NOTES:

● Most compounds contain carbon are classified as organic

○ E.g glucose (C6, H12, O6)
● All other substances are considered inorganic. Including NaCl, molecular compounds
such as NO2, and elemental substances (including diamond and graphite)
● Note: Simple carbon oxides (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide) are considered
inorganic.
● Ionic compounds
○ Cation (positive) - metal
○ Anion (negative) - non-metal
○ Name of metal is written normally.
○ Name of non-metal ends in “ide”
○ With transition metals, always indicate in roman numerals what the valency is.
● Polyatomic ions are named as a single unit.
● Classifying Matter
○ Pure substance - element or compound
○ Mixture - homogeneous mixture (uniform) or heterogeneous mixture
(composition varies)
● Solids, liquids and gases
○ Solids
■ Cannot be compressed
■ Holds own shape
○ Liquid
■ Cannot be compressed
■ Takes shape of container
○ Gas
■ Can be compressed
■ Fills container
● Physical Properties
○ Colour
○ Shape
○ Size
○ Density
○ Melting Point
○ Boiling Point
○ Malleability
○ Magnetism
○ Ductile
■ Physical change:
● Is where the physical properties of a substance change but the
chemical composition
● Remains the same.
● Chemical properties
 ○ Flammability
○ Reactivity with water
○ Acidity / alkalinity
■ Chemical change
● Atoms are rearranged to form a new substance
● E.g electrolysis of water turns it into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
● Separating mixtures
○ Magnetic separation
○ Sieving
○ Decanting
○ Filtration
○ Evaporation
○ Simple/fractional distillation
● Gravimetric analysis: percentage composition
○ % masss = mass of component in sample (g) / total mass of sample (g)
○ E.g. A 50g sample of seawater contains 1.25g of salt. 1.25/50 = 2.5% salt.
○