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Thlilia Aljdaa Alslmi Ottbiqath Tshih Slsla Altmarin 3 2
Thlilia Aljdaa Alslmi Ottbiqath Tshih Slsla Altmarin 3 2
ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺍء ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ
ﺣﻠـــﻮﻝ
1 ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ
E (- 4 , - 2 ) ﻭ D ( 1 , 1 ) ﻭ C (- 4 , 4 ) ﻭ B (- 1 , 3 ) ﻭ A (- 1, 1 )
AD ( x D - x A ; y D - y A ) AB (x B - x A ; y B - y A )
AB . AD = 0 ´ 2 + 0 ´ 2 = 0 + 0 = 0 : ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ
AD ( 2 ; 0 ) AB ( 0 ; 2 )
( AB) ^ ( AD ) :ﺃﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ
1
DE ( x E - x D ; y E - y D ) BC ( x C - x B ; y C - y B )
ﻭ : ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻭ
DE ( - 5 ; - 3 ) BC ( - 3 ; 1 )
BC . DE = (- 3 ) ´ (- 5 ) + 1 ´ (- 3 ) = 15 + (- 3 ) = 12 : ﻣﻨﻪ
BE ( x E - x B ; y E - y B ) CD ( x D - x C ; y D - y C )
ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ
BE ( - 3 ; - 5 ) CD ( 5 ; - 3 ) 2
(BE ) ^ (CD ) : ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ BE . CD = -3 ´ 5 + (- 5 ) ´ (- 3 ) = -15 + 15 = 0 : ﻣﻨﻪ
ì x D + x E - 3
ïï x
M = =
2 2
í : ﺇﺫﻥ [DE ] ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒM ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ
ï y = y D + y E = - 1
ïî M 2 2
AM (x M - x A ; y M - y A ) 3
BC ( x C - x B ; y C - y B )
æ - 1 - 3 ö ﻭ : ﺇﺫﻥ
AM ç ; ÷ BC ( - 3 ; 1 )
è 2 2 ø
æ - 1 ö æ - 3 ö 3 3
( AM ) ^ (BC ) :ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ BC . AM = -3 ´ ç ÷ + 1 ´ ç ÷ = - = 0 : ﻣﻨﻪ
è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 2
. ﻣﻨﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺍء ﺃﻥ ﻧﺒﺮﻫﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ : ´
1/6
2 ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ
(
D 0 ; 1 + 3 ) ﻭ C (- 1 ; 1 ) ﻭ B (1 ; 3 ) ﻭ A ( 1 ; 1 )
AC ( x C - x A ; y C - y A ) AB ( x B - x A ; y B - y A )
AB . AC = 0 ´ (- 2 ) + 0 ´ 2 = 0 + 0 = 0 : ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ
AC ( - 2 ; 0 ) AB ( 0 ; 2 ) 1
CD ( x D - x C ; y D - y C ) CB ( x B - x C ; y B - y C )
ﻭ ﻭ CA ( 2 ; 0 ) ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ
(
CD 1 ; 3 ) CB ( 2 ; 2 )
ﺃ
CB = 2 2 + 2 2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 ﻭ CA = 2 2 + 0 2 = 4 = 2 : ﺇﺫﻥ
CA . CD = 2 ´ 1 + 0 ´ 3 = 2 ﻭ CA . CB = 2 ´ 2 + 0 ´ 2 = 4 ﺏ
2 0
(
sin CA, CB = ) (
det CA . CB ) = 2 2
=
4 - 0
=
2
(
ﻭcos CA , CB =
CA . CB
= )
4
=
2 2
CA CB 2 ´ 2 2 4 2 2 CA CB 2 ´ 2 2 2
ﺝ
2 0
(
sin CA , CD = ) (
det CA . CD ) = 1 3
=
2 3 - 0
=
3
ﻭcos CA , CD =
CA . CD
( =
2
=
1
)
CA CD 2 ´ 2 4 2 CA CD 2 ´ 2 2
(CA , CB ) º p4 [2 p ] :ﻓﺈﻥ sin(CA , CB ) = 2 2 ﻭcos(CA , CB ) = 2 2 : ﺃﻥ ﺑﻤﺎ
ﺩ
p
(CA , CD ) º 3 [2 p ] :ﻓﺈﻥ sin(CA , CD ) = 2 ﻭcos(CA , CD ) = 2 : ﺃﻥ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻭ
3 1
Cos
p
= Cos CB , CD = ( ) CB . CD
=
2 ´ 1 + 2 ´ 3
=
2 + 2 3 1 + 3 1 + 3 ´ 2
= = =
( ) 2 + 6
12 CB CD 2 2 ´ 2 4 2 2 2 4 4
2 2 4
Sin
p
(
= Sin CB , CD = ) (
det CB . CD )= 1 3
=
2 3 - 2
=
3 - 1
=
( )
3 - 1 ´ 2
=
6 - 2
12 CB CD 2 2 ´ 2 4 2 2 2 4 4
.ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺟﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺟﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ : ´
2/6
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ3
A (2 , 2 ) ﻭ B (- 1, 1 ) ﻭ C (0 , - 1 )
ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) (Dﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ B ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ . ( AC )
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ M ( x , y ) ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ.
