HAND

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TOOLS
 FILE
It is a tool used for removing small quantity of
surplus material from a work piece. It is made
of HCS or High grade cast steel. Body
portion is hardened& tempered.

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 PARTS OF THE FILE
Tip The end opposite to tang.
Face The surface of the file, which consists of
teeth.
Edge The thin part of the file with single row of
parallel teeth.
Heel The portion of the broad part without
teeth.
Tang The narrow and thin part of the file which
fits into the handle.
Handle The part fitted to tang for holding the file.
Ferrule The protective metal ring to prevent
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cracking of handle.
 TYPES OF CUT

o Single cut file

o Double cut file
o Rasp cut file

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 SINGLE CUT FILE

o A single cut file has rows of teeth cut in one direction

across its face either straight, inclined or curved so it
is called single cut or under cut or float cut files.

o The teeth are at angle is 60º to the centre line.

o Useful for filing soft metals like brass, Al, bronze, Cu.

o Removes less stock.

o Provides good surface finish.

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 DOUBLE CUT FILE

o A double cut file has two rows of teeth cut diagonal to

each other.

o The first row of teeth known as over cut with an angle of

50º-60º.

o The other cut made diagonal to this is known as up cut

with an angle of 70º-80º

o Metal removal is faster.

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 DOUBLE CUT FILE
o The files are grouped such as rough, bastard, 2rd
cut,smoothdead and super smooth according to the cuts

o This is generally used type of file

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 RASP CUT FILE
o It has coarse and fine triangular shaped teeth
projecting over the body.
o It has individual sharp, pointed teeth in a line.
o Useful for filing wood, leather & other soft
materials.
o Available in only half round shape.

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DIFFERENT FILES

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 SPECIFICATION OF FILE
A File is specified by
o Length of file – Length is the distance from the tip of
the file to the heel.
4”, 6”, 8”, 12”, 14”, 16”.
o Grade – File grades are determined by the spacing of
the teeth. Different Grades of the file- Rough, bastard,
second cut, smooth, dead smooth and Super smooth

o Cut of file - single/double cut.

o Shape of file - The shape of the file is specified by their

cross-section. Flat, triangular, square, half round,
round, knife edge
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GRADE OF FILES

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GRADE OF FILES

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GRADE OF FILES

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METHOD OF FIXING HANDLE IN FILE

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 TYPES OF FILES
o Flat file
o Safe edge file
o Square file
o Round file
o Half round file
o Tri-angular file
o Knife edge file

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 FLAT FILE
o Flat file are of rectangular cross section.
o Edges along the width are parallel up to 2/3 of the
length and then taper towards the point.
o Faces are double cut, and the edges are single cut.
o Used for general filing of external & internal surfaces.

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HAND FILE OR SAFE EDGE FILE

o Cross section is similar to Hand file is (rectangular).

o Edges along the width are parallel throughout its
length.
o Faces are double cut.
o One edge is single cut & other is safe edge.
o Safe edge helps to file surfaces which are at right
angles to surfaces already finished.
o Its used to filing steps, shoulder to square work but not
touching or spoiling the adjacent surface which already
made true

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 SQUARE FILE

o Cross section is square.

o The width is parallel up to the middle and then taper
towards the tip.
o It has double cuts on the all four faces
o Used for filing square holes, internal Square corners,
rectangular, openings, Keyways & