Operations Allergic Reactions

School Clinic Operations
Allergic Reactions
Hypersensitivity commonly known as Allergic Reactions (HR) are immune

responses that are exaggerated or inappropriate against an antigen or
allergen.
Type
Type I
Type II
Type III
These hypersensitivity reactions are known as immediate

hypersensitivity reactions (IHR)
Because they occur within 24 hours
Antibodies including IgE, IgM, and IgG mediate them
Type I or Anaphylactic Response - Commonly Encountered
The anaphylactic response is mediated by IgE antibodies
in response to environmental proteins (allergens) such as pollens, animal danders, or dust mites.
Type I hypersensitivity reactions seen in:
bronchial asthma
allergic rhinitis
allergic dermatitis
food allergy
allergic conjunctivitis
anaphylactic shock – MOST SEVERE FORM, LIFE THREATENING
Anaphylaxis
medical emergency
can lead to acute, life-threatening respiratory failure.
most severe form of an allergic reaction
severe cases cause:
intense bronchospasm – Difficulty of Breathing
laryngeal edema – LargeS wollen, Red Tonsils, Difficulty Swallowing

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30020687/, https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/injury/allergic-
reactions, https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/set-allergy-symptoms-cartoon-
illustration_18734019.htm#query=allergic%20reaction&position=1&from_view=keyword
cyanosis – Bluish Coloration
hypotension – Low Blood Pressure
shock – Circulatory Collapse, Rapid Heart Beat, Shallow Barely Palpable Pulse
Allergic Bronchial Asthma
characterized by bronchospasm
Allergic Rhinitis
responsible for rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal obstruction
Nasal polyps may be seen in chronic rhinitis
Allergic Conjunctivitis
presents with rhinitis
Itching and eye problems including:
Watering
Redness
swelling
Food Allergy
more frequent in children as seen in cow's milk allergy
Food allergy symptoms mostly affect:
respiratory tract
skin
gastro intestinal tract
Atopic Eczema
Affects the skin and presents as pustules with redness, itchiness and swelling
Drug Allergy
Could present as as pustules with redness, itchiness and swelling
Symptoms
Common symptoms of a mild allergic reaction include:
 Hives (especially over the neck and face)
 Itching
 Nasal congestion, Runny Nose, (Clear, Watery) Sneezing
 Rashes
 Watery, red eyes
Symptoms of a moderate or severe reaction include:
 Abdominal pain
 Abnormal (high-pitched)breathing sounds
 Anxiety
 Chest discomfort or tightness
 Cough
 Diarrhea
 Difficulty breathing, wheezing
 Difficulty swallowing
 Dizziness or lightheadedness
 Flushing or redness of the face
 Nausea or vomiting
 Palpitations
 Swelling of the face, eyes, or tongue
 Unconsciousness
First Aid
For a mild to moderate reaction:
Calm and reassure the person having the reaction. Anxiety can make symptoms worse.
Try to identify the allergen and have the person avoid further contact with it.
1. If the person develops an itchy rash, apply cold compresses

2. Watch the person for signs of increasing distress.
3. Get medical help. For a mild reaction, a health care provider may recommend over-the-
counter medicines, such as antihistamines.
For a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis):
Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (the ABC's of Basic Life Support). A
warning sign of dangerous throat swelling is a very hoarse or whispered voice, or coarse sounds
when the person is breathing in air. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR.
1. Contact Nearest Department of Health Facility

2. Calm and reassure the person.
3. Avoid oral medicine if the person is having difficulty breathing.
4. Take steps to prevent shock. Have the person lie flat, raise the person's feet about 12
inches (30 centimeters), and cover them with a coat or blanket.
5. Do not place the person in this position if a head, neck, back, or leg injury is suspected or
if it causes discomfort.
What to give:
Clinic teacher may give after proper referral to Nurse II in charge of district or
Division Medical Officer III.
1. Cetirizine 5mg/5ml
 5 ml once daily 4 to 6 years old
 10 ml once daily for 7 to 12 years old
2. Cetirizine 10 mg/Tablet 1 Tablet Once Daily
3. Chlorphenamine Maleate 2 mg/5 ml
 5 ml every 4 – 6 hours as needed
4. Chlorphenamine Maleate 4 mg/Tablet
 1 Tablet every 4 – 6 hours as needed
If symptoms worsen refer to nearest DOH Health Facility

Operations Allergic Reactions

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Operations Allergic Reactions

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School Clinic Operations

Hypersensitivity commonly known as Allergic Reactions (HR) are immune

These hypersensitivity reactions are known as immediate

Antibodies including IgE, IgM, and IgG mediate them

Type I or Anaphylactic Response - Commonly Encountered

The anaphylactic response is mediated by IgE antibodies

Type I hypersensitivity reactions seen in:

anaphylactic shock – MOST SEVERE FORM, LIFE THREATENING

can lead to acute, life-threatening respiratory failure.

most severe form of an allergic reaction

severe cases cause:

intense bronchospasm – Difficulty of Breathing

laryngeal edema – LargeS wollen, Red Tonsils, Difficulty Swallowing

hypotension – Low Blood Pressure

Allergic Bronchial Asthma

responsible for rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal obstruction

Nasal polyps may be seen in chronic rhinitis

presents with rhinitis

Itching and eye problems including:

more frequent in children as seen in cow's milk allergy

Food allergy symptoms mostly affect:

gastro intestinal tract

Could present as as pustules with redness, itchiness and swelling

Common symptoms of a mild allergic reaction include:

 Hives (especially over the neck and face)

Symptoms of a moderate or severe reaction include:

For a mild to moderate reaction:

1. If the person develops an itchy rash, apply cold compresses

For a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis):

1. Contact Nearest Department of Health Facility

If symptoms worsen refer to nearest DOH Health Facility

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