AC (- 2 ; - 3 ) ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ BM ( x + 1 ; y - 1 ) : ﺃ
M Î (D ) Û BM .AC = 0 Û - 2 ( x + 1 ) - 3 ( y - 1 ) = 0 Û - 2 x - 2 - 3 y + 3 = 0 Û - 2 x - 3 y + 1 = 0
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ (D ) : - 2 x - 3 y + 1 = 0 :ﺃﻭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ (D ) : 2 x + 3 y - 1 = 0 :
ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺩﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ( AC )
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ M ( x , y ) ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ.
AC (- 2 ; - 3 ) ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ AM ( x - 2 ; y - 2 ) :
x - 2 y - 2
(
M Î ( AC ) Û det AM . AC = 0 Û ) - 2 - 3
= 0 Û - 3 ( x - 2 ) + 2 ( y - 2 ) = 0
ﺏ
2
Û - 3 x + 6 + 2 y - 4 = 0 Û - 3 x + 2 y + 2 = 0
( AC ) : ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ( AC ) : - 3 x + 2 y + 2 = 0 :ﺃﻭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ 3 x - 2 y - 2 = 0 :
ﺣﺪﺩ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺘﻲ H ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ) (Dﻭ ( AC )
ì2 x + 3 y = 1
í ﺇﺫﻥ ﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻲ ) (Dﻭ ٬ ( AC ) ﺃﻱ :
î3 x - 2 y = 2
1 3 2 3 ﺝ
= D x = Dﻭ = -2 - 6 = -8 ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ= -4 - 9 = -13 :
2 - 2 3 - 2
æ 8 - 1 ö D y - 1 D x 8 2 1
H ç ; y = ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ÷ : = x = ﻭ = = ٬ D y ﻣﻨﻪ: ﻭ = 4 - 3 = 1
è 13 13 ø D 13 D 13 3 2
CB ( - 1 ; 2 ﺇﺫﻥ CA = 4 + 9 = 13 : ﻭ CB = 1 + 4 = 5 ﻭ ) ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ CA ( 2 ; 3 ) :
CA . CB 3
(
cos CA , CB = ) =
- 2 + 6
13 ´ 5
=
4
65
=
4 65
65
CA CB
ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺩﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ (L ) ﻭ ﺍﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ[AB ]
æ 1 3 ö æ 2 + (- 1 ) 2 + 1 ö
÷ K ç ; ç K ﺃﻱ : ÷ ; ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ K ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ٬ [ AB ] ﺇﺫﻥ :
è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø
æ 1 3 ö
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ M ( x , y ) ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ . ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ AB (- 3 ; - 1 ) :ﻭ ÷ KM ç x - ; y -
è 2 2 ø
4
3/6
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ4
C (1 , 0 ) ﻭ (
B 0 , 3 ) ﻭ (
A 1, 2 3 )
BC 1 ; - 3 ﺇﺫﻥ BA = 1 + 3 = 2 : ﻭ BC = 1 + 3 = 2 ( ﻭ ) (
BA 1 ; 3 ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) :
1
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ABC : ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔB
1 3
( )
sin BA , BC =
( ) = 1
det BA . BC - 3
=
- 2 3 - 3
= cos BA , BC = ﻭ
BA . BC
=(1 - 3 - 1
= )
BA BC 2 ´ 2 4 2 BA BC 2 ´ 2 2 2
( )
tan BA , BC =
= ( ) = - 3 ´ 2
sin BA , BC
3 ﻣﻨﻪ:
cos (BA , BC ) 2 - 1
ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ) (Dﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ B ﻟﻠﻤﺜﻠﺚ ABC
ﺇﺫﻥ ) (Dﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ B ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ( AC )
(
BM x ; y - 3 ﻭ ) (
AC 0 ; - 2 3 ﻟﺘﻜﻦ M (x , y ) ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ) .
