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JogJogodob 309%. 45 abgarobsyro gsdmiyndob boogdmho qgergds gyrgmgbob grdmd3gdere ngghboob* First published by Verso 1983 This revised and extended edition published by Verso 1991 Eighth impression 1998 © Benedict Anderson. 1983, 1991 All rights reserved Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London WIV 3HR USA: 180 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014-4606 ISBN 0-86091-329-5 ISBN 0-86091-546-8 (Pbk) FogGo godnggdye209 “gabgGoee9Go ygGedab -qboggGbogg IsMgilbhyeerdone IGey'Jyob” (CEU Translation Proj boggy. — yorkwols OSE — Zug, d.yw0330 | Loegoeegdos abhangqgob gollndgydegodob _ysbqo00e gabameb (CPD), yeibeob “eos badmgowogds — ba hatoy (OSGF) bergosee Hogmpdoos IbomwogqGob IGmsGod (SSSP) eo bogodmdyydeyer-Ioohy@yerBorne Ierg,Hadobs ( qoboblyo byeeIgFyordoo The edition was published with the support of the “Cen! 4p European University Translation Project”, sponsored by ~ ~ OSI-Zug Foundation and with the contribution of > € k uv Center for Publishing Development of the Open Soci G% » Institute-Budapest. 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BILS38SL0 Bgg6, momgdab IyyaREggg~a, somgymra GZragegdgdob IMAGerNG gee IsM{bobdobs Qs AAJlazee Amdhserdsors AVGrGasda. 38 Aeog gbbyyowgdje oGGgsgub odbsbry%qdb spbeegho mdgdo 3096 693b, yodsyfosbs gs Kooga Bmeols, sd MBL JGo, 6-333 ArgenafighBo Jyrdh AbAgQL gogorejom Goyeogdo SHog00 Aoqdeerwsor, gosgtig Labberabeyzab gobsdsGorregdeose Ast flo'bdob aymbayma Shaya Igdals ImBggmagdas Bhar Ayogeomdgdb. alge Amgeagh Pb, Gemgm@pPBoy3 age 1969G. Rabyor-badJor0rs yogdoro’s Ajosdsegryma Usbsbegzaom yoReasho, gqge9sboob (1953), 1979G. ax6394Fo gag5sdob Boyes PRWBRsBo Qs Bobo my¥739G02 FoMImsegq6es 3oGggQe0 goearrsbIhsd06 Uessbesth neo db, Gemagmoy, ysb6sberH(oges WMnds g3merq_gogysIs — IsGJbabSymds Gggo9Is Igmeab 15Fobssmaregg,! 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Apodeagds 3063 —IAFSyEyyevo ayo’ aBsBo, Hera, yhor FBggbag% Rh, oNZrbGIZO9 WS sm~ds6qO bymPIMoye dngsb 96 gosbomgdg6? gogo ag6gd5, org omdmbogeagn gzamdob Wbgreobbgs RITBIM, GrBePo MsdmbePH Forge Boab gsbeggbsb boyqoso ByMMBrGoogs6, goongoerabGFabyIq6, Ged 1945 Fows6 Vsbgyrers KoMgdo BlerrerySye godmHoybsgn6y6 GJlabSyeo Sgyndgdb Inco, Bgoshsegoger yrByeangihgdb vB Gqgoebd3o. sbgon AobsbAgdgda BL -ybgsdqb 08 qo4hb, Ged ageney Abergenae edo Byekeqg, yrggmo FoAdgoyero Gqgrery30s osgobs arsgh ghegbignoo whyAdo6q00 o8jgareqdes — Bobynal bsbsgebeo KybIP0ys, 7o9GHIob Wergosmobsytin GgbIgderayo es 0.8. — L. gh gomdgmatigds BQOh7yE03 Tbermene o8oGod, Hd yoMsagds Gdmeab BVIGRBUS «eo boea'by goqedsbgomna. ob 3 obsbsgh Iobae Seoeoepiob Foyg6qdb. goyggWGrdns msgows6 stayoreadmag, Igboderms LagoGer SQBoRQgd Bale seQostyBo, Ho8 1978G. weyJgRGob oog@obbIab Usdsdog odge Bgootampdigeer Bgeho498s, GmBgeoy aha Ggymerygegtia Imdésedabs FoABrBsaggiger IsHGobsBl Inhob Imbes. sebaI-yjeo Aggmeayoryto BndGserdgbo yo Usoaggh goyorgron seq. 1971 Freagsé omgdg6. 