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STARTING SYSTEM

Before gas turbine can be fire and started it must be rotate or crank by the accessory equipment.
This is accomplished by a starting engine, operating through torque converter to provide the cranking
torque required by the turbine for start up.

Starting component systems include:

The starting engine, torque converter with ratcheting mechanism, starting jaw clutch and hydraulic
ratchet system.
In addition there are several supplementary components required for sequencing and operation of
the turbine starting system. These are included in the descriptive system text that follows.
During starting sequence, the gas turbine is driven through the accessory gear by starting engine,
torque converter, output gear and the starting clutch.
The starting clutch assembly and the engagement cylinders are mounted on the accessory gear
assembly.
The accessory gear is permanently coupled to the turbine compressor shaft by cloupling.The
accessory gear drives the main lube oil pump, main hydraulic supply pump, cooling water pump (and
when the liquid fuel is used, the atomizing air compressor and the main fuel pump).
DIESEL ENGINE
When operating, the diesel engine draws combustion air from the accessory compartment through
a filter into turbocharger inlets. Air damper, locate downstream of the turbo-chargers, are equipped with
manual emergency shutdown latch
Engine coolant is drawn from the gas turbine cooling water system tank located on the accessory
compartment roof. The flow rate is control by thermostats on the engine.
The engine operates on a completely self contained lube oil system. Lube oil pressure can be read
on panel mounted pressure gauge and is monitor by pressure switch 63QD.
A fuel tank has been fabricated in the turbine base. Refilling of this tank is a manual operation.
An engine driven, high lift pump draw fuel from the tank and pump it through a filter to the
canister mounted on the side of engine. The main fuel pumps draws fuel from the canister and pump it
through a filter and into the injector headers. Each fuel injector draws a required amount of fuel from the
headers, while the excess fuel (used to cool the injectors) is returned to the canister and through the
overflow drain, back to the tank. There is a manual “priming” pump installed in parallel with the high
lift pump.
CAUTION: Attempting to “prime “the engine fuel system by cranking the engine can seriously
affected the life of the engine starter.
The cooling water diesel temperature alarm 26DW switches open when the temperature rises
above 93oC and alarm diesel engine cooling water temperature high.

DIESEL ENGINE CONTROL

The basic control elements include starter, speed control system, stop mechanism, and electronic
logic in the gas turbine control panel for unattended, automatic protection and control.
Engine starter 88DS is the direct current that engages with the engine through a Bendix drive.
Engine speed is controlled by the positioning of a lever on the variable speed governor. The
positioner is a hydraulic cylinder controlled by solenoid valves 20DA-1 and 20DA-2. A small engine
driven pump, pressure limited by relief valve VR13, supplies a controlled flow rate of engine oil for
cylinder operation. When 20DA-2 is energized, the governor lever is driven to and a held at the
maximum speed position and when 20DA-2 is de-energized, the lever is return to the idle position
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Energizing 20DA-1 when the lever is any where between the end positions, stops the positioner
travel and holds the lever is any where between the end position ,stops the positioner travel and holds
the lever at the existing position (governing at an intermediate speed). This system allows control of gas
turbine cranking speed.
NOTE: Except under certain emergency conditions, the engine is only stopped with governor
lever in the idle position. Following an emergency shutdown ,the engine can be safely restart regardless
of governor lever position; but the operator has the option of manually resetting the lever before
attempting a restart.(Manually shift the 20DA-1 valve and pull the cylinder to the idle position).
The engine stop mechanism is an energized to stop rotary solenoid valve (20DV) connected to the
governor so as to pull the engine fuel racks to the zero fuel position. A screw driver slot in the top of the
solenoid rotor provides a mean of manual engine shutdown.
Electronic control provides automatic sequencing of 88DS; 20DA-1, 20DA-2 and 20DV for a
normal unit start up, for normal and emergency engine shut down and for exercising and/or test the
engine. To protect the system hard ware, the logic also monitors the starting clutch position (33CS), the
engine lube oil pressure (63QD) and the engine speed (77S) and ALARMS or ALARM/TRIPS as
necessary.
NOTE; The engine will operate at constant speed when the unit is between 2300 and 2700 rpm
during start up sequence. Routinely checking the engine speed in the unit speed range will provide good
check on engine performance level in that a persistent speed decrease of more than about 35 rpm from
the normal indicates a need to have engine serviced by a qualify mechanic.
Diesel engine operation
After the starting clutch is engaged, 88DS is energized to start the engine. The engine idle through
the warm up cycle and then 20DA-2 is energized to accelerate the engine to maximum speed for unit
break away (required assistance of the hydraulic ratchet). Following breakaway, 20DA-2 is de-energized
to decelerate the engine to approximately 1900 rpm at which point 20DA-1 is energized to hold constant
engine speed until the gas turbine is sequenced through the end of warm up. Then 20 DA-1 is energized
and 20DA-2 energized to accelerate the engine back to maximum speed for acceleration the unit self
sustaining speed. At a unit speed of about 3100 and 3200 rpm, the clutch automatically disengages and
20DA-2 is de-energized. The engine return to idle speed, Idle through a cool down period, and stop
20DV is energized for several second.
NOTE: Solenoid valve 20DA-1 and 20DA-2 are equipped with manual operated(pushbuttons in
the end of the solenoid)

SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
20 DA-1 Diesel engine accelerating solenoid 3 way valve.
20 DA-2 Diesel engine accelerating solenoid 4 way valve.
20DV Diesel engine stop solenoid valve
26 DW Cooling water diesel temperature alarm
43 DE Diesel engine control switch.
63QD Diesel engine lube oil pressure switch
77S Starting device magnetic pick up speed
88DS Diesel (starting) engine starter.
CS 1 Starting jaw clutch
HM 1 Torque converter and reversing gear.
SMD Diesel engine
VR 13 Diesel throttle control pressure relief valve.
VR 23 Torque converter charge pump pressure relief valve.
VPR 38 Torque converter charge pump primer valve.
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SEQUENCE OF DIESEL ENGINE & TURBINE START UP

Accelerate to
At crank speed turbine
Purge 300 second sustaining
Fire and warm up speed 20DA-2
Turbine breakaway 20DA-1 Energized
20DA-2 Energized Diesel Cool
down before
diesel shut
down 20DV
Warm up 20DV

Engine stop
Engine stop
SEQUENCE OF DIESEL ENGINE

FULL SPEED

Accelerate to FSNL

14HM P/U purge,

Fire and warm up
Turbine
breakaway

Ratchet

SEQUENCE OF TURBINE START UP

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EQUIPMENT FUNCTION
DIESEL ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM

The diesel engine is an internal combustion power unit, in which the heat of fuel is converted into
work in the cylinder of the engine.
In the diesel engine, air alone is compressed in the cylinder; then, after the air has been
compressed, a charge of fuel is sprayed into the cylinder and ignition is accomplished by the heat of
compression.
Each engine is equipped with an oil cooler, replaceable element type lubricating oil filter, fuel oil
strainer, fuel oil filter, and air cleaner or silencer, a governor, and starting motor
Full pressure lubrication supply to all main bearing, connecting rod bearing and to the other
moving parts.
Oil is draw by suction from the oil pan through the intake screen and pipe to the oil pump where it
is pressurized and delivered to the oil filter and oil cooler. From the oil cooler, the oil enters the oil
galleries in the cylinder block and cylinder head for distribution to the main bearings, rocker arm
mechanism and other function parts.
Coolant is circulated through the engine by a centrifugal type water pump. Heat is removed from
the coolant, which circulates in closed system; Control of the engine temperature is accomplished by
thermostats that regulate the flow of the coolant within the cooling system
Fuel is draw from the supply tank through the fuel strainer and enters a gear type fuel pump at the
inlet side. Upon leaving the pump under pressure the fuel is force through fuel pipe into the inlet side of
fuel injector and then atomized through small spray trip orifices into the combustion chamber. Excess
fuel is return to the fuel tank through the fuel outlet galleried and connecting lines.
Air for scavenging and combustion is supplied by a blower(s) which pump air into the engine
cylinders via the air box and cylinder liner ports. All air entering the blower(s) first pass through an air
cleaner or silencer.
Engine starting is provided by an electric starting system. The electric starting motor is energized
by a storage battery.
The engine speed is regulated by a mechanical or hydraulic type engine governor, depending
upon the engine application.

