Question No 1/4: - A population consists of values 3, 6, 9, 12, 15.

(a) Take all possible samples of size 2 with replacement.

(b) Construct the sampling distribution of 𝑋
(c) Compute the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of 𝑋
(d) Verify that:
𝜎2 𝜎
𝑎 𝜇𝑋 = 𝜇 𝑏 𝜎𝑋2 = 𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜎𝑋 =
𝑛 𝑛
Answer: -
Population = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
N=5 ; n = 2 (with replacement)
Total samples = (N) = (5)2 = 25
n

Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean
3, 3 3 3, 6 4.5 3, 9 6 3, 12 7.5 3, 15 9
6, 3 4.5 6, 6 6 6, 9 7.5 6, 12 9 6, 15 10.5
9, 3 6 9, 6 7.5 9, 9 9 9, 12 10.5 9, 15 12
12, 3 7.5 12, 6 9 12, 9 10.5 12, 12 12 12, 15 13.5
15, 3 9 15, 6 10.5 15, 9 12 15, 12 13.5 15, 15 15
Sampling distribution of sample means
𝑿 𝒇 𝒇𝑿 𝑿𝟐 𝒇𝑿𝟐
3 1 3 9 9
4.5 2 9 20.25 40.5
6 3 18 36 108
7.5 4 30 56.25 225
9 5 45 81 405
10.5 4 42 110.25 441
12 3 36 144 432
13.5 2 27 182.25 364.5
15 1 15 225 225
25 225 2250
𝑓𝑋 225
𝜇𝑋 = = =9
𝑓 25
2
2 𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 2250 225 2
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 90 − 81 = 9
𝑓 𝑓 25 25
2 2
𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 2250 225
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 90 − 81 = 3
𝑓 𝑓 25 25
For verification
X 3 6 9 12 15 225
X2 9 36 81 144 225 495
𝑋 45
𝜇= = =9 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜇𝑋 = 𝜇
𝑁 5
2 2
𝑋2 𝑋 495 45
𝜎2 = − = − = 99 − 81 = 18
𝑁 𝑁 5 5
2
𝜎 18 𝜎2
= =9 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋2 =
𝑛 2 𝑛
2 2
𝑋2 𝑋 495 45
𝜎= − = − = 99 − 81 = 4.2426
𝑁 𝑁 5 5
𝜎 4.24 4.2426 𝜎
= = =3 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋 =
𝑛 2 1.4142 𝑛
Question No 2/4: - A population consists of ten values 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. Take all possible samples of size 2
without replacement and verify that:
𝜎2 𝑁 − 𝑛 𝜎 𝑁−𝑛
𝑎 𝐸 𝑋 =𝜇 𝑖𝑖 𝜎𝑋2 = . 𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜎𝑋 =
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛 𝑁−1
Answer: -
Population = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
N=6 ; n = 2 (without replacement)
Total samples = NCn= 6C2 = 15
Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean
2, 4 3 2, 10 6 4, 8 6 6, 8 7 8, 10 9
2, 6 4 2, 12 7 4, 10 7 6, 10 8 8, 12 10
2, 8 5 4, 6 5 4, 12 8 6, 12 9 10, 12 11
Sampling distribution of sample means
𝑿 𝒇 𝒇𝑿 𝑿𝟐 𝒇𝑿𝟐
3 1 3 9 9
4 1 4 16 16
5 2 10 25 50
6 2 12 36 72
7 3 21 49 147
8 2 16 64 128
9 2 18 81 162
10 1 10 100 100
11 1 11 121 121
15 105 805
𝑓𝑋 105
𝜇𝑋 = = =7
𝑓 15
2
2 𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 805 105 2
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 53.67 − 49 = 4.67
𝑓 𝑓 15 15
2 2
𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 805 105
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 53.67 − 49 = 4.67 = 2.16
𝑓 𝑓 15 15
For verification
X 2 4 6 8 10 12 42
X2 4 16 36 64 100 144 364
𝑋 42
𝜇= = =7 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜇𝑋 = 𝜇
𝑁 6
2
𝑋2 𝑋 364 42 2
𝜎2 = − = − = 60.67 − 49 = 11.67
𝑁 𝑁 6 6
𝜎 2 𝑁 − 𝑛 11.67 6 − 2 11.67 4 46.68 𝜎2 𝑁 − 𝑛
. = . = . = = 4.67 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋2 = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 2 6−1 2 5 10 𝑛 𝑁−1
2 2
𝑋2 𝑋 364 42
𝜎= − = − = 60.67 − 49 = 11.67 = 3.42
𝑁 𝑁 6 6