3
M Î (D ) Û BM .AC = 0 Û 0 ´ x - 2 3 y - ( 3 ) = 0 Û - 2 3 (y - 3 ) = 0
Û y - 3 = 0
(D ) : y - ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ 3 = 0 :
ﻟﻴﻜﻦ E ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ٬ [ AB ] ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ C ﻟﻠﻤﺜﻠﺚ ABC ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ (EC )
æ 1 3 3 ö
E çç ; ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺩﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ٬ (EC ) ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ÷ :
÷
è 2 2 ø
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ) M ( x , y ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ.
æ 1 3 3 ö
EC çç ; - ÷
÷ ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ CM ( x - 1 ; y ) :
è 2 2 ø 4
4/6
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ4
(
det AB , AC )
(
AC 0 ; - 2 3 ﻭ ) (
AB - 1 ; - 3 S ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) : ABC =
2
ﻫﻲ: ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚABC
: ´ ﻟﻠﺘﺬﻛﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ٬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻬﻮ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ.
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ5
ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺩﻳﻜﺎﺭﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ (D )
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ M ( x , y ) ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ.
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ AM ( x + 1 ; y ) :ﻭ u ( 2 ; 4 ) 1
M Î ( D ) Û AM .u = 0 Û 2 ( x + 1 ) + 4 y = 0 Û 2 x + 4 y + 2 = 0 Û x + 2 y + 1 = 0
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ (D ) : x + 2 y + 1 = 0 :
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ (D ) : 2 x = y + 4 ﻣﻨﻪ (D ) : 2 x - y - 4 = 0 :ﺇﺫﻥ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬ ﺔ v ( 2 ; - 1 ) :ﻣﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ) (D
2
ﻭ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ u ( 2 ; 4 ) ﻣﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ٬ (D ) ﻭ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ u .v = 2 ´ 2 - 1 ´ 4 = 4 - 4 = 0 : ﻓﺈﻥ u ^ v : ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ(D ) ^ (D ) :
2 x A - y A - 4 - 2 - 0 - 4 6 6 5
= ) )d ( A ; (D = = = 3
2 + (- 1 )
2 2
5 5 5
ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ) ٬ (Dﻓﺈﻥ H ﻫﻲ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ H ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ A ﻋﻠﻰ ) ٬ (Dﻭ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ (D ) ﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ A
ì x + 2 y = -1 ì x + 2 y + 1 = 0
í íﺃﻱ : ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ (D ) ﻭ ) ٬ (Dﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ:
î2 x - y = 4 î2 x - y - 4 = 0
- 1 2 1 2 4
= D x = Dﻭ = 1 - 8 = -7 ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ= -1 - 4 = -5 :
4 - 1 2 - 1
æ 7 - 6 ö D y - 6 D x 7 1 - 1
H ç ; = y = ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ÷ : ﻭ x = = = ٬ D y ﻣﻨﻪ: ﻭ = 4 + 2 = 6
è 5 5 ø D 5 D 5 2 4
: ´ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ.
5/6
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ5
æ 12 - 6 ö
AH ç ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ d ( A ; (D ) ) = AH ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ; ÷ :
è 5 5 ø
2 2 5
æ 12 ö æ - 6 ö 144 36 180 36 ´ 5 6 5
= ÷ d ( A ; (D ) ) = ç ÷ + ç + = = = ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :
è 5 ø è 5 ø 25 25 25 5 5
: ´ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ٬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ.
ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ6
C ( - 1 , - 4 )
A ( 1 ; - 2 ) ﻭ B (2 , 0 )
ﻭ
ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺘﻲ H ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ABC
ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ H ﻫﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ . ABC
ﻟﻨﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺇﺫﻥ (D ) ﺍﻹﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ A ﻭ ) (Dﺍﻹﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ٬ B ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ H ﻫﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ (D ) ﻭ ) (D
ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻲ (D ) ﻭ ) (D
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ BC (- 3 , - 4 ) :ﻭ AC (- 2 , - 2 )
M ( x , y ) ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ.
6/6