you develop yourself
through self-study in order to better grasp what you are
learning.)
P14.- “Okay naman kumbaga nakakasabay ako sa

online class kahit mahirap intindihin nagagawan naman
ng paraan.”
(It's okay, I seem to be able to keep up with the online

class, even though it's hard to understand, there's still a
way.)
P15. - “Syempre mas ok kasi mas mataas yung grade na

makukuha mo pag nag self study ka or nag ask ka sa
mga kaklase mo na mas may idea sa topic kesa sayo.”
(Of course, it is okay because you will obtain a higher

grade if you do self-study or ask from your classmates
who have a better understanding of the topic than you
do.)
4. Students’ Recommendations and Realizations in Learning General

Mathematics Online
Online learning is not an easy task for anyone, who is not used to
going through this kind of modality because there are challenges and
countless efforts to progress in this learning modality. Although the students
employ their own coping strategies, there is still room for external help and
assistance. Learning virtually in itself is not easy; Mathematics is difficult, and
43
with these two combined, the challenges are inevitable. The teachers should
also take necessary steps to make the lessons and discussions easier, and
the students should play their roles and study hard. The participants’
recommendations aim to make the work easier for them and for the teachers
as well.
Theme No. 1 Recorded Discussions
One of the challenges for online learning is the unstable internet

connection, this leads to students unable to attend the class, or understand
the discussion due to the lags and disconnections. The participants
recommended that the teachers make a video recording of the discussion
before or during the lesson proper, so the students may review whatever
difficulties they may have encountered. In this way, the students may watch
the recording even after the discussion to review the lesson.
P4.- “Siguro yung magprovide din yung prof ng mga

recorded videos ng explanation ng mga topics lalo na sa
math kasi madami din yung mga students na hirap
intindihin agad yung math lalo na kung hindi detailed
yung explanation.”
(Maybe the professor will also provide recorded videos

of the explanation of the topics, especially in math,
because there are also students who find it difficult to

understand math quickly, especially if the explanation is
not detailed.)
44
P13. - “Ano yung pinaka nakikita kong effective na way

yung ano kagaya ng ginagawa ng atin isang prof na
nirerecord na niya ahead yung mga videos ng mas
malinaw, kasi kapag mismong ano eh, mismong meet
kung wari minsan naglalag ganun so hindi siya
naiintindihan lagi so mas maganda yung recorded na
advance so makikita mo ng malinaw yung screen, yung
sinusulat ganun naririnig mo yung audio ng maayos
ganun so siguro yun yung mas magandang gawin yung
recorded na yung klase.”
(The most effective way that I see is what one of our

professors does, which is that he already records the
videos ahead of time more clearly, because when he
actually meets with us, it appears that his material is
lagging and he is not always understood, so the
advanced record is better so you can see the screen
clearly, what you're writing, like that, you can hear the
audio properly, like that, so maybe that's the best thing to
do is to record the class.)
P14. - “Siguro kagaya ng ginagawa ng ilang mga prof

palagay ko yung pinaka effective yung pagre-record ng
mga lessons kasi dun pwede mo ulit-ulitin yung mga

lessons na hirap ka intindihin.”
(Perhaps, as some professors do, recording the classes

is the most beneficial method since it allows you to
45
repeat the teachings that are difficult for you to

understand.)
P15. - “Sana laging meron recorded video ng mga topic

and sana laging ibigay ng mas maaga para mas maaga
maaral ng mga students.”
(I hope there is always a recorded video of the topics

and that it is always provided sooner so that students
may study earlier.)
Theme No. 2 Unified Student Efforts
The participants, as mentioned in their coping strategies, recommend

to fellow students to review and exert more effort in studying the lessons
however difficult it may be. Creating a study group to help each other study
and review will not only help themselves but also the teachers by doing the
work and studying. For lone students, time management and self-studying will
help in improving performance as well. All in all, the participant recommends
to fellow students that they help themselves too.
P3. - “Meron po tayong dalawang way para matulungan

po natin yung sarili natin pagdating sa gen math sa
online class it either mag self study or palibutan yung

sarili natin ng mga taong makakatulong satin.”
(We have two ways to help ourselves when it comes to

gen math in the online class, it's either self-study or
surround ourselves with people who can help us.)
46
P5.- “Para sakin yung pagtatanong sa mga kaklase mo

nung mga lessons and isa pa yung self study, balik-
balikan mo yung mga lessons ganon.”
(Asking your classmates during lessons is one thing, but

going back to those teachings over and again is also
another.)
P6. - “Hmm I would say siguro, yung ano, suggestion ko

ay Study groups, sa zoom or personal kung kaya, ganon.
Because super helpful siya, promise.”
(Hmm, I'd say maybe, my suggestion would be study

groups, either on Zoom or in person if possible. Because
these are quite helpful, I promise.)
P7. - “Hmm advice? Ano nga ba? hmm ano, siguro