Starting motor (88 DS)

A 125 VDC. Motor installed at diesel
engine to rotate diesel engine for
compressed air in the cylinder and drive
the accessory equipment which
necessary to start such as fuel system.
When diesel engine have signal run
permissive (Start up ,clutch engage and
turbine zero speed) diesel starting motor
will energize to start diesel engine until
reach 5 second delay time or diesel
speed more than 19.7%(app455 rpm)
diesel starting motor will be stopped.
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Diesel engine stop solenoid.(20DV)

20DV This solenoid use to close or open fuel oil to
diesel engine. When solenoid valve de-energize it
open fuel to combustor when solenoid valve
energized it close the fuel. When Mark V has
command to start and diesel engine has
permissive to start solenoid valve will be de-
energized to open the fuel to combustor. After
diesel engine has stop command solenoid valve
will be energized (30 second) to close fuel to
combustion to stop the engine. After delay time
30 second solenoid valve will be de-energized
again. When diesel warm up cycle this solenoid
vale has been used for warm up period.

Diesel engine accelerating solenoid 4 way

20DA-1 (20DA-2)
This solenoid vale work 2 times when turbine
start up. The first time after diesel warm up
completed, solenoid valve 20DA-2 will energize
to accelerate diesel speed to bring turbine speed
breakaway after turbine speed more than 0.31 %(
16 rpm.) 20DA-2 will be de-energized to de-
celerate speed to purge and fire. The second, it
used for accelerate the turbine to sustain speed
after turbine warm up completed 20DA-2 will be
energized again to accelerate turbine until clutch
disengage 20DA-2 will be de-energize to warm up
diesel engine before shutdown.

Diesel engine accelerating solenoid 3 way

20DA-2 (20DA-1)
Solenoid 20DA-1 energized after turbine
breakaway to hold speed of turbine at minimum
firing speed (18% turbine speed approximate 920
rpm.) for combustion purging 300 second, firing
and turbine warm up timer. After firing, if flame
detector can detect flame more than 2 channels;
20 second later 20DA-1 will be de-energized and
20DA-2 energized to accelerate the turbine.
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26DW

Cooling water diesel temperature alarm (26DW)

Detected cooling water temperature of diesel
engine .If temperature more than 93 oC temperature
switch will be opened the contact to alarm diesel
engine cooling water temp high.

Diesel engine control switch (43DE)

Test switch used for testing the diesel engine
without coupling with turbine shaft. The diesel
engine can test run without load when ratchet
system not work or after turbine complete sequence.
When diesel engine test run no load, it is a good
practice to manual VM2 to disengage position.

Diesel engine lube oil pressure switch (63QD)

The pressures switch to detect diesel lube oil
to protect the machine from lube oil pressure low.
When the diesel running if lube oil pressure less
than 0.28 bars within 35 second diesel engine will
be stopped and alarm diesel lube oil pressure low.
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Starting device magnetic pickup speed (77S)

Detected diesel speed by magnetic pickup, and use in control
logic by compare with constant to be speed level pickup (L14P1,
L14P2, L14PR) for the sequence startup it use to check for diesel
engine run permissive before start diesel engine and check the speed
after diesel running within 35 second if diesel speed less than 19.7%
(app.453 rpm) diesel will be stopped by logic protection

Starting jaw clutch (CS1)

A starting clutch connects the output shaft of the torque converter assembly to the main shaft of
accessory gear. The clutch is engaged by hydraulic
cylinders (oil supplied from ratchet control valve
module) and disengaged by return spring in the
cylinders. Engagement is maintained by transmitted
Jaw torque generated in the torque converter and or ratchet
Clutch mechanism. The system is designed to maintain the
clutch in the engage position at all time except when the
gas turbine is running. To allow inspection and
maintenance of the clutch mechanism, manual valve
VM2 has been installed in the hydraulic lines between
the ratchet control module and the clutch cylinder. To
disengage the clutch, shift the valve and operate the
ratchet with the “jog” switch; the clutch will disengage
during the ratchet reset stroke.
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HM1 Torque converter and reversing gear (HM1)

Torque converter is the equipment which
transfers energy of prime mover by fluid flow and
pressure. The diesel drives the fluid by pump and
transfer energy to vane on torque converter.

