DOCUMENT NO: 526 May 2021

E006631

A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

Watching Brief Report

Old School, Portskewett

Prepared For:
Monmouthshire City Council
Planning Application No: DM/2019/01228

Report: Mr. S. Reames

QA: Dr. N. Phillips
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

Summary

A.P.A.C. Ltd was commissioned by the Client to carry out an archaeological watching brief on land to the
side of Old School, Portskewett (centred on National Grid Reference (NGR): ST 50052 88196).

A series of conjoined trenches were excavated to the side of the property which revealed modern
intrusion and deliberate backfilling immediately surrounding the property to the south. Within this
disturbed material, residual 17th to 18th pottery was retrieved along with modern material.

No undisturbed archaeological material was encountered within the development area.

Comisiynwyd APAC Cyf. gan y Cleient i wneud gorchwyl gwylio archeolegol ar dir ger yr Hen Ysgol,
Porthysgiwed (wedi’i ganoli ar Gyfeirnod y Grid Cenedlaethol (CGR): ST 50052 88196.

Cloddiwyd cyfres of ffosydd cydgysylltiedig wrth ochr yr eiddo a ddatgelodd ymyrraeth fodern ac ôl-
lenwi bwriadol yn union o gwmpas yr eiddo i’r De.

O fewn y deunydd tarfedig hwn cafwyd crochenwaith gweddilliol o’r 17eg a’r 18fed ganrif ochr yn ochr
â deunydd modern.

Copyright Notice: A.P.A.C. Ltd retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100045677) to reproduce map information; Copyright
remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.

Cover photograph: Post-Excavation Shot of Development Area, IMG_2012 (© A.P.A.C. Ltd 2021)
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

Contents

Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Contents ........................................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Location ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Topography and Geology ................................................................................................................ 4
Brief Archaeological and Historical Background ........................................................................... 4
Map Progression .............................................................................................................................. 6
Aims and Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 7
Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 7
Results ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Finds ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Ceramic ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Finds Summary ........................................................................................................................... 8
Environmental ................................................................................................................................. 8
Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Archive ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 9
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 10
Copyright ....................................................................................................................................... 10
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

Figures

Figure 1 Location
Figure 2 Heritage Asset Map
Figure 3a-e Map Progression
Figure 4 Post-Excavation Plan of Site
Figure 5a-b Representative Sections

Plates
Plate 1 Southeast facing section of foundation trench
Plate 2 Oblique shot of development area

Appendices
Appendix 1 Context Index and Matrix
Appendix 2 Finds Index and Assemblage Photographs
Appendix 3 Complete Site Photograph Archive
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

Introduction

This report results from a condition to a planning application for the erection of a single-storey sun
lounge/conservatory and utility room at Old School House, 10 Main Road, Portskewett, NP26 5SA (hereafter the
Site) centred on National Grid Reference (NGR): ST 50052 88196. The planning application (DM/2019/01228,
previously DC/2014/00702) was made to Monmouthshire City Council (hereafter MCC).

The programme of works comprised of a watching brief during the intrusive groundworks associated with the
proposed development to assess the potential, level of, presence or absence of surviving archaeological remains
across the site.

The groundworks were supervised and conducted by Simon Reames in March 2021. The report was written by
Simon Reames.
Location
The Site is located in the centre of Portskewett village which lies approximately 2km east of Calicot and 6.4km
southwest of Chepstow (Figure 1).

The Site is bounded to the northeast, southeast and southwest by neighbouring structures, and to the southwest the
Main Road through Portskewett.
Topography and Geology

The Site occupies a predominantly level, rectangular parcel of land encompassing an area of approximately
458.45m² and lies at an elevation of 14m above Ordnance Datum (aOD).

The underlying natural geology of the area comprises of sandstone from the Mercia Mudstone Group (British
Geological Survey, 2021) and superficial deposits of silty-clay.