setting a definite time for activities would push students
to actually, ano, do their work. Tapos uhmm, Instructors
should provide lectures themselves rather than send
links of videos. Tsaka ano din pala, uhm, setting a time
for learning and resting/playing properly and accordingly
para ma-ano, ma-maximize yung time efficiently and
effectively.”
(Hmm, suggestions? What precisely is it? Hmm, maybe

providing a specific time for activities will encourage
pupils to really finish their tasks. Then, rather than
sending links to videos, instructors should give lectures
directly. Furthermore, uhm, setting a time for studying
47
and resting/playing properly and appropriately so that

time is used efficiently and effectively.)
P8. - “Una siguro is uhm, answering practice problem

sets. Tapos uhh, try to look for other resources like
books or tutorial videos. And most importantly, ask
questions din talaga to your professors and interacts with
your classmates.”
(First maybe is uhm,answering practice problem sets.

Then, look for other resources, such as books or tutorial
videos. Most importantly, ask your professors questions
and interact with your classmates.)
P9. - “Siguro yung ano, don’t be lazy din. Because being

lazy in online classes can result to low grades.”
(Maybe, don’t be lazy. Because being lazy in online

classes can result to low grades.)
P10. - “For me, listen well and syempre if you don't

understand the lesson ask for the teacher.”
(For me, listen well and of course if you don't

understand the lesson ask for the teacher.)
Theme No. 3 Students’ Realizations on Learning General Mathematics

Online
48
The participants' expressions remain unchanged in terms of learning

general mathematics online, that it is indeed difficult, and a challenge. They
still prefer the traditional face-to-face classroom setup. The combination of
general mathematics and online learning therefore, is the most challenging
feat they faced.
P2.- “Mahirap na nga sya sa face to face mas mahirap

pa sya lalo na sa online class tsaka isa pa is parang
ayoko na bumalik pa sa online class kasi parang natake
advantage mo yung kung gaano kadali matuto nung face
to face.”
(It's already challenging face-to-face, and it's even more

difficult online, and I don't want to go back to online class
since you appear to have taken advantage of how easy it
is to study face-to-face.)
P4. - “Hindi sya ganon kadali lalo na kung mathematics

yung subject lalo na kung may mga challenges or
distractions sayo habang nag aaral sa online class kaya
kailangan din yung strategies mo and kailangan ng mas
effort sa pag aaral.”
(It's not easy, especially if the topic is mathematics, and

especially if there are problems or distractions for you
when studying in the online class, therefore you'll need

strategies and extra effort in studying.)
P5.- “Para sakin mahirap kasi mahirap pag aralan yung

gen math sa online kasi maraming factors eh tulad ng
49
internet na nagbabagal at minsan naglalag sa discussion

at naglalag yung presentation ng prof kaya di mo
maintindihan.”
(It's challenging for me since it's difficult to learn gen

math online because of many factors such as slow
internet and sometimes the professor's discussion and
presentation lags thus you don't understand.)
P8. - “Ano siguro, it is nice to learn on your own and at

your own pace. Pero it is more effective pa rin talaga if
someone is actively teaching you.”
(Maybe, it is nice to learn on your own and at your own

pace. But it is much more effective if someone is actively
teaching you.)
P11. - “Ah realization, satin oh sa amin mga estudyante

mas nagging kung baga mahirap na mas nahirapan pa
yung pagaral mo nga and at the same time para din nga
sa mga profs for sure sila din naman nahihirapan din sa
pagtuturo so parang parehas or both side nahihirapan sa
online learning ng pagtuturo ng math.”
(Ah realization, for us students, it's as if your studying

has gotten more difficult, and it's also for the professors,
who are undoubtedly suffering from teaching, so it's as if
both sides are suffering from online learning of teaching
math.)
50
P13. - “Yung kapag math kasi diba madalas talaga

mahirap so kapag online mas nagiging mas mahirap pa
siya na intindihin ayun kaya mas dapat na maging
effective yung way pagtuturo.”
(When it comes to math, it is often really difficult, and

when it is delivered online, it becomes much more
difficult for us to comprehend, therefore the method of
instruction should be more effective.)
P14.- “Siguro sa online mas lalong napahirap yung

subject natin na math kasi sa face to face palang
mahirap na eh so pano pa kaya yung nasa online.”
(Maybe online makes the Math subject more difficult,

since it is already challenging face-to-face, what more if
it is taught online?)
CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
After a process of analyzing and collecting data, the researchers have

come up with the significant findings of the study:
51
Summary of Findings:
1. Online Learning on Students’ Performance in General Mathematics
The participant’s responses were evidently leaning into the difficulty

online learning brings in their learning experience as well as to their academic
performance. These experiences had significant effects on the student’s
academic performance. In light of this, the participants favor the traditional
face-to-face classes rather than the remote online classroom setup due to the
unstable internet connectivity and little to no interaction with the teachers and
fellow students. However, there are some students that have experienced no
setbacks in their online learning despite the difficulties they mentioned.
2. Students’ Challenges in Learning General Mathematics Online
All participants faced challenges in the online learning setup. The

unstable internet connection is the primary challenge all the participants
share, and it causes significant effects on their performance in general
mathematics as well. The participants are often disconnected in the virtual
meetings and are left falling behind in lessons and discussions. It would
eventually lead to the participant’s not learning the topic on time. In addition,
the lack of student and teacher interaction is also a challenge cited by the
participants. Approaching the teacher online is more difficult than in face-to-
face classes, where queries are answered almost immediately. It also
decreases the engagement of students in the discussions. Due to the online
class setup
which allows the students to study in the comforts of their homes, the students
admit that this learning modality makes them lethargic, complacent, and
unmotivated. The comfortable environment in this setup is also prone to noise
and distractions that could sway the participant’s focus in online learning.
52
In terms of the implications of these challenges on the participant’s

academic performance, it is deemed challenging as well. The participants
reflected that it had no crucial and significant effects on their end. However, in
terms of their performance in general mathematics, they found it more difficult
than ever as it required them to exert more effort in studying. It should be
noted that the participant’s responses were varied, as the others remain
unaffected by these challenges.
3. Students’ Coping Strategies in Learning General Mathematics Online
After the participants identified the challenges they experienced in

learning general mathematics in an online setup, they also have their coping
strategies to counter it. Due to the lack of interaction with the teachers, and
the unstable internet connections during the discussion, the participants
resorted to watching online video tutorials about the subject. In addition,
reviewing alone or with groups is also one of the strategies the participants
employ to help each other in studying. The participants claim that these
strategies helped them in a way to understand the lessons and progress in
online learning.
4. Students’ Recommendations and Realizations in Learning General

Mathematics Online
While students and teacher interactions are lacking in online classes,

and online discussions are disrupted by unstable internet connections, the
participants recommended that teachers should record the meeting, or have
pre-recorded discussions for the students to watch and review after the class.
It will help the students study the lessons anytime. However, the students may
rely on the recorded meetings too much and not listen to the discussion at
hand. Another recommendation of the participants is for fellow students to
exert more effort in studying and helping each other out. In this way, students
53
will have the opportunity to interact with each other while learning at the same
time. The realizations of the participants remain that general mathematics
itself is hard but harder in an online learning setup.
Conclusion
Based on the results and findings, the following conclusion were

drawn.The participants had difficulties in studying General Mathematics in an
online classroom setup. They would prefer studying the testy subject in a
traditional face-to-face classroom setup rather than facing the challenges they
mentioned in learning online.
 The participants' experiences are varied, some participants’ academic
performance are unchanged or even improving, while some are
struggling due to the challenging subject and the challenging learning
modality online.
 The challenges encountered by the participants mostly come from the
unstable internet connection, lack of interaction with the teachers, and
the comfort of their homes. These challenges affected
theirperformance in general mathematics, however, they have
employedcoping strategies to counter these challenges.
 The participants resorted to watching online educational videos to
support their learning acquisition in general mathematics. Reviewing
alone or with peers also helps them stay motivated in learning the
lessons, and by helping one another the difficulties are overcome.
 The participants recommend that the teachers play pre-recorded
discussions and share it with them, or record the meeting itself to stand
as a learning material for them to review. To exert more effort in

learning general mathematics is key to progress in the said subject.
Recommendation
54
After a thorough analysis and considering the forgoing discoveries and

conclusion of the study, the following recommendations are presented:
 The teachers should find more creative ways to teach the subject so
that they can enjoy the lesson and stay motivated since the online
learning modality tends to decrease the student’s interest.
 The teachers should conduct a short Q&A session after the online
discussion to answer the student’s questions should they have queries
to satisfy the needs of the students that lack knowledge about the
certain topic to be able to comprehend their needs.
 As per the recommendation of the participants, pre-recorded meetings
or recording the meeting during discussions will help the students
access the lessons for reviewing.
 The students should study in a conducive learning environment at
home and inform the family that they need to focus on their studies at a
given time in the day.
 The students should exert more effort in studying general mathematics
online, although it is challenging. To overcome these challenges,
despite all the strategies and recommendations, none would work
without effort and perseverance in studying.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
58
REQUEST LETTER FOR CONDUCTING SURVEY
59
APPENDIX B
INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE
60
APPENDIX C
VALIDATION INSTRUMENT
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
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70
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72
73
Table of Coding
Online Learning on Students’ Performance in General Mathematics
# Direct Quote Code Theme

