Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 6

Lesson 1- GEOGRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC AND

ETHNIC DIMENSIONS OF THEs PHILIPPINE


LITERARY HISTORY

What is Literature?

 derived from the Latin term “littera” which means letter of the alphabet
 a body of written works.
 First and foremost, humankind’s entire body of writing; after that it is the body of writing
belonging to a given language or people; then it is individual pieces of writing.
 Allows a person to step back in time and learn about life on Earth from the ones who walked
before us.

Philippine Literature

 Shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and
short stories.

Literary History/Evolution of the Philippines

Pre-Spanish Period

 The evolution of the Philippine literature depends on the influences of colonization and the
spirit of the age.
 ALIBATA/BAYBAYIN- first Filipino alphabet was soon replaced by Roman Alphabet. Consisting of
3 vowels and 14 consonants.
 Philippines is an archipelago. It consists of several islands, (7,107 islands), and each of this island
has a unique cultures and traditions, bearing different set of native literature.
 Ancient literatures were written in a perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo cylinder,
jars, and bark of the trees.
 Literatures at this time were handed down to us orally.

2 literary forms during Pre-Spanish Period:


Written Literatures
1. Riddles or bugtong. These are effective ways to inculcate the ability of logical
thinking of a child.
2. Epigrams or Salawikain. It reflects the hidden meaning through the good lines. It
provides good values.
3. Poems or Tanaga. These are common forms of poetry which has quatrain with 7
syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line. It also expresses
insights and lesson in life.
4. Epics. Long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events
usually of a hero involving supernatural forces/phenomena.
 Biag ni Lam-ang -Ilokos
 Hudhod hi Aliguyon- Ifugaos
 Alim- Ifugaos
 Ibalon- Bicol
 Hadiong- Bicol
 Hinilawod-Bicol
 Maragtas- Visayan
 Haraya- Visayan
 Hari sa Bukid- Visayan
 Kumintang- Tagalog
 Bernardo Carpio- Tagalog
 Parang Sabir- Moro
 Darangan- Moro
 Indarapatra at Sulayman- Moro
 Dagoy- Tagbanua
 Sudsod – Tagbanua
 Tatuang- Bagobo
A. Oral literatures
1. Chant. It is used in witchcraft and enchantment. Ambahan is a traditional poetry of
Hanunoo Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro which teaches lesson about life. It is
recited by parents to educate their children by the youth expressing their love, by
the old to impart experiences, by the community in tribal ceremony.
2. Folk Songs. Oldest forms of Philippine Literature. This songs mirrored the early
forms of culture. Many of the have 12 syllables:
 Kundiman- songs of love/serenading songs
 Kumintang-war/battle songs
 Dalit-worship songs
 Oyayi/Hele- Lullaby songs
 Diana/ Danaya- wedding songs
 Soliraning-Laborer/workmen songs
 Talindaw-fisher/fishing songs

Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1897)

Sixteenth century was the start of the deprivation of the indigenous Philippine Literature. Spanish
colonial government finally got in the scene. They were able to manipulate literature by monopolizing it
under the religious orders. Literature revolved mainly on the themes of Spanish/European culture and of
course , the Roman Catholic religion.

Literary influences during Spanish colonization


 Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Cristiana was the first book ever printed in the Philippines in 1593
by the Dominican press.
 Libro de la Legua Tagala by Fernando Bagonbanta is a tagalog translations to the Spanish lines,
still with the superiority of the Spanish language.
 Pasyon is influenced by the Spanish contexts of Christianity.
 Recreational Plays: Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Zarzuela, Salubong, Embayoka, and Lagaylay

Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898)

In the 19th century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called Illustrados began to write about the
hitch of colonization.