Brief Archaeological and Historical Background

Current Covid 19 restrictions have made usual visits to museums, libraries, and record offices etc, impossible;
limiting the resultant research, which, is entirely dependent on online sources and APAC. Ltd archives.

According to Portskewett’ s Community Council (PCC), webpage, https://www.portskewettcc.org/portskewett-

history/, the village has strong ties to the Iron Age and Romano-British period.

“There is some evidence of a Roman villa, with possible British Iron Age antecedents. There are also
remains of a late Roman temple on Portskewett Hill, and many coins of the 3rd and 4th centuries have
been found”

The GGAT statement also mentioned that previous archaeological works in the vicinity had –

‘identified artefacts of Medieval date, and a large Iron Age ditch, in which two brooches and
quantities of pottery were discovered. The size of this ditch, plus the quantity and quality of the
artefacts recovered led the excavators to suggest that there was an important Iron Age site in the
vicinity of this area.’ MON2116/JBHD

The area is also thought to be rich with evidence of early Welsh settlement. The name itself – ‘believed to derive
from the Welsh Porth-is-Coed, meaning "the harbour below the wood", or alternatively "the harbour of the area
below the wood’, PCC op. cit.

In addition, an ancient welsh story and poem attributed to the area, mentions Portskewett as one of the three chief
ports of Wales:

‘around the 7th century, Moliant Cadwallon, describes it as: "beautiful Porth Esgewin, the estuary on
the border", and the medieval Welsh phrase meaning from one end of the country to another
translates as "from Porth Wygyr to Portskewett" PCC op. cit.
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20
Although the harbour area has silted up and is now a marshland; fortunately, previous archaeological
excavations in the area ‘revealed wetland structures, including fish traps, with dates from the 6th century
onwards. PCC op. cit.

Possibly the most well-known history of Portskewett is the association with Earl Harold Godwinson, who after
defeating the Welsh in the area in 1063, began construction of a hunting lodge. This unfinished structure was
destroyed by Caradog ap Gruffudd; the last King of Gwent, in 1065 and held by him till his death in 1081,
(Phillips 2004). Portskewett is next listed in Domesday 1086, under Roger of Ivry Tennant in Chief of King
William, (More J.S. 1982).

During the early Norman Period the village was known as a “Hardwick” or cattle ranch and was known as a
‘agricultural village of no distinction’. However, it is thought to have had some small ties with iron mining near
the village, leased by Thomas Lewis of St Pierre and was part of the St Pierre estate, held by the Lewis family of
St Pierre, from c1400 up until the early 20th century. The family is thought to have moved to Moynes Court in
1893, with the St Pierre mansion and deer park, subsequently being sold in 1925 to a Daniel Lysaght. National
library of Wales, https://archives.library.wales/index.php/lewis-family-of-st-pierre-2

The village appears to have gone into a steady decline by the early 19th century, though during the latter half of the
of that period the village experienced a large influx to the population with the need for housing and amenities to
accommodate the workers on the GWR’s Severn Tunnel Construction. The village again continued expanding in
the 1970’ with the introduction of new council estates.

Due to the area’s high potential for historical and archaeological events, a 500m online, examination was
undertaken centred on the given NGR; 350057 188205.

The examination turned up two Scheduled Monuments (SM) and five listed buildings (LB) (Figure 2):

The site lies southwest of ‘Harold’s House’. SM, CADW Ref: MM029.

‘The monument comprises the remains of a medieval manor house. The site consists of a series of
upstanding earthworks traditionally thought to be the site of a hunting lodge belonging to Harold
Godwinson, later King Harold II of England, which is described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The
chronicle states that the lodge was destroyed before it was even completed, by Caradog ap Gruffydd
on the feast of St Bartholomew (24th August) 1065. Caradog’s attack also involved the massacre of
many of Harold’s people. Occupation of the site continued after the attack and it eventually fell under
Normal control, with the Domesday Book recording the site as one of three hardwicks (dairy farms)
belonging to Chepstow Castle. In 1270 the manor is recorded as in the ownership of the Deneband
family who hold it until the fifteenth century, after which it is abandoned and eventually demolished.’
CADW Ref: MM029.