2 “Mahirap sa mahirap lalo na Difficulty, weak Student’s Online
pagka mahina yung data mo o internet Learning
kaya one bar ka lang tapos connection Experiences
maghahanap ka pa ng signal
minsan napupunta kana sa
bubong para maghanap ng
malakas na internet.”
3 “Ineffective sya sakin kasi po Ineffective, No
talagang mahirap kasi po pag interaction
online classes hindi kayo
nakakapag interact masyado
sa mga prof.”
5 “Mahirap para sa akin kasi Difficulty,
maraming adjustments na factors,
kailangang gawin and adjustments
maraming factors na
nakakaapekto para sa learning
ng isang estudyante.”
11 “Bali sa online learning Online learning
experience mas ano, mas experience,
nagging parang medyo difficulty
mahirap magintindi kasi yun
nga parang medyo, ako kasi
personally parang visual
learner parang ganun.”
8 “I am favoring face to face Face to face Students’
classes more talaga since classes Preference of
there are skills that cannot be Learning Modality
learned online.”
9 “To be honest, mas better Better, onsite
talaga onsite learning kaysa learning
sa online learning.”
10 “ I prefer the f2f class because Prefer, Face to
you will be able to learn easily face class
and apply it. Lalo na yung
course ko is more on practical
and more research regards in
planning and innovating.”
12 “Bilang icocompare sa face to Comparison,
face classes yung learning ah face to face
di siya ganun ka okay para sa class
74
akin.”
13 “Mas mahirap compared sa More difficult,
face to face kasi daming mga adjustment
uhm adjustment na nangyari
lalo na sa mga prof na hindi
naman masyadong techy,
ganun.”
14 `“ Mas mahirap nga lang yung More difficult,
online kesa sa face-to-face.” face to face
classes
1 “Pag math parang mas okay Face to face Students’ General
sakin na face to face so nung class, online,
Mathematics
online na parang ang hirap difficult,
niyang maintindihan or ma- interaction with Performance in
gets kaagad kasi mas professor
Online Learning
maganda sana kung
makakausap mo kaagad yung
prof.”
2 “Ang naging epekto nun nung Online learning,
online learning ayun nung una low grades
mababa yung mga grades ko
kasi nga parang di ako
makasabay tapos nung
nakapag adjust ako yun.”
6 “There have been instances Insufficient,
kasi where simply reading understanding,
about the solution in a book or approaching
online is not enough to fully professor
understand the process of
solving a problem. There are
also many cases where
students are too shy to reach
out to their professors online
when they don't understand a
particular topic.”
9 “Kung gaano kahirap ang General
general math, mas difficult na Mathematics,
siya intindihin lalo nung nag More difficult,
online learning. (laughs) online learning
because it was more difficult to
understand math especially
kapag hindi tutok yung mga
profs.”
10 “ So yung performance ko is Performance,
still the same. In short, Same, online
although online class I class
understand the lesson if the
75
lesson is easy.”
13 “Mahirap intindihin yung Difficult, virtual
explanation ng prof kasi imbis learning
na kagaya ng face to face na
makikita mo sa board na
sinosolve minsan yung ibang
prof sa papel lang tapos ang
hirap makita sa cam.”
15 “Medyo nahihirapan kasi hindi Difficult, no
ka makapag interact sa prof at interaction
mga kaklase mo pero madali
in terms of pagpapasa ng mga
activity.”
3 “Madali naman po yung gen General
math para sakin so it comes Mathematics,
easy naman po kahit papaano easy
kahit po online class po siya.”
7 “Learning experience was Faster learning
faster since I can search for
things I'm confused about
online really quickly.”
8 “ Not much? Uhmm, my General
knowledge kasi in general Mathematics,
mathematics is used in my higher level
higher level classes.”
11 “ Ah effects ng online learning, Unaffected
ah sa grades naman kung
baga di naman siya gaano
ganun naapektuhan diba kahit
paano naman nakakasunod
naman kasi so medyo parang
wala naman gaano kinaiba.”
76
Students’ Challenges in Learning General Mathematics Online
1 “Isa sa mga naencounter Challenges, Internet Connectivity

ko na challenges nung online learning,
online learning is no internet
minsan mahina connection
yung signal tapos dahil
don nawawalan ka ng
connection syempre tapos
di mo maintindihan yung
tinuturo sayo nung
professor mo.”
2 “First yung internet Internet
connection and yung mas connection
mahirap sya kesa sa
face-to-face.”
4 “Una yung poor Poor connection
connection and mahirap
kasi kapag napag iiwanan
ka sa topic.”
7 “Madami, eh. Power Power outage,
outage, internet internet
connection problems, connection,
website crashes, yung website crashes
mga ganon, those are
some of the challenges I
have encountered.”
9 “Ano, one of the Challenges,
challenges talaga is the unstable internet
internet. Because ano, that connection
is really one of the
problems sa online
learning. Internet
connection is not always
stable talaga, ganon
hehe.”
10 “ uhm, maybe poor Poor internet
internet connection, I think connection
lahat has a problem in the
network or the net.”
13 “Una syempre yung Internet
internet connection yung connection
naglalag ganyan.”
2 “Hindi ka makapag tanong Professor, Student and Teacher
sa mga prof like yung mga unanswered Interaction
questions mo tapos queries
77
mahirap din sya lalo na