 The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)- this movement was spearheaded mostly by the
intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Maria Panganiban and Pedro Paterno.
Rizal’s Writings: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo (introduce the rejection of Spanish rule),
Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre La Indolencia De los Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos.
 Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso by Marcelo H. Del Pilar expressed his rebellious writing style
and was identified.
 Patnubay sa Binyagan by Pascual Poblete; associated Filipino’s struggle for independence with
Jesus’ life.
 The narrative poems Awit and Corrido talked about world of royals, warriors, and lovers (the
basic concept in Florante and Laura)
 Komedya. Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura embodied the concept of colonization and
oppression which gave voice to their revolutionary action towards freedom.

The American Colonial Period (1898-1944)

 Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language. The
languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects from different region.
 Writers continued their lamentations on their conditions of the country and their attempts to
arouse love for one’s native tongue and imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.
 Zarzuela was overpowered by English drama.
 Jose Garcia Villa famous by his free verse
 Short story writer, Manuel Arguilla “A Son was Born,” one of the foundations of Philippine
literature.

The Japanese Colonial Period (1941-1945)

 Philippine Literature in English came halt. This led to all newspapers not to be circulated in the
community except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
 The dark period of Philippine literature in English.
 The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country,
love and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts.
 Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived; writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty
of life and the brave guerilla exploits.
 Three types of poems emerged:
1. Haiku, a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables
divided into three lines
2. Tanaga -like the Haiku, short, but it has measure and rhyme
3. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

The Contemporary Period (1946-Present)

Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)

 Liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and spirit” posed by the
emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.
 Literary writing in vernacular became popular.
 Writers had a better knowledge of their craft and enjoyed political activism.
1. Poetry
 When I See A Barong – Barong by Maximo Ramos
2. Short Story
 Plighted Word by Narciso G. Reyes
 Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos
 Cadaver by Alberto S. Florentino
 They Called It “Brotherhood” by Maximo V. Soliven
 Kwento Ni Mabuti by Genoveva Edroza

Period of Activism (1970-1972)

 The youth moved to seek reform.


 Writings were fueled with nationalism
 Youth were vocal with their sentiments . they demanded change in the government. It
was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk expressions and also in
literature. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paints equivalent of the word
MAKIBAKA.
 Bomba films started to come out to discredit our ways as Filipinos.

Period of the New Society (1972-1980)

 Started on September 21, 1972


 Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards
 Almost all themes dealt with the development and progress of the country—like Green
Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction, and
pollution.
 All school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with school organizations.
Poems
 Most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the
beauties of nature, and surroundings.
Plays
 Government led in reviving old plays and dramas, like the tagalog Zarzuela,
Cenaculo, and the Embayoka of the Muslims which presented in the rebuilt
Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater, and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines.

Radio and Television

 Patronized during this period


 Play series like Si Matar, Dahlia, Ito ang Palad ko, and Mr. Lonely

Filipino Films

 Yearly Filipino Festivals


 Aguila by Fernando Poe jr., Jay Ilagan, and Christopher de leon
 Maynila… Sa kuko ng Liwanag by Edgardo Reyes
 Minsa’y Isang Gamu- Gamo, Nora Aunor
 Ganito Kami Noon… Paano Kayo Ngayon: Christopher de Leon and Gloria
Diaz
 Insiang by Hilda Koronel

Comics, Magazines and other Publications

 New forms: economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism and the like
favored more than the new sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and
robberies.

Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

 Martial Law was lifted January 2, 1981


 Filipino Poetry – revolutionary and romantic, criticism against the government.
 Filipino Songs – many dealt with the themes that really true-to-life like those of grief,
poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, country, and fellowmen.
 Films : seductive films were out

Post-EDSA 1 Revolution (1986-1995)

 The twist of history


 Independence was regained February 21-25 1986 “ People Power”
 New Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and even the televisions programs were changed
 Crony newspapers increased in circulations: THE INQUIRER, MALAYA and the PEOPLE’S
JOURNAL

21st Century Period

The new trends have been used and introduced to meet and tastes of the new generations. 21 st
Century learners demanded to be ICT inclined compete with the style and format of writing as well. New
codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.

You might also like