VR13 Diesel throttle control pressure relief valve

(VR13)
It use for controlling pressure for governor
cylinder setting 2.4 bar.
Diesel Hyd
Diesel Hydraulic oil pump
Oil pump Boosting diesel lube oil pressure to use as
hydraulic oil for controlling hydraulic piston to
control amount of diesel fuel injection. Hydraulic
piston is controlled by 20DA-1 for purge and fire at
turbine minimum speed and 20DA-2 for increase
diesel speed for turbine acceleration.

VPR38

Torque converter charge pump priming and

pressure relief valve (VPR38 &VR23)
This equipment use for regulate lube oil
header pressure from 1.72 bar to 0.35 bar. The
purpose of this line is used for filling (prime) lube
VR oil to suction of torque converter pump.
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EQUIPMENT LOGIC
Starting device magnetic pick up speed 77S (PN)
Magnetic pick up for diesel engine 77S (Signal PN) to be used at
-SEQ_TRB4 3 TNXLATV1 SEQ_TRB1 4 L14TV1

-SEQ_TRB4 3 TNXLATV1
This algorithm use to change speed which is detected by magnetic speed pick up from % to rpm by
multiply diesel magnetic pickup speed (PN) by constant KPN_GAIN (23 rpm / %) .Operator can read
diesel speed by signal PN_RMP
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SEQ_TRB1 4 L14TV1 Speed logic sensing algorithm
The purpose of algorithm to compare speed sensing signal with constant to detect speed level for
controlling the start up sequence.
L14PR Starting device zero speed = “ 1 “ When diesel speed less than 0 %
= “ 0 “ When diesel speed more than 0.1 % (2.3 rpm)
L14P1 Starting device above min speed = “ 1 “ When diesel speed more than 19.7 %( 453 rpm)
= “ 0 “ When diesel speed less than 1.8 % (41.4 rpm)
L14P2 Starting device above cranking speed = “ 1 “ When diesel speed more than 90 %(2070 rpm)
= “ 0 “ When diesel speed less than 85 % (1955rpm)
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DIESEL ENGINE STARTER 88 DS (L4DS Master control diesel engine starter)

The diesel motor starter working when the first start up of diesel engine. When logic check diesel run
permissive (and start up command) 88DS will be run for 5 second for cranking the diesel to start. If
delay time 5 second out 88DS will be stopped. If diesel cannot start within 35 sec (diesel speed less than
450 rpm. Or diesel lubes oil pressure less than 0.62 bars) diesel will be stopped. For the next start
operator will wait until diesel speed less than 1.8 % 1 minute to permit for 88DS starting.
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DIESEL ENGINE STOP SOLENIOD 20DV (L4DEZ Diesel engine stop solenoid valve)

L4DEZ is the control signal for controlling the diesel engine stop solenoid valve. When solenoid
valve de-energized, the diesel fuel stop valve is opened but if the solenoid valve energized the diesel fuel
stop valve will be closed. From the logic L4DEZ when diesel engine run the solenoid valve will be de-
energized by signal L4DE (L4DE = 1 NC contact open).When diesel engine stop the signal L4DEZ
will energized 30 second to close diesel fuel stop valve after that it will return to de-energized by NC
contact of L4DEY (L4DEY = 1) to open diesel fuel stop valve.(Note: when diesel engine standby mode
this solenoid de-energized to open diesel stopvalve.It will be energized, when diesel engine running and
have shut down diesel engine command (It close only 30 seconds and re-open again :energized 30 sec
after that de-energized) See logic L4DEZ and L4DEY

GO TO 20DV
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DIESEL ENGINE ACCELERATING SOLENOID 4 WAY VALVE 20DA-2 (L20DAR1)
AND DIESEL ENGINE ACCELERATING SOLENOID 3 WAY VALVE 20DA- (L20DCS)

2ODA-2 this solenoid valve used to control the acceleration of diesel motor that is worked 2
times in starting cycle. The first time for turbine breakaway the second for acceleration after turbine
warm up 20 second.
- For the first time of energizing begin after signal for diesel warm up complete the
solenoid will energized to accelerate diesel speed to bring the turbine breakaway. When
the diesel speed detector detected diesel speed more than 90% solenoid will be de-
energized to reduce speed to minimum firing speed(hold speed by 20DA-1)
- For the second time of energizing; 20 second after flame detector detected flame in the
combustion chamber the solenoid valve 20DA-2 will be energized to bring speed the
turbine to sustaining speed. The solenoid valve will be de-energized when detected jaw
clutch disengage. See logic L20DAR1 L4DA