kung yung laptop mo
nag-lag tapos na-late ka
na sa klase mo tapos
naglo-loading parin siya.”
3 “Gaya nga po ng sabi ko Lack of
kanina kulang po sa interaction
interactiveness, dun po
talaga nag-start yung
difficulties kapag online
classes po.”
7 “Communication between Lack of
student and teacher and communication,
students and co-students inefficient
were faster but not
necessarily efficient.”
8 “Another is uhm, yung little No interaction,
to no interactions with the professors,
professors and classmates
classmates. Syempre kasi
it is not easy to discuss
and consult with others.”
13 “Lack of communication ng Lack of
prof at ng mga students communication,
kung wari bigla nalang professor,
may class ganun di students
nakapag sabi ahead of
time ganun tapos uhm
yung pag may mga
questions di agad na
sasagot ganun tapos ano
paba, tapos ayun lang
siguro.”
14 “Siguro pag online minsan Unanswered
mahirap magtanong ganon queries,
lalo na pag di stable yung unstable
internet ng prof o kaya ng internet,
students yung interaction professor,
mas lalong nagiging students
malabo or mahirap.”
4 “Yung mga distractions Distractions, Noises and
tulad ng maingay or noises, chores Distractions
minsan uutusan ka
kahit na nago-online
learning ka.”
6 “Unang una is the noisy Noisy
environment, kasi I get environment,
78
easily distracted.” distraction

15 “Madalas na prob ko pag Noisy
online class ay yung environment,
maingay na paligid at chores
minsan mahina ang
signal ng data at minsan
nagsasabay yung oras mo
sa paglilinis ng bahay
at online class mo.”
5 “Una sa lahat yung mga House chores
gawaing bahay and di ka
makapag aral ng maigi
dahil dun at yung ano pa
internet, minsan mabagal
at di nakiki-sama.”
8 “Asynchronous learning Difficulty, Students’ Admission
sometimes makes it demotivation to Complacency and
difficult to stay motivated Demotivation
and to keep up with the,
uh, study schedule.”
9 “Mas difficult mag aral, Diffuculty,
syempre. Tsaka ano, I complacent,
became complacent. Ano lazy
siguro, I became lazy to
the point na naging
kampante ako because I
know na madali lang
pumasa kahit sa mga
difficult subjects since
online learning lang
naman, and that is a bad
habit.”
10 “I think uhm, maybe it Study habits,
affects my study habits lazy
kasi I became lazy. Tipong
ano, I am not doing my
best in doing my activities.
As long as natatapos ko
siya, that’s it.”
13 “Siguro yung ano, yung Complacent
parang tinatamad ka
ganun, yung imbis na
makinig ka mawawalan ka
ng gana makinig ganun.
Ayun lang.”
1 “ So far naman po okay Unaffected Implication of
sya except lang talaga sa Students’ Challenges
79
ibang subject na hindi ko to Academic

talaga magets.” Performance
3 “Kung tutuusin po mas Easier,
napadali siya nung online activities,
classes not in terms of comfort of
learning po mismo but in homes
terms of pagpasa ng mga
activities kasi po yung mga
deadines mas madali po
sya dahil nasa comfort
naman po tayo ng home
natin.”
4 “Hindi naman sya ganon No significant
kalaki yung epekto ng mga effects, online
challenges na yun kasi group study
may mga kaibigan naman
ako o classmates na
nakakatulong kapag
incase na may hindi ako
naiintindihan sa lesson,
nakakapag group study
naman kami thru online.”
7 “ Hmm,looking back, feel No effect,
ko it did not really affect academic
my academic performance performance
since yung mga instructors
can be quite
understanding when valid
reasons are, ano, given.”
12 “Mga challenge na yun ah Challenge,
di naman siya masyado unaffected
naka-affect sa performance
performance ko so
nakakapag pasa naman
ako ng mga kailangan
ipasa on time ayun
nakakapag ano naman
nakakapag recite recite
naman.”
2 “Minsan namimiss ko yung Not improving
ibang mga activities tapos
andaming kong missing
tambak tapos parang di
ako gaanong nag excel
kesa nung face to face.”
6 “Ano, I would say na it More
made the learning challenging,
80
experience more adaption

challenging however it has
contributed to me learning
how to adapt to situations.”
11 “Sa academic Self review,
performance kung baga More effort
mas nangay langan ako
ng dagdag na time kasi
nga may time napag diko
kaagad siya ma gets kung
baga syempre parang
babalikan ko pa siya ulit
aaralin kopa ulit ng sarili
ko unlike dati na parang
magegets ko kaagad
pagka after palang ng
lesson ng prof din.”
15 “Kung minsan mahirap Fast paced
makasunod sa topic dahil discussion, out
may mga prog na mabilis of topic
magturo na parang hindi
nila natotopic ng mas
malinaw yung inaaral
namin.”
1 “50/50 parang minsan kasi Undecided, Implication of
madali yung topic eh so difficulty, online, Challenges to
okay minsan din hindi math Students’ General
dipende na lang din po Mathematics
kasi sa pagtuturo ng mga Performance
prof kaya alam ko na
talagang nahirapan ako sa
online lalo na kung tungkol
sa math.”
5 “Syempre mahirap, solving Difficult
kasi yung math and
kailangan mo ng matinding
focus talaga sa subject na
yun.”
9 “Uhm, low grades Low grades,
syempre. Also, I could not mathematics
ano, understand the topics
in mathematics even
more.”
11 “Sa performance sa gen Wordload, more
math bale ayun ng parang study efforts
mas nadagdagan yung
parang workload para sa
81
student kasi need pa uli

mag aral ng parang times
two yung pag aaral mo sa
subject na yun at sa
lesson na yun”
15 “Kung minsan kailangan Self study
ko mag self study dahil sa
hindi ako makapag focus
kapag may mga hindrance
sa paligid ko at kung
minsan parang naiiwan
ka.”
14 “Siguro ano mas Difficult subject,
natatagalan akong review
maintindihan yung mga
lessons ko, kailangan ko
pa sya ireview ng ireview
bago ko ulit maintindihan.”
8 “ Improved, ganern. Since Improves
I have more time to study performance
and practice yung mga
problem solving.
7 “Katulad lang din sa sinabi Unaffected,
ko kanina laughs, na it did General
not really affect my mathematics
performance that much performance
even in general
mathematics. Yung mga
ano lang siguro, uhm,
delays in submission,
reviewing, meeting or
watching would be the
only negative effects I
have experienced.”
82
Students’ Coping Strategies in Learning General Mathematics Online

2 “Yung sa gen math kasi Tutorial, Online Video Tutorials
ang ginagawa ko dun Youtube
kunware namiss ko yung
klase naghahanap nalang
ako ng tutorial sa youtube
and madalas talagang
napapanood minsan di mo
na maintindihan yung
lengwahe nila dahil
madalas indiano yung
nage-explain. Tapos
meron din naman mga
tagalog yung mga yun
nakakatulong sakin yun
kasi.”
3 “Yung challenges naman Lack of
po na ganto is yung interaction,
kakulangan sa sources,
interactiveness, marami youtube,
naman po tayo pwedeng google
gawin na techniques para
ma-overcome po natin ito
like yung pagkuha po ng
sources gaya ng youtube
or google or pwede rin po
madali po I-pm yung mga
instructor.”
5 Isa sa coping strategy ko Youtube
yung panonood ng mga
topic sa youtube, ganon.”
6 “ Hmm, unang una yung Time
83
time management, and uh, management,

I explore new ways of Youtube
studying like in youtube
ganon, tapos studying
techniques para kunyari ay
masipag mag aral.”
11 “Uhm may times na Youtube
nagttry na lang din ako videos, practice
manood ng mga youtube
videos ganyan then para
maaral then magt-try ng
mga examples na nasa
modules para ma-practice,
ganon.”
4 “Sakin binabalikan ko yung Review, Asking Self/Group Review
mga nadiscuss na topic or for help
nagchecheck uli sa
module or minsan
nagpapatulong sa mga
classmates para mas
maintindihan yung topic.”
9 “Hmm, reviewing the past Review, load
topics siguro? Tsaka
buying load for data
connection in case na ano,
nawawalan ng internet
connection.”
10 “Uhm, I attend the online Attend classes
classes na lang even
though nahihirapan ako
laughs Kasi uhm, I don’t
think I have a choice din
84
naman but to attend the

classes kahit struggling
ako with my internet
connection madalas.”
12 “Halimbawa di ako Asking for help,
nakapa-kinig nagta-try ako Youtube
magtulong sa mga
kaibigan ko na mas
negegets nila yung lesson
or mga napakinig tapos
kapag di ko naman alam
gumagamit ako ng
youtube, ganun.”
13 “Uhm ano, parang mas Exert more
mage exert ka lang effort effort
ganun na mag aral at
tsaka intindihin yung mga
lessons ganun ayun.”
14 “Siguro mas kailangan mo Extra effort
magbigay ng extra effort
tsaka time na aralin pa
yung mga lesson na pinag
aralan thru online.”
15 “Yun nga parang need mo Self study,
mag effort pa lalo tulad ng effort, watch
self study at panonood sa video
recorded video kung
meron man.”
2 “Nag improve naman sya Improved Coping Strategies on