The second SM, also to the southwest, is St Marys Churchyard cross, (MM315) which is also considered as a
listed building, ref 2045. The cross itself is thought to be of a medieval date due to its shape, size, and appearance.
It has been given significance due to -

‘its national importance for its potential to enhance our knowledge of the organisation and practice of
Christianity. It retains significant archaeological potential, with a strong probability of the presence
of associated archaeological features and deposits. A cross may be part of a larger cluster of
monuments and their importance can further enhanced by their group value’. CADW Ref:MM029.

The search of the area included five listed buildings. These are as follows:

CADW Name Grade Period Reason for listing

Ref No:
2044 Cross in St Mary’s II C15 Included as an important medieval
churchyard cross having strong group value with
the adjacent Church of St Mary.
2045 Church of St Mary I M - with Included and highly graded as a little
later changed medieval church
additions
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20
24003 Portskewett House II 1840’s Included as a well-preserved Tudor
Revival villa dating from c1840
which, despite some changes, has
retained its historic character.
24004 Portskewett war II 1920’s Included for its historic interest as the
memorial Portskewett village war memorial and
for its group value with the
Churchyard Cross and the Church of
St Mary.
24005 Old cottage in II C17/C18 Included as a scarce, possibly C17
churchyard of church of cottage of the most humble type
St Mary converted into a stable in the mid C19
after being taken into the churchyard.
It has both historic and visual group
value with the immediately adjacent
Church of St Mary.

Map Progression
Cartographic data of the area was collated from the earliest available source and was then adapted into a figure to be
cross referenced for the purposes of this report. The cartographic information was centred solely on the area of the
site and its immediate boundaries (Figures 3a – 3e).

The 1839 Tithe map (Figure 3a) shows the site as an empty plot of land, with two neighbouring properties. The
apportionment lists the empty land as 32a (northwest) and 32b (south east). 32b is noted as being owned and
occupied by ‘The South Wales Railway Co’. 32a is listed as ‘part of the lower Hay’ occupied by Charles Chandler
and owned by Rev. Lewis Francis.

The neighbouring plot, 30, to the east is noted as a cottage and garden occupied by Shepard Samuel and owned by
Charles Lewis Esquire. The neighbouring plot to the southwest, 31, is noted as a cottage and garden occupied by
John Wheeler and owned by Col. Thomas Lewis.

The apportionment information states that the buildings featured within the search are all owned by a member of the
Lewis family which is in line with information stating Portskewett to be part of the St Pierre estate, all owned by the
Lewis’.

The 1887 map (Figure 3b) shows the site with a building or buildings on it. Information on this and later maps
would suggest the building to have been a school, probably built due to the influx of population during the
construction of the Severn Tunnel. The building as it is first seen appears to be fairly large and extends to the south
towards the centre of its southern boundary.

The 1902 map (Figure 3c) reveals many changes. The northern road has been expanded and now runs along the
northern edge of the buildings. The building itself also appears to have undergone major deconstruction with much
of the lower section of the build, over half the previous area, now missing. Whether this is a major structural change
that happened at some point between the twenty or so years between the publication of the two maps or possibly an
error on the earlier map is unclear as the cartographic data can never wholly be relied upon. The main building by
this time also appears to now be two different structures with the smaller one to the west being mapped differently
to the main larger school building to the east.

Little has changed by the 1922 Map (Figure 3d) with the only differences appearing to be a slightly different
position to where the buildings appear in relation to the northern road.

Modern mapping (Figure 3e) reveals the original structure of the main building appearing to be much the same.
The smaller western building now appears to have been assimilated back into the main structure and extended to the
south, much like the building was once perceived in the earlier 1887 map.