19775. sMoggal Igseqg Lbarbagtio ayoFgVo, Gyros oBogossags ydoraergials AbeaWé Angongs, es HOB}EMs aaseronl "W839 Bdsdg’ 09(5 699.9933, Berdoos es grjpbgdam Wssdsre gsobsge, Boge 1977G. seyjgBqeBo, Bngs Bosgsha gaghb®qyho wogQsbbIs goEbmAQog~ns, sQbodiymds BergeogbydIs_ yyRA6sy309b Boomfagh. oyAgs, BuybBdyRe yhoggdqdocgo6 26g m0 26 obabsyQs BoBGae IbGab Gygodgbob ~sdbmBsb 36 awe GahinGeGogVab ggQIgos’. sy RsAqdab HsmQxfirads Byyemgerws 1978G. RAIIBINT asHyGILor Gomegimdsb, mBob Bobgbyims6 es39g80%ghoo» grdnanJagmo InbsdMpRqbo ByedaGagbono Lareybyhoa sab Kdrysrrodqdyro Ubyscgabbys Windg’Go. gh BAmdgdos: Stephen P. Heder, “The Kampuchean- Vietnamese Conflict’, David W. P. Elliott ed.,“The Third Indochina Conflict”, 33. 21-67, Anthony Barnett, ‘Inter-Communist Conflicts and Vietnam’, Bulletin of Concemed Asian Scholars, U:4 (October-December 1979), a3. 2-9; Laura Sammers, ‘In Matters of War and Socialism Anthony Barnet would Shame and Honour Kampuchea Too Much’, oggq, 3. 10-18et ON ag 2 sbyoo JPgeqhon ABsoyge aegsdes |gbgb a3 SghoGesoger 9 — UEOAsE7YH WaZhQQ8o, AmIgmog Bg3yg0QHgrd0m Hg3M@pGo@RI~A FoSb-ymogss Asmbes oepd-ymo. sdols Wwowabsomeg, ab qaJiho, Gnd lads ysgdoHo wage Sais shyma’s Rs FAgommyn oGerobeank IgqGograma Ledggel Igsgbore Jggg6ob LobyeoFegdsdo 36 smboAagb yhemg6gdsb, ggohgq6q3b, Ged gh 33396 Bsyambsmobdob gshyGsdeg sly yea Iggbesdgbg Us-ygfoab QabsbGoyho Wlgyer@BFagegbob BpBzgo—mGgqso ws ergesdgg ng, Loggabalr ab&gHbsgombomgso Lsbogswngdab FobsdmGdqe0(32 9693 IMWI_O Logbgsom Amorseo03, Gyo sgb«eyBb, Gd ‘Ash Pah§ yer IndhomdVbs Ls lobyrrAfogeng’ adgor Ioxw@rg yorngo 2H BHO GeMBo, sodj~ BoGssGbonsy ysbobys gHnghgero, 3.4. 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II n’y a pas en France dix familles qui puissent fournir la preuve d'une origine franque...” (“ynggeo g%5g0 ngommogab oy 339 RogoFypsyre ORs aymb IsGaeomdgh ody. agyodyeq Lag 3 98930 VsdbAgO Laghsb6gqnBo AMbQoho brygo-gghs. bogysabgqndo 36 ImadgbBs soa mysbay yo, Hmdgmay Iydmghes wsd_aGzougaro Ledgoab FsGInggqQ6b, 63 FaGdmImdom geabyoo"). 11, Emest Gellner, “Thought and Change”, ag. 169. ymagbgstgdob maaogom. 2239096.!2 yoorbgoy “306 stabs ySsqa X?’, ErGdoergtia Sobgybo ofBQdrega “sh> sGobihogGohaob GagGo", shsdge “X-ob romeo", “QoMn6 Y-ob ods 96 “IHymao Z-ob yevag6Go". 969 GoHImbsbymos, AmgmGy 3sGg3q7~ y9%3er940 Berfyg ger Borgrghs 9as6_ yggevoy Low JHU, Jo, Hemdgroors Borbsbegeds Boeoseelyyy o@gAHQs 93490 Asthaapros ymoboryeo, Byg%33 Laghydoo 3944373~0 babexzhpdo, Heagmor dows Ubgs gHg80 Vbeed 6. 963 goo ho 3 HZmab, Hm ob Igsgb PEGI’ Lbzs — MIG’) FoGImIowgzg6jeo%. ygqro'g Aglos6as, GyombsoakSPbs;3 yo 6 waghoBIpBso erg, Gereeqhsys SQ0deGn3 Yyg~s Gabab FsImdseayiyra Jor yrengbgdb Aooggds, aby, Grant go@ggaree prose JOobGosbyo y6ydmdeb6g6 bsyoggmaser JOobgas6-yer Sers6y G3. 