dahil dun sa mga ginawa Improving General
ko noon, dati kasi siguro Mathematics
85
mababa lang nakukuha ko Performance

noon, nag improve naman
sya kasi minsan mga 2
nalang mali ko ganon,
nakakasabay naman na
ko.”
4 “Malaking tulong sakin Huge help
yung meron kang guide sa
module tsaka yung tulong
ng mga kaklase para mas
maintindihan yung topic sa
gen math.”
5 “Malaking tulong sakin Huge help
yung panonood ng lesson
sa math kasi kahit
papaano nakakahabol ako
kahit konti.”
11 “Uhm pano na improve Improved
kung baga sa pag gawa ko
nun mas na lilinang ko
yung pag sosolve ko sa
problems, ah kung baga
dahil mas na uulit ulit yung
pag try mo ng pag try mag
solve mas mafa familiarize
kana kung paano isolve
yung about sa topic na
iyon.”
12 “In terms naman sa mga Effective
strategies na ginawa ko
nagging effective siya kasi
di naman ako bumagsak
86
sa, okay naman grades

ko.”
13 “Syempre kapag Improved
nageexert ng effort
nagkaka develop mo yung
self ano, self study ganun
so syempre nai improve
naman na mas
maintindihan mo yung
inaaral mo.”
14 “Okay naman kumbaga Able to catch
nakakasabay ako sa up
online class kahit mahirap
intindihin nagagawan
naman ng paraan.”
15 “Syempre mas ok kasi Higher grades
mas mataas yung grade
na makukuha mo pag nag
self study ka or nag ask ka
sa mga kaklase mo na
mas may idea sa topic
kesa sayo.”
Students’ Recommendations and Realizations in Learning General

Mathematics Online
4 “Siguro yung magprovide Professor, Recorded Discussions
din yung prof ng mga
87
recorded videos ng recorded videos

explanation ng mga
topics lalo na sa math
kasi madami din yung
mga students na hirap
intindihin agad yung math
lalo na kung hindi
detailed yung
explanation.”
13 “Ano yung pinaka nakikita Professor, pre-
kong effective na way recorded videos
yung ano kagaya ng
ginagawa ng atin isang
prof na nirerecord na niya
ahead yung mga videos
ng mas malinaw, kasi
kapag mismong ano eh,
mismong meet kung wari
minsan naglalag ganun
so hindi siya naiintindihan
lagi so mas maganda
yung recorded na
advance so makikita mo
ng malinaw yung screen,
yung sinusulat ganun
naririnig mo yung audio
ng maayos ganun so
siguro yun yung mas
magandang gawin yung
recorded na yung klase.”
14 “Siguro kagaya ng Recorded
ginagawa ng ilang mga discussions
88
prof palagay ko yung

pinaka effective yung
pagre-record ng mga
lessons kasi dun pwede
mo ulit-ulitin yung mga
lessons na hirap ka
intindihin.”
15 “Sana laging meron Recorded video
recorded video ng mga discussion
topic and sana laging
ibigay ng mas maaga
para mas maaga maaral
ng mga students.”
3` “Meron po tayong Self study, Unified
dalawang way para general Student
matulungan po natin yung mathematics, Efforts
sarili natin pagdating sa collaborate
gen math sa online class
it either mag self study or
palibutan yung sarili natin
ng mga taong
makakatulong satin.”
5 “Para sakin yung Asking for help,
pagtatanong sa mga self study
kaklase mo nung mga
lessons and isa pa yung
self study, balik-balikan
mo yung mga lessons
ganon.”
6 “Hmm I would say siguro, Study groups
yung ano, suggestion ko
ay Study groups, sa
89
zoom or personal kung

kaya, ganon. Because
super helpful siya,
promise.”
7 “Hmm advice? Ano nga Time
ba? hmm ano, siguro managements,
setting a definite time for recorded
activities would push discussions,
students to actually, ano,
do their work. Tapos
uhmm, Instructors should
provide lectures
themselves rather than
send links of videos.
Tsaka ano din pala, uhm,
setting a time for learning
and resting/playing
properly and accordingly
para ma-ano, ma-
maximize yung time
efficiently and effectively.”
8 “Una siguro is uhm, Practice
answering practice solving, ask
problem sets. Tapos uhh, questions
try to look for other
resources like books or
tutorial videos. And most
importantly, ask
questions din talaga to
your professors and
interacts with your
classmates.”
90
9 “Una siguro is uhm, Practice