The cartographic data gleaned would suggest that the site area was fairly untouched up until the mid to late 19th
century, though, with the building of the school, the area would probably have been greatly disturbed thereby
possibly unsettling dating from an earlier origin.
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

Aims and Objectives

The aims of an archaeological watching brief, as defined by the Charted Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA, 2014)
are:

• To ensure that any buried remains located within the development area are fully investigated and recorded
if revealed as a consequence of the site works;
• To provide an opportunity for the archaeologists present to signal to all interested parties, before the
destruction of the material in question, that an archaeological fid has been made for which the resources of
the watching brief itself are not sufficient to support treatment to a satisfactory and proper standard;
• If such a find is made, representatives of both the client and the regional Development Control
Officer/County Archaeologist will be informed and a site meeting organised, as appropriate.

In accordance with the agreed Written Scheme of Investigation (APAC. Ltd WSI:WB/OSP/20) the general aims of
the watching brief were to:

• Establish the presence/absence of archaeological structures or other significant features within the works
area;
• Elucidate the character, distribution, extent and importance of any identified archaeological deposits;
• Preserve by record, within the resources available, any archaeological deposits uncovered during
groundworks.
Methodology
All land within the boundaries of the Site were subjected to archaeological monitoring.

The land within the footprint of the development area was opened by a 1.5 tonne tracked mechanical excavator
fitted with a grading bucket. The overburden was excavated down, under constant archaeological supervision, to the
top of the archaeological horizon or undisturbed natural geology, whichever occurred first.

All spoil from the excavation was visually examined for artefacts.

A unique site code (WB/OSP/20) was allocated for all aspects of the project archive produced as a result of the on-
site works. All recording was undertaken using A.P.A.C. Ltd’s pro forma recording system. Sections and plans
were drawn at recognised scales on drafting film as necessary. Digital photographs were taken in high resolution
Jpeg or RAW format before conversion to TIFF format for archival storage.

All work was carried out in accordance with the Health and Safety at Work act 1974 and the Management of Health
and Safety Regulations 1992.

Health and Safety considerations were of paramount importance in conducting all fieldwork. Safe working practises
overrode archaeological considerations at all times.

A risk assessment for the works was drawn up by A.P.A.C. Ltd and made available to all staff on site prior to the
commencement of the project.
Results

All structures are denotated with brackets { }, deposits with curved brackets ( ), surfaces with angled brackets < >
and cuts with square brackets [ ].

The watching brief comprised monitoring of approximately 6.08m³ of ground reduction in the form of three
continuous trenches within the Site (Figure 4).

The on-site watching brief was conducted over a period of a single day.

Superficial geology (104), consisting of a reddish-brown silty-clay, was encountered at a depth of 0.52m beneath
present-day ground level (13.48m aOD) immediately adjacent to the current domestic structure before falling away
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

to the south to a depth of 0.84m (13.16m aOD).

Truncating superficial geology (104) was cut [109] for the original domestic structure {110} which consisted
uniformly dressed stone blocks bound with lime mortar. The structure is the present-day Old School domestic
structure and contains two later extensions.

Situated in the southern corner of the development area and at a depth of 0.42m below present-day ground level,
13.58m aOD, was a mixed silty-clay deposit (111) representing a remnant topsoil level. This deposit contained
waste stone building material and flecks of lime mortar associated with the original construction of the Old School
structure and indicates the ground surface fell away to the south and west.

Superseding deposit (111) in the southern corner of the Site was a 0.27m thick deposit of silty-loam (112) (Figure
5b) indicating a dump of topsoil used for landscaping and levelling the garden. Within the uppermost extent of
deposit (112), modern CBM was encountered relating to the construction of the domestic extensions. This was
followed by a remnant subsoil (103) that was only located in the northern and north-eastern extents of the Site
immediately abutting structure {110}.

Associated with the initial extension and situated in the northernmost foundation trench, a modern waste water
service trench cut [105] and deliberate backfill (106) were observed on a northwest to southeast alignment (Figure
5a). A similar modern service trench cut [107] and deliberate backfill (108) containing electric and wastewater pipe
were encountered associated with the second extension in the northern and southernmost trenches.

