Types of Linux File Systems

➢ EXT
- In 1992, EXT, the first file system type created to support the Linux kernel, was put into use.
It supports file system partitions up to 2GB in size and has a length of 255 characters like the
original Extended File System. Sadly, Linux users have noticed a serious issue with
timestamping in the EXT file system.

➢ EXT2
- The EXT file system was replaced with the EXT2 file system for all Linux users in 1993. It kept
the internal organization, which made it possible to improve and expand the system's
features. There was no journaling support for EXT2 because to its 2TiB maximum file size
support. The two other main issues were file corruption and performance loss.

➢ EXT3
- The Extended File System family included the EXT3 file system type by the early 2000s.
Although it still has the same distinctive characteristics, this file system also offers journaling
to users. This file system was additionally created to guard against corruption and
performance loss at all costs.

➢ EXT4
- By the 2000s, the EXT3 file system type was introduced in the Extended File System family.
With this file system still in use, it features the same characteristic functionality; however, it
provides journaling to users. Along with that, this file system was designed to prevent
corruption and performance loss at all costs.

➢ XIAFS
- The Xiafs format, a rival to the EXT2 file system, was less capable and useful than the earlier
system. Xiafs, which has a 64MiB file size limit, is no longer supported by Linux OS and is not
in use anywhere.

➢ JFS (Journaled File System)

- This file system, developed by IBM, first appeared as an open-source choice in the 1990s.
This file system has been supplanted in the modern period by more reliable and superior
alternatives, despite its reputation for supporting numerous loads, which demonstrates
greater capability.

➢ ReiserFS
- This file system, developed by IBM, first appeared as an open-source choice in the 1990s.
This file system has been supplanted in the modern period by more reliable and superior
alternatives, despite its reputation for supporting numerous loads, which demonstrates
greater capability.
 ➢ XFS
- Having support for very large file systems, XFS was found to be one of the greatest file
systems ever created for the Linux operating system. Throughout the 1990s, XFS established
itself as a top-tier file system. It became evident that XFS runs in a better setting and
produces high-performance outcomes, which is why it is still maintained by Linux
distributions.

➢ SquashFS
- In 2000, SquashFS a read-only file system was released. This was discovered to be usable in
embedded devices, which limits it to a certain application. This specific form of file system
did not contain many things.

➢ Reiser4
- Reiser4 replaced the ReiserFS file system and is renowned for its effective use of storage
space. Large system files were supported, and by managing the small files, disk capacity was
maximized. For this file system, there are more encryptions available, along with improved
performance.

➢ BTRFS (Better/Butter/B-tree FS)

- This file system type is used for a very limited purpose. This file system had features for
drive pooling, online defragmentation, and snapshotting, but it was still not better for the
production system.

➢ Bcachefs
- It is the most recent form of file system made available for Linux systems. It was built to
outperform EXT4 thanks to copy-on-write capability. The file system has a number of
sophisticated features, such as filesystem encryption, etc. It's time to choose the ideal file
system type for Linux users now that we have a rough understanding of each Linux file
system type.

References:

E. (2023, February 6). Beginner’s Guide on Linux File System Types [Detailed Explanation].
EaseUS. https://www.easeus.com/computer-instruction/linux-file-system-type.html
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