answering practice problem
problem sets. Tapos uhh, solving, other
try to look for other sources,
resources like books or interact with
tutorial videos. And most students and
importantly, ask teachers
questions din talaga to
your professors and
interacts with your
classmates.”
10 “For me, listen well and Ask for teacher,
syempre if you don't study
understand the lesson
ask for the teacher.”
2 “Mahirap na nga sya sa Difficult, face Students’ Realizations
face to face mas mahirap to face classes on Learning General
pa sya lalo na sa online over online Mathematics Online
class tsaka isa pa is classes
parang ayoko na bumalik
pa sa online class kasi
parang natake advantage
mo yung kung gaano
kadali matuto nung face
to face.”
4 “Hindi sya ganon kadali Difficult,
lalo na kung mathematics challenges,
yung subject lalo na kung strategies and
may mga challenges or efforts
distractions sayo habang
nag aaral sa online class
kaya kailangan din yung
91
strategies mo and
kailangan ng mas effort
sa pag aaral.”
5 “Para sakin mahirap kasi Difficult, slow
mahirap pag aralan yung internet,lag
gen math sa online kasi
maraming factors eh
tulad ng internet na
nagbabagal at minsan
naglalag sa discussion at
naglalag yung
presentation ng prof kaya
di mo maintindihan.”
8 “Ano siguro, it is nice to Learning pace
learn on your own and at
your own pace. Pero it is
more effective pa rin
talaga if someone is
actively teaching you.”
11 “Ah realization, satin oh More difficult
sa amin mga estudyante for both
mas nagging kung baga student and
mahirap na mas teacher
nahirapan pa yung
pagaral mo nga and at
the same time para din
nga sa mga profs for sure
sila din naman
nahihirapan din sa
pagtuturo so parang
parehas or both side
nahihirapan sa online
92
learning ng pagtuturo ng
math.”
13 “Yung kapag math kasi More difficult
diba madalas talaga in online
mahirap so kapag online class, math
mas nagiging mas
mahirap pa siya na
intindihin ayun kaya mas
dapat na maging effective
yung way pagtuturo.”
14 “Siguro sa online mas More difficult
lalong napahirap yung in online
subject natin na math classes
kasi sa face to face
palang mahirap na eh so
pano pa kaya yung nasa
online.”
93

Effects of Online Learning

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Effects of Online Learning

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Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

EFFECTS OF ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN

The Faculty of the

Institute of Engineering and Technology

THIS UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ENTITLED EFFECTS OF

ENGR. RAYMOND NIÑO T. MIRANDA

APPROVED BY THE RESEARCH PANEL OF EXAMINERS WITH A

PROF. FELIX L. ALEGADO MR.JEFFERSON C. CLARIZA, MEAM

ENGR. JUSTINE S. ROMAN

ACCEPTED AND APPROVED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

ASST. PROF. KEVIN C. VALENZUELA, MEAM

The researchers express their sincerest gratitude for the unwavering

T. Miranda, and thesis professor, Ma’am Ludivina Cunanan, together with

betterment of this paper. Without these professionals’ guidance and insightful

researchers to accomplish a successful study like this.

The researchers will be forever indebted to the participants for

agreeing to share their perceptions. Their cooperation and testimonies are an

outstanding contribution and the core foundation of this study.

To their parents, who never doubted but instead unceasingly supported

mere presence became the researchers’ source of encouragement and

researchers genuinely thank everyone for making this thesis a meaningful

Chapter I: The Problem and Its Settings

Chapter II: Materials and Methods

Chapter III: Results and Discussions…………………………………...15

Chapter IV: Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study…………………………….…………..8

APPENDIX A Request Letter for Conducting Survey…....58

In 2020, COVID-19’s impact had influenced almost every aspect of life,

In response to quarantines and lockdowns, several nations have come

Online learning or E-learning occurs via Powerpoint presentations,

E-learning enables the reduced cost of education while enhancing the

quality of giving instruction and learning (Songkram, 2015). In addition, online

allows the students to attend sessions of classes wherever they are

(Songkram et al., 2015)To ability to understand, solve models, design

mathematical models, and interpret the models obtained is one of the

objectives in learning mathematics (Wardhani, 2008).

In the Philippines, the challenges of online classes study revealed a

conflict regarding the strength of internet connections among Filipino students

(Santos, 2020). Due to the circumstances caused by the pandemic, all

educational institutions resorted to distanced learning, considering the factors

of weak internet connections increasing weak internet consumption, thus,

hindering students from effective online learning. For instance, a cross-

sectional study conducted in the country dealing a report of survey findings

that shows a struggle among Filipino students adjusting or adapting to new

learning methods and the lack of access to reliable internet respectively

access (Baticulonetal., 2020).

Lack of technological knowledge and lack of ability to engage in digital

learning also creates a ripple towards effective communication with teachers it

learning modality of the real-time exchanging of knowledge, information, and

ideas (Britt, 2006). A reduction in academic performance and lack of student

person courses. There must be engagement in which learning methods and

the effectiveness of faculty and student interactions elements must have a

strong correlation (Dumford& Miller, 2018).

In mathematics performance, students believe that they will perform

worse in arithmetic in an online course than in a face-to-face setting,

according to student perception before their grades. At the end of the