Immediately overlying deliberate backfills (106) and (108) was the present-day turf and topsoil (100) which
contained modern refuse associated with the construction of the two extensions to the current property.

Truncating the turf deposit (100) was a shallow cut [101] which contained an initial deposit of compacted sand used
as a bedding for a current stone pathway (102).
Finds

The watching brief produced a limited range of finds.

A complete finds index of all artefacts retrieved during the excavation is listed in Appendix 2

Ceramic

A total of eight ceramic fragments were recovered during the watching brief; all from deposit (111).

The earliest pottery fragment was a single sherd of Devonshire ware dating to the 17th to 18th century. All other
pottery was dated to between the 18th and 20th centuries.

A single clay pipe stem was also retrieved from the watching brief which was dated to the 18th to 19th century.

Finds Summary

The limited finds assemblage from Old School, Portskewett represents a predominantly modern date.

The earliest ceramic dating was the single Devonshire sherd however, its presence within the same context as
modern pottery indicate it is residual in nature.

All finds were returned to the client.

Environmental

No material suitable for environmental analysis was demonstrated to be present within the impacted areas.
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

Conclusions
The watching brief undertaken at Old School, Portskewett was unsuccessful in identifying any in situ archaeological
remains within the development area.

It did reveal, prior to the construction of a school and its associated buildings within the immediate vicinity, the land
originally gently fell away to the south. This corroborates the earliest cartographic evidence that depicts the
development area as empty land until prior to 1880 when the area was surveyed.

Waste building material within deposit (111) at a depth of 0.42m indicate the level of the original ground surface
when the school house was constructed. No evidence for any compacted surface as would be expected in areas of
high footfall around a school would suggest that the school was immediately northeast and the Old School structure
is more likely to be the school master’s house.

Ceramic dating from within deposit (111) shows a uniform modern date. The single piece of Devonshire ware
pottery is residual however, it does suggest an early presence within the area which supports previous archaeological
excavations undertaken within Portskewett.

The ground within the development area was then increased to create level area before the modern extensions
associated with the Old School domestic structure resulted in further modern intrusions in the form of services to the
property.
Archive

The archive will be prepared according to the Management of Archaeological Projects, English Heritage, MoRPHE
V1.2 (2015) so the records will be fully ordered and indexed. The project archives will consist of all original
records, and all documentation that relates to the watching brief; copies of the WSI and any relevant correspondence
will be included.

The original archive for the watching brief will be retained by A.P.A.C. Ltd.

A digital copy of the archive will be deposited with RCAHMW within keeping with their published guidelines:
http://www.rcahmw.gov.uk/HI/ENG/Search+Records/Standards/Archive/

A further digital copy of the relevant information and report will be deposited with GGAT HER in keeping with
their published guidelines:
http://www.GGAT.org.uk/her/downloads/Guidance%20for%20the%20Submission%20of%20Data%20to%20Welsh
%20HERs.pdf

The archives will be deposited within twelve months of the completion of the watching brief with the agreement of
the landowner.

A synopsis of the project will be submitted to CBA Wales and the full client report published online through Scribd.

Acknowledgements
A.P.A.C. Ltd would like to thank the client for granting access to the site and to the on-site contractor for their
assistance throughout the excavation. Thanks also to Mr A. Phillips for finds processing and analysis.
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Old School, Portskewett WB/OSP/20

Bibliography

A.P.A.C. Ltd,
2020, Written Scheme of Investigation for a Programme of Archaeological Works: WSI:WB/OSPU/20
Old School, Portskewett, WSI:WB/OSP/20, Document No: 526

CIFA, 2014, Standard and Guidance for an Archaeological Watching Brief

GGAT: MON2116/JBHD. Re: Non-material Amendment to Planning Consent DC/2014/00702:-

Reduction in Size, Change to Layout and Position of Doors and Windows: The Old School House,
10 Main Road, Portskewett. Pl.App.No.: DM/2019/01228.