300 Gohdmbsbymns, Geng; Lagggbyero q_yBMIg60, Hasceqs6 {Ha 46939 ohb~@s 03 Ighamedo, Gmys gobIboompords «es Aggmerygos GoegyeQesys agrAgJoymo wobsbGorya bsdggers MgMIVGoga@ GROVE mAZAGodyHrdob. ysyrbGoedal abyhertoob Wodfogo’ babsdo, Amys Gpobdogho Vsynggmose Ageeagoob 39@9%q_gHog-7—0 IodegZG]d0(3 yor Boma pohobIomeggderce6y6 Mga Ggmogay JeryHseroBIL wo smdmGyowI Gare gyre BFAQ6IM9 MEG MrMogZo_h Inobrggdbs go HyQsoGmGoge ByGongdsb Insab, gagdo yGperBebyB orsgobrygegs'by I or0\s I_wAg}~edon. 93 — Mogol-yRegdob bGabesmo yo, yd Wygq%gByeor bobgerdFoyer ager. 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FMsAQOYR HyeVaZoye Ibergerdbymggevordsors BMgAngamo, GmarGoyss FRgrbyge, IJaJorea yozobyq%o, eryxo Boyolggtio Qs Erybo, Fsdrgaqds Lagmogaes6 ws Ifgbs%g bdo wobFnJl Bsgogs LoGyggdb: Borgosrgmds, MoGlgds, ‘Yaqgs6s!” 2. “Bgda debs GgBo [agmds0 sdg6nggerab Bgbsbgd] bogdore Qoga bbab Fo6, IAdeeab aye Rsdoysmades eo smamabenegl Bgggrams. asdo6sy gagmowo ws sbergy B03sR6n3, Gd ab Bkrgmomb y4a-Jhmo YyjnromIrBagegbo qog7s9, 69 26 goGnbsbmg@gds Bdrm eo Sbgreawe LsdbgeKe agobgdgdam, ogo sdobosbogg, ghm-yma yggmrabg Bgydmoeragayss [Sic]... ogo abmmoo’ Wy_OAob FoMdnsegn6l eo BGogsb—eqean Iorbogwo IGGoorgoraobs [sic] Vogyamgher Asgsmranab grdnbsqergd9s. ob gyyorg6ab Bnsdndagevrdsbs es asgzabygmydobs Qs BdeQjoRPMmdob IGabyorgdob Jo~esgqd0b agambsdaobaa, ardsgogga maedob mamgtins. dogg aagoba goebgdgdoos 29 BoeFyagsom, ago gyymgGab sFAyob wa, o8egbare, Rygha bsgnartgBov...” Douglas MacArthur, “Duty, Honour, Country”, Address to the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, May 12, 1962, §og68a “Soldier Speaks”, a3. 354 seo 357. 26Robydse godegds Boomgorem’ Asaa abGyMigho sesdosbob, LsdysienBo Bobo segocwabs Qo Gbg%gdob JaSeBanedabssgdo. (Agmogoyiia Ibergrdbjegncemds — yBRs gabgsbbgsgma 09 Germolgs6, Grdgmbs ob sbergeegd gomggqye grshobyryee Vok}{d2.03 wo gAbI~RBsQaok \eGsns ~oys6bgdBo). soggmmdon Lbgsesbbgs Legosmegys geMdsgasda dye@obdob, JobGosErBabs ory obeesdab gseo@hyG sabpedob 1000-Geremgs6o AbGereook Asbdory'sy yhenagoHoe SFr 7PU sxesdos6ryho Hs6yegob Vaddodab — sgomdgmqmrdals, estsboRAgdab, geomgob, obsgabs «eo Laygeomab Iylsbyd gos ygaQme FHHImbsbyVab sbgedob. A959 goqPbrQ0 3683? Gogherdss Bodo Logagngher Aggmasio AstommopPrye00? Gods Bgdo Joea'dgzora gebydMagore KdrARgbarva? yorggeragy sda sBLBSb GRarredg6 Gymagogso. gabbyob yggers sHbydyer0 BIUVIGOIA/JOmgA@gl|mo LGamab wae Labrybyhge, I JbabJab Bacrgeoan, dohbyy e203 ob, Ged sugar yoobyydy Isb-ybo yrggerargol AyyyBoagdgeo —radamwas. sdagq wQGeab, Ggmagoyso sGergbgds BOLbyoggh|msIe bUGob yyymogBob ~ 39 Igeryboms es oeyBseoghoor Amyy_e GyHm8QL, GeIgmogy IgwobGg@sb Ahoga-yer Imgershore (js, ensgees3aergzmo Goreggs £29 9:8.) odgggl. saga, oByhy%ghols 3. 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