THE

COLLISION
THEORY
RATES OF .
CHEMICAL REACTION .
 LEARNING TOPICS
THE COLLISION THEORY
FACtORS AFFECTING REACTION RATES
CATALYSTS
 LEARNING TARGETS
● I can use simple collision theory to
explain the effects of concentration,
temperature, and particle size on the
rate of reaction. (S11/12PS-IIIf-23)
● I can define catalyst and describe how it
affects reaction rate. (S11/12PS-IIIf-24)
 CORE VALUES
OPTIMISM
● The learners will become confident of their
own skills, abilities, and potentials to grow.
MOTIVATION
● The learners will become prepared to
acquire knowledge and skills to achieve
their goals.
CONCEPT MAP
CHEMICAL REACTION

Catalysts Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

● Homogeneous Catalysts ● Nature of Reactants

● Heterogeneous Catalysts ● Concentration of Reactants
● Temperature of the System
● Exposed Surface Area
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What is the collision
theory and how can it
describe chemical
reactions?
 PRE -
SYNCHRONOUS
 GUIDE QUESTIONS
● What is Collision Theory?
● What are the factors that affect
the rate of reactions?
● How do these factors affect the
rate of reactions?
ENGAGE
DIRECTIONS: ANALYZE THE
GIVEN IMAGE AND GIVE SHARE
YOUR IDEA.
COLLISION
THEORY
 CHEMICAL KINETICS
● It is a branch of chemistry that deals with the
mechanism and rates of chemical reactions.
● It can describe reaction mechanisms that explain
how atoms or units of molecules combine to form
products.
● It can also identify the formation of reaction
intermediates that preliminarily form along the
reaction course but are used up before the
reaction is completely finished.
 THE COLLISION THEORY
● It is one of the first theories that explain reaction
mechanisms and reaction rates.
● The collision theory established how chemical
changes initiate.
● This theory was separately proposed by German
chemist, Max Trautz, and British physical chemist,
William Cudmore McCullagh Lewis, in 1916 and 1917,
respectively.
 THE COLLISION THEORY
According to the collision theory, a chemical
reaction can only occur when the following
conditions are met:
1. the molecules should collide in order to
react;
2. the collision of molecules should be in the
proper orientation; and
3. the colliding molecules should have enough
energy to react.
ORIENTATION REQUIREMENT

Incorrect orientation of nitrogen monoxide (NO) molecules

and ozone (O3) upon collision makes an unsuccessful reaction.
ORIENTATION REQUIREMENT

Correct orientation of nitrogen monoxide (NO) molecules

and ozone (O3) upon collision makes a successful reaction.
● Chemical reactions happen when molecules or
atoms undergo effective collisions.
● Endothermic reactions absorbs energy from the
surroundings. They are often associated with
bond breaking processes.
● Exothermic reactions releases energy to the
surroundings. They are often associated with
bond forming processes.
 FACTORS
AFFECTING
REACTION
RATES
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
● Nature of reactants
● Concentration of reactants
● Temperature
● Surface area of the reacting
molecules
The Effect of Nature of Reactants on Reaction Rates

● The nature of reactants mostly pertains

to the physical state of the reactants.
● Reactants more readily react with each
other when they are in the same phase or
are homogeneous.
● “Like dissolves like.”
● Most reactions involving ions tend to
occur faster than the reactions involving
covalent compounds.
The Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rates

● Concentration is the amount of substance per unit

volume.
● Molarity (M), or the number of moles of solute per
liter of solution (mol/L).

● The rate of reaction are usually directly proportional

to the reactants’ concentration; meaning, the
higher their concentration, the faster the speed
of reaction will be.
Effect of the increase in concentration in the rate of reaction
The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates
• Temperature is depends on the measure of the average
kinetic energy of the molecules.
• The higher the temperature of a certain substance, the
higher its average kinetic energy.
• Increased kinetic energy leads to faster molecular
movement, resulting to a higher frequency of collisions of
reactants.
The higher the temperature, the faster is the reaction.
The Effect of Surface Area on Reaction Rates
• The hydrogen molecules
can only react with
magnesium’s outer layer,
and since more reactants
are in the inner area, fewer
products are formed.

• The smaller lumps of

magnesium molecules for
the same amount of
sample had a faster
reaction with hydrogen.
CATALYSTS
Catalysts
• These are substances that influence a chemical
reaction without being consumed in the reaction.
• They can be used several times and can be
recovered since it does not change or participate
in the formation of the product of a chemical
reaction.
• Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway
for the process of bond breaking, resulting in
lower activation energy.
Homogeneous Catalysts
● They work by forming an intermediate
compound with the reactants.
● They are usually in the form of a gas or in a
contained single liquid phase.
● In a homogeneous reaction, the catalyst has the
same phase as the reactants.
○ Example: chlorofluorocarbons catalyzing the
breakdown of ozone molecules (O3) into
oxygen molecules
● all in gaseous form
Heterogeneous Catalysts
• They are usually in the form of a solid with
reactants that are liquids or gases.
• In a heterogeneous reaction, the catalyst has a
different phase with the reactants.
• Example: conversion of vegetable oils to margarine
• vegetable oils (liquid at room temperature)
converted into solid by raising the melting point
through adding hydrogen atoms to the molecule
(i.e., hydrogenation) in the presence of nickel.
 Autocatalysis
It is a process where the
chemical reaction is catalyzed by
one of its products.
Catalysis in the Industry
● One of the most important uses of
catalysts is observed in the chemical
industry.

● Most chemical products, about 85 to

90% of them, use catalysts for
production.
Catalysis in the Body
● The most common examples of catalysts can
be seen inside our body in the form of
enzymes.
● Enzymes are used to carry out reactions inside
the body.
● “lock and key” hypothesis
● Example:
○ complex sugar molecules broken down into
simpler sugars (e.g. glucose and fructose)
with the help of an enzyme (sucrase).
 TYPES OF
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
● Composition Reaction - C + O2 —> CO2
● Decomposition Reaction - CaCO3 —> CaO + CO2
● Single Displacement Reaction - 2 Al + 3 CuCl2 —> 2 AlCl3 + 3 Cu
● Double Displacement Reaction - 2HCl + MgCO3 —> MgCl2 + H2CO3
DIATOMIC MOLECULES
● Hydrogen - H2
● Oxygen - O2
● Nitrogen - N2
● Chlorine - Cl2
● Bromine - Br2
● Iodine - I2
● Fluorine - F2
PRACTICE
 REACTANT VS PRODUCT
● Magnesium + Oxygen —> Magnesium oxide

● Potassium chlorate + Heat —> Potassium chloride + Oxygen

● Phosphorus + Oxygen —> Tetraphosphorus decoxide

● Copper + Silver nitrate —> Copper (II) nitrate + Silver

 LEARNING TARGETS
● I can use simple collision theory to
explain the effects of concentration,
temperature, and particle size on the
rate of reaction. (S11/12PS-IIIf-23)
● I can define catalyst and describe how it
affects reaction rate. (S11/12PS-IIIf-24)
 CORE VALUES
OPTIMISM
● The learners will become confident of their
own skills, abilities, and potentials to grow.
MOTIVATION
● The learners will become prepared to
acquire knowledge and skills to achieve
their goals.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What is the collision
theory and how can it
describe chemical
reactions?