Pal college of nursing and medical sciences

Lesson plan

CHILD ABUSE

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Miss Uma Negi Mohd Malik

Asst Professor M.sc Nursing 1styr

PCNMS PCNMS

SUBMITTED ON- 25/01/2021

 STUDENT PROFILE
Name of student : Mohd Malik

Title of the course : M.sc nursing

Class : 1st year

Number of Student in the group : 03

Subject : Pediatric nursing

Topic : Child Abuse

Date and time :

Duration : 1hour

Venue : Pediatric Speciality classroom

Method of teaching : Lecture cum discussion

Medium of instruction (Language) : English

List of teaching AIDS : LED Projectors, White board, chart

Name of the evaluator : Miss Uma Negi

 GENERAL OBJECT
At theend of the presentation, student will be able to know about the Child abuse and use in future
purpose

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The Student Will Be Able To –

⮚ Introduce Child Abuse

⮚ Define child abuse
⮚ Describe the factor affecting child abuse
⮚ Describe about the type of child abuse
⮚ Describe the prevention of child abuse
⮚ Describe the treatment
Sn Time Specific Content Teaching Teaching Evaluation
learning AIDS
objective method

CHILD ABUSE

1 3min INTRODUCTION Lecture

cum
The term child abuse has come to mean any discussio
intentional act of Physical, Emotional or Sexual n
abuse, including acts of negligence, committed by
a person responsible for the care of the child.

Few social problems have as profound an impact

on the welling of children as child abuse and
neglect. Parental surveys indicate that several
million adults admitted to physical violence
against their children each year and many more
adults report abuse experience as children.

The age group of children from birth to 3 year

expect that highest number of victim of child
abuse, with girl being abuse more frequently than
boys.
2. 5min The student DEFINITION LED Define
will be able projector Child
“a child abuse or maltreatment as forms of Lecture abuse?
to define
physical and emotional ill treatment, sexual cum
the child
abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or discussio
abuse
commercial exploration that results in actual or n
potential harm to the child health, survival
development or dignity in the context of a
relationship or responsibility trust or power.”

(WHO)

According to UNICEF violence against children

can be “physical and mental abuse and injury,
neglect or treatment,exploitation and sexual
abuse. Violence may take place in homes,
schools, residential care facilities, on the streets,
in the workplace, in prisons and in place of
dentation,” such violence can affect the normal
development of a child impairing their mental,
physical and social being. In extreme cases abuse
 of a child can result in death.
Factors Affecting Child Abuse
3. 5min The student What are
will be able PARENTAL FACTOR the factor
to explain affecting
● Parent has already abuse a child
the factor Lecture child
● Pregnancy was not wanted
affecting cum abuse?
● Young, unsupported mother often with low
child abuse discussio
education
n
● Parents is isolated and has few supports
● Parents has a mental illness or is abusing drugs
or alcohol

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

● Overcrowding in the house

● Poverty or lack of opportunity to improve the
family’s resources
● Family violence is present
● A non-biological adult living in the house
● Family is experiencing multiple stresses
 CHILD FACTORS

● Baby is sickly, or unwanted

● Child has physical or development disability
● Child is the product of an abusive relationship
● Lack of attachment between child and parent

TYPE OF CHILD ABUSE

Student will ⮚ Physical FLAS What are
be able to ⮚ Emotional card the type
4. 15
explain the ⮚ Sexual of child
Min types of ⮚ Neglect abuse?
child abuse
PHYSICAL ABUSE

Physical abuse may occur when the caregiver is Lecture

unfamiliar with normal child behavior. cum
Inexperience caregiver may not know what is discussio
normal behavior for a child and become n
frustrated when the child does not respond in the
way they expect.

Physical abuse is when a child has been physically

harmed due to some interaction or lack of
interaction by another person, which could have
been prevented by any person, in a position
responsibility, trust or power.

Physical punishment leave marks, cause injury or

threatened the childs physical and emotional well
being.

VARIOUS PHYSICAL PUNISHMENTARE

● Burn (most common)

● Cigarette burn
● Immersion of hand in hot liquid
● Beating with stick or belt.

SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME

SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME Clinical manifestations

may include lethargy, irritability, vomiting, and
seizures, but often this form of child abuse does
not have easily noted signs and can be missed on
examination of the child. Internal symptoms are
detected by the use of computed tomography
(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

MANIFESTATION PHYSICAL ABUSE

• Fracture

• Redness of abused area

• Burn marks

• Scars

• Head injury or injury to internal organ

EMOTIONAL ABUSE

Injury from emotional abuse can be just as

serious and lasting as that from physical abuse,
but it is much more difficult to identify. Injury
from emotional abuse can be just as serious and
lasting as that from physical abuse, but it is much
more difficult to identify. Emotional abuse can be
seen as a failure to provide a supportive
environment and primary attachment figure for a
child so that they may develop a full and healthy
range of emotional abilities.

SEVERAL TYPES OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE

• Verbal abuse, such as humiliation,

scapegoating, unrealistic expectations with
belittling, and erratic discipline

• Emotional unavailability when caregivers are

absorbed in their own problems

• Insufficient or poor nurturing, or threatening to

leave the child or otherwise end the relationship

• Role reversal in which the child must take on

the role of parenting the parent and is blamed for
the parent’s problems

MANIFESTATION EMOTIONAL ABUSE

• Depressed

• Anxiety

• Afraid
SEXUAL ABUSE

Sexual abuse of children has existed in all ages

and cultures, but it seldom has been admitted
when perpetrated by parents or other relatives in
the home. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention
and Treatment Act defines sexual abuse as “the
employment, use, persuasion, inducement,
enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in,
or assist any other person to engage in, any
sexually explicit conduct”.