Management of Health and Safety Regulations, 1992

MCC 2019 Pl.app.no: DC/2014/00702 - DM/2019/01228 Reduction in Size, Change to Layout and Position of
Doors and Windows: The Old School House, 10 Main Road, Portskewett

Owen, H.W.
and Morgan, R.,
2007, Dictionary of the Place Names of Wales, Gomer, Llandysul

Phillips N.
2005. Earthworks of Gwent and Ergyng AD 1050 – AD 1250 BAR 420

Online sources:

http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html (accessed 06.04.2021)

http://www.ggat.org.uk/cadw/historic_landscape/Gwent
https://www.portskewettcc.org/portskewett-history/,
https://cadw.gov.wales/advice-support/cof-cymru/search-cadw-records
https://magic.defra.gov.uk/

Copyright

A.P.A.C. Ltd will retain full copyright of any reports and specialist reports, under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act of 1988 with all rights reserved.

A.P.A.C. Ltd hereby gives permission for the monitoring authority to use any documentation directly relating to the
project as described in this Project Design.

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: Wyastone Business Park, Monmouth, NP25 3SR

Tel: 01600891584. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com
Company Registration No 05041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil.
 The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
Old School, Portskewett

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/OSP/20

N

Figure 1: Location
 Old School, Portskewitt.

Legend

NGR: 350057 188205

Cadw Listed Buildings

Scheduled Ancient
Monuments

Figure 2: Heritage Asset Map A.P.A.C. Ltd. WB/OSP/20

 Old School, Portskewitt

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
N N

Figure 3a: Tithe Map - 1839 Figure 3b: Gloucestershire LXII.SW

Surveyed 1880 - 1881
Published 1887

N N

Figure 3c: Monmouthshire XXX.SE Figure 3d: Monmouthshire XXX

Revised 1900, Published 1902 Revised 1918 to 1919,
Published 1922.

Figure 3e: Modern mapping A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/OSP/20

 Old School, Portskewett

oad
ai nR
M

B
A
Existing Property

Excavated Trenches

D Drawn Section
C
Services

0 20m

Figure 04: Site Plan A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/OSP/20

 Old School, Portskewett

Southeast Facing Section of Foundation Trench

A B C D

14m
14m
(100)
(100) (102)
(103)
[101]
(103)
(103)
(112) (112)
(111)
(106)

(104)
(104)
(111)

[105] (104)

Key Key
Stone Stone
Ceramic Drain

0 1m 0 1m

Figure 5a: Representative Section Figure 5b: Representative Section A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/OSP//20
 Old School, Portskewett

Photograph

N
Southeast facing section of
foundation trench.

Scale: 1x1m

0 20m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/OSP/20

PLATE 01
 Old School, Portskewett

Photograph

N
Oblique shot of development area.