20DA-1 this solenoid valve used to hold speed for combustion purge time 5 min and firing time.
After flame detected 20 second this solenoid valve will be de-energized by signal L20DAR energized
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DIESEL ENGINE CONTROL SWITCH 43DE (L43DETS )

This switch provide for testing diesel engine while turbine running or starting clutch
solenoid not energized. In diesel test mode diesel engine can run idle speed only because the signal of
diesel engine test switch cut the circuit of 20DA-1 and 20DA-2 (by signal L4DA)

L43DETS to SEQ_TRB1 131.17 L4DA diesel accelerating auxiliary

In diesel test mode if operator select diesel test ,logic L43DETS become true make the contact
normally close of L43DETS open and effected to logic L4DA become false (Logic “0” or de-energized)
The signal L4DA use to cut the circuit of L20DAR that make logic L20DAR become false (“0”) .that
make the effect for the logic L20DAR1 for solenoid 20DA-2 will be de-energized while diesel test push
button is pressed .And signal L4DA cut the circuit of logic for solenoid 20DA-1 while diesel test mode
as well.
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L43DET to SEQ_TRB 1 131.3 L4DE diesel engine run permissive

While diesel engine selected in test mode the control must check signal clutch ratchet solenoid
not energized(not engage) or turbine must in complete sequence to make sure while testing diesel must
not coupling with turbine shaft. For testing L83DT_CMD selected in Mark V page Diesel test and
operator must push the push button 43DE (for signal L43DETS) the diesel engine will run as long as the
push button is pressed. This mode provide for exercise diesel engine incase of long time shut down or
test after maintenance finish job such as overhaul the diesel engine.

Diesel run permissive

L43DETS to SEQ_TRB 1 131.10 L48DSX Alarm 125 diesel failure to start

This signal goes to even counter for count start in normal start. The logic circuit use normally
close contact of L43DETS to confirm that diesel start not in test mode. .If operator start more than
constant setting K48DSX (9 times) make logic L48DSX become true logic (“1” or energize) and will
make alarm 123 “Starting device trip “ and alarm 125 “Diesel failure to start , for resetting the alarm use
master reset.
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L4DETS to SEQ_TRB 1 129.2 L4RP Ratchet permissive

If operators select diesel test switch L43DETS ratchet system will not permissive .IT is not permit to
engage jaw clutch and not permit to cooldown
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DIESEL ENGINE LUBE OIL PRESSURE 63QD (L63QDN Diesel lube oil pressure normal)
63QD Diesel lube oil pressure switch setting Increase > 0.62 bar contact close decrease < 0.28 bar
contact open CIM
Logic L63QDN logic true (“1”, Energize) when diesel lube oil pressure more than 0.62 bar
Logic L63QDN logic false (“0” De-energize) when diesel lube oil pressure less than 0.28 bar
This logic is used for detecting diesel lube oil pressure. After diesel start 35 second if diesels lube oil
pressure more than 0.62 bars and diesel speed more than 19.7% diesel engine can continues run. If diesel
speed more than 19.7% but diesel lube oil pressure less than 0.28 bar diesel will be stopped, and alarm
127 “Starting device lockout” See SEQ_TRB 1 Rung 131.3 L4DE and SEQ_TRB 1 Rung 131.23
L4DT
After diesel engine run more than 35 second if diesel lube oil pressure still low (less than 0.28 bar)
alarm 129 “diesel lube oil pressure low “ See SEQ_TRB 1 Rung 131.27 L63QDN_ALM
The signals from diesel lube oil pressure also used for diesel warm up. After diesel startup if Mark
detect the signal of diesel more than 19.7 % and diesel lube oil pressure more than 0.62 bar after that the
diesel engine warm up cycle will begin for warm up the engine 2 minute before accelerate. See
SEQ_TRB 1 Rung 131.12 L2DW
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COOLING WATER DIESEL TEMPERATURE ALARM 26DW (L26DW1H)

The temperature switch for cooling water temperature for diesel engine will open when cooling
water for diesel engine more than 93 oC go to contact input module card inverse. Then when
temperature more than 93oC signal L26DW1H become logic true (‘1” or energized).
When cooling water temperature for diesel engine more than 93oC alarm 130 “Diesel engine cooling
water temp high” will occur at Mark V.
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