The Indian government backed a survey of

125000 children in Thirteen states. Of the
children interviewed, more than half (53%) said
that they had been subjected to one or more
forms of sexual abuse. Over 20% of those
interviewed said they were subjected to severe
forms of abuse. Of those who said they were
sexually abused, 57% were boys. (2007)

MANIFESTATION SEXUAL ABUSE

• Infection

• Genital injury

• Abdominal injury or pain

• Constipation

• Chronic or recurrent urinary infection

• Behavior problem

NEGLECT

Neglect or negligent treatment is purposeful

omission of some or all developmental needs of
the child by a caregiver with the intention of
harming the child. This includes the failure of
protecting the child from a harmful situation or
environment when feasible.

Child neglect is failure to provide adequate

hygiene, health care, nutrition, love, nurturing,
and supervision needed for growth and
development.
Neglect takes many forms and can be classified

● physical neglect involves the deprivation of

necessities; such as food, clothing, shelter,
supervision, medical care, and education.
• Emotional neglect generally refers to the
failure to meet the child’s needs for attention,
affection, and emotional nurturance.

MANIFESTATION NEGLECT

• Failure to thrive

• Failure to seek basic health care

• Immunization and deprivation of education

• Basic nutrition needs

• Poor hygiene

• Substance abuse

• Inadequate supervision

PREVENTION OF CHILD ABUSE

 • Prevention child abuse should be a part of
national agenda. In India abuse of children is a
major social and public health problem especially
socially marginalized and economical backward What are
the
The student groups such as children in urban slums and LED
prevent-
will be able children on street and children of construction projector
5. 5min worker.
to explain Ion of
prevention • Health Education of children child
of child abuse?
• Timely health care and routine examination
abuse
• Healthy nutrition

• Sanitation facilities Lecture

cum
discussio
TREATMENT n

• To provide a safe environment to prevent

further harm

• Separating the child, as well as, any other

The student children in the household, form the person
 will be able suspected of abuse
to explain
6. 5min • Cognitive behavioral therapy was designed for Led What are
treatment
children who have experienced physical abuse. Projector the
treatment
• Any physical injuries will be treated, either in a
of child
hospital or at a doctors office, depending on how
abuse?
serious they are.

Lecture
cum
discussio
n
 Conclusion
Child abuse and neglect have a long lasting impact on the child, their family and the following
generations. In order to protect childrenform this situation, it is necessary to develop prevention
programs and to develop and inforce legal ramification.

Summary
Child abuse is a global social problem defined broadly as physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect
abuse of children by adult who are usually family and community members.

Research study
Developmental Impacts of Child Abuse and Neglect Related to Adult Mental Health, Substance Use,
and Physical Health
Todd I. Herrenkohl, Seunghye Hong, J. Bart Klika, Roy C. Herrenkohl, and M. Jean Russo

Abstract

This study examined the association between officially recorded child abuse and neglect and adult
mental health, substance use, and physical health outcomes. Data are from a longitudinal study of
more than 30 years in which individuals were interviewed most recently in their mid -30s. Analyses
consisted of group comparisons using chi-square tests for categorical variables and independent
samples t-tests for continuous measures. Logistic and linear regressions controlled for gender and
childhood SES, adult age, marital status, and education. Adults maltreated in childhood reported
more symptoms of adult depression, anxiety, and more impairment due to mental and physical
health problems. A higher percentage of those with maltreatment histories reported lifetime
alcohol problems and appear at greater risk for substance abuse. Most findings of these bivariate
analyses remained significant after accounting for gender and childhood socioeconomic status.
Somewhat fewer significant results were observed after controlling for adult age, marital status,
and education.

Study method: Longitudinal Study,

Duration:2-year period .
Sample: The original sample contains five groups and totals 457 children: child welfare abuse: (N =
144), child welfare neglect (N = 105),

Research setting: Head Start (N = 70), day care (N = 64), and middle-income nursery (N = 74), and is
composed of near equal numbers of males (N = 248) and females (N = 209) and families from
diverse socioeconomic backgrounds.

Tools: The survey was programmed on laptop computers and used assisted personal interviewing
(CAPI) technology.

Result; Rates of moderate to severe depression in the child welfare group, as measured by the BDI,
were more than twice that of the comparison group (24.4% abuse/neglect versus 6.9% for no
abuse/neglect). The number of BDI depression symptoms also registered higher for the child
welfare group compared to others (8.35 versus 5.59 for the comparison groups and 6.99 for the
sample overall), as did moderate to severe anxiety as measured by the GAD-7 (24.4% for child
welfare and 8.0 for the comparison group) and the average number of anxiety symptoms reported
on the GAD-7 (3.55 for child welfare versus 2.74 for the comparison group). With the exception of
“vitality,” which was marginally significantly different, all subscales of the SF-36 Mental Component
differed significantly (p < .05) for the two groups in the expected direction. In each case, more
impairment was reported by those of the child welfare group compared to those of the comparison
group.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Marlow R.dorothy. redding, textbook of pediatric nursing. 6th edition, Philadelphia; Elsevier page
no 47-51.

www.preventchildabuse.org

duttaparul, pediatric nursing 4th edition New Delhi: jaypee; 2018 page no.32-34.