𝜎 𝑁 − 𝑛 3.42 6 − 2 3.42 4 6.84 𝜎 𝑁−𝑛

= = = = 2.16 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋 = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 2 6−1 2 5 3.16 𝑛 𝑁−1
Question No 3/4: - A population consists of values 3, 6, 9. Take all possible samples of size 3 with
replacement and verify that:
𝜎2 𝑁 − 𝑛 𝜎
𝑎 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝜇 𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = . 𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜎𝑋 =
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛
Answer: -
Population = 3, 6, 9
N=3 ; n = 3 (with replacement)
Total samples = (N)n = (3)3 = 27
Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean
3, 3, 3 3 3, 9, 3 5 6, 6, 3 5 9, 3, 3 5 9, 9, 3 7
3, 3, 6 4 3, 9, 6 6 6, 6, 6 6 9, 3, 6 6 9, 9, 6 8
3, 3, 9 5 3, 9, 9 7 6, 6, 9 7 9, 3, 9 7 9, 9, 9 9
3, 6, 3 4 6, 3, 3 4 6, 9, 3 6 9, 6, 3 6
3, 6, 6 5 6, 3, 6 5 6, 9, 6 7 9, 6, 6 7
3, 6, 9 6 6, 3, 9 6 6, 9, 9 8 9, 6, 9 8
Sampling distribution of sample means
𝑿 𝒇 𝒇𝑿 𝑿𝟐 𝒇𝑿𝟐
3 1 3 0 0
4 3 12 1 3
5 6 30 4 24
6 7 42 9 90
7 6 42 16 192
8 3 24 25 300
9 1 9 36 360
27 162 1026
𝑓𝑋 162
𝜇𝑋 = = =6
𝑓 27
2
2 𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 1026 162 2
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 38 − 36 = 2
𝑓 𝑓 27 27
2 2
𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 1026 162
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 38 − 36 = 2 = 1.41
𝑓 𝑓 27 27
For verification
X 3 6 9 18
X2 9 36 81 126
𝑋 18
𝜇= = =6 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜇𝑋 = 𝜇
𝑁 3
2 2
2
𝑋2 𝑋 126 18
𝜎 = − = − = 42 − 36 = 6
𝑁 𝑁 3 3
2
𝜎 6 𝜎2
= =2 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋2 =
𝑛 3 𝑛
2 2
𝑋2 𝑋 126 18
𝜎= − = − = 42 − 36 = 6 = 2.45
𝑁 𝑁 3 3
𝜎 2.45 2.45 𝜎
= = = 1.41 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋 =
𝑛 3 1.73 𝑛
Question No 3/4: - A population consists of values 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36. Take all possible samples of size 3
without replacement from this population.
(a) Find the sampling distribution of 𝑋
(b) Verify that:
𝜎2 𝑁 − 𝑛 𝜎 𝑁−𝑛
𝑖 𝜇𝑋 = 𝜇 𝑖𝑖 𝜎𝑋2 = . 𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜎𝑋 = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 𝑛 𝑁−1
Population = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30.
N=5 ; n = 3 (without replacement)
N 5
Total samples = Cn= C3 = 10
Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean Sample Mean
6, 12, 18 12 6, 12, 30 16 6, 18, 30 18 12, 18, 24 18 12, 24, 30 22
6, 12, 24 14 6, 18, 24 16 6, 24, 30 20 12, 18, 30 20 18, 24, 30 24
Sampling distribution of sample means
𝑿 𝒇 𝒇𝑿 𝑿𝟐 𝒇𝑿𝟐
12 1 12 144 144
14 1 14 196 196
16 2 32 256 512
18 2 36 324 648
20 2 40 400 800
22 1 22 484 484
24 1 24 576 576
10 180 3360
𝑓𝑋 180
𝜇𝑋 = = = 18
𝑓 10
2
2 𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 3360 180 2
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 336 − 324 = 12
𝑓 𝑓 10 10
2 2
𝑓𝑋 2 𝑓𝑋 3360 180
𝜎𝑋 = − = − = 336 − 324 = 12 = 3.46
𝑓 𝑓 10 10
For verification
X 6 12 18 24 30 90
X2 36 144 324 576 900 1980
𝑋 90
𝜇= = = 18 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜇𝑋 = 𝜇
𝑁 5
2
2
𝑋2 𝑋 1980 90 2
𝜎 = − = − = 396 − 324 = 72
𝑁 𝑁 5 5
𝜎 2 𝑁 − 𝑛 72 5 − 3 72 2 144 𝜎2 𝑁 − 𝑛
. = . = . = = 12 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋2 = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 3 5−1 3 4 12 𝑛 𝑁−1
2 2
𝑋2 𝑋 1980 90
𝜎= − = − = 396 − 324 = 72 = 8.485
𝑁 𝑁 5 5

𝜎 𝑁 − 𝑛 8.485 5 − 3 8.485 2 11.9996 𝜎 𝑁−𝑛

= = = = 3.46 ; 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝜎𝑋 = .
𝑛 𝑁−1 3 5−1 3 4 3.46 𝑛 𝑁−1