0 20m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/OSP/20

PLATE 02
Site: Old School, Portskewett

Site Code: WB/OSP/20 Appendix I A.P.A.C. Ltd

CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS

100 Surface Loose, clear edges, moderate to heavy root and Y (Not IMG_5002, IMG_5003,
worm bioturbation throughout. Deposit is the Retained) IMG_5004, IMG_5005,
present-day turf and topsoil extending across the IMG_5006, IMG_5009,
site. Contained modern metal within the turf, not IMG_5010,
retained.
101 Cut Steep straight sides with a flat base on a N IMG_5004, IMG_5005
northwest to southeast alignment immediately
southwest of the current property structure. Cut
of a pathway containing a single deliberate
backfill.
102 Surface Surface is constructed from compacted sand with N IMG_5004, IMG_5005
stone flagstones used as a present-day pathway.
Single fill of [101]. Firm, sharp edges.
103 Deposit Light-brown, silty-clay, loose, clear to sharp N IMG_5004, IMG_5005,
edges with sparse sub-rounded, poorly sorted IMG_5006, IMG_5009
coarse components. Very mixed. A remnant IMG_5010
sub-soil with topsoil mixed in and modern
intrusion from the construction of the current
house structure.
104 Deposit Reddish-brown silty-clay, loose, moderate root N IMG_5004, IMG_5005,
bioturbation. Deposit is the superficial geology IMG_5006, IMG_5007,
of the site. IMG_5008, IMG_5009,
IMG_5010, IMG_5011,
IMG_5013, IMG_5014
105 Cut Vertical, straight sides with a flat base. Cut of a N IMG_5004, IMG_5005
service trench on a NW-SE alignment. Contains
a single deliberate backfill around a modern
service.
106 Deposit Mid-brown, silty-clay, loose, sharp edges, N IMG_5004, IMG_5005
deliberate backfill of cut [105] with excavated
material. Deposit is a mixture of top/subsoil and
superficial geology excavated for a service trench
deliberately dumped back into the open trench.
107 Cut Vertical, straight sides with a flat base. Cut of a N IMG_5006
service trench on a NW-SE alignment. Contains
a modern waste water and electric service.
108 Deposit Dark brown/black silty-clay with loose, clear to N IMG_5006
sharp edges. A deliberate backfill of redeposited
material from the excavation of cut [107] around
a modern waste water and electric service.
109 Cut Steep, straight sides, unknown base. Foundation N IMG_5004, IMG_5005
cut for the current domestic structure. Contains
the current domestic structure {110}.
110 Structure Present-day domestic structure constructed of N IMG_5002, IMG_5003,
dressed stone with a lime mortar bonding sitting IMG_5004, IMG_5005
upon a lime mortar foundation slab. The stone is
broadly uniform and rectangular in shape.
111 Deposit Mid-brown silty-clay with loose, clear edges and Y IMG_5009, IMG_5010
common sub-angular, poorly-sorted 10-300mm
coarse components. Very mixed deposit with
building refuse from construction of the original
structure associated with the school. Indicates
previous ground level.
112 Deposit Dark brown, silty-clayey-loam, loose, with sharp N IMG_5009, IMG_5010
edges and common sub-rounded moderately
sorted 10-50mm coarse components. Deposit is
a dumped mixture of topsoil and subsoil and
evidence of landscaping to the south of the
development area.
Site: Old School, Portskewett

Site Code: WB/OSP/20 Appendix I A.P.A.C. Ltd

 A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix II FINDS WB/OSP/20

DSCN8710
111
10cm

Find Area Context Description Period Date

1 Sealed context 111 1 sherd Devonshire 17th/18th 01/03/21
1 clay pipe stem 18th/19th
1 sherd Creamware
1 sherd stoneware rim 19th
1 sherd Pearlware
1 sherd blue and white Willow pattern
1 sherds blue and white china pattern 19th/20th
1 fragment of orange ceramic
Site Name: Old School, Portskewett Appendix I A.P.A.C. Ltd
PRN:EOO6631
Digital Photographic Record Project No:....526.................Project Code: WB/OSP/20

View Date of Compiled

Photo No Area facing Description Phographer photograph by Date Plates
5002 N Pre-Ex Shot of Development Area S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5003 SE Pre-Ex Shot of Development Area S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5004 NW SE Facing Section of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5005 NW SE Facing Section of Foundation Trench - Further Excavation S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021 1
5006 SE NW Facing Section of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5007 NE General Shot of Foundation Trench Showing Wall S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5008 NE General Shot of Foundation Trench Showing Wall S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5009 SW NE Facing Section of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5010 SW NE Facing Section of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5011 NE Post-Ex Shot of SE Arm of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5012 NE Post-Ex Shot of Development Area S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5013 NW Post-Ex Shot of SW Arm of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5014 NE Post-Ex Shot of NW Arm of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5015 E Oblique Shot of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5016 W Oblique Shot of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5017 N Oblique Shot of Foundation Trench S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021
5018 N Oblique Shot of Development Area S.Reames 02/03/2021 S. Reames 22/03/2021 2
 Old School, Portskewett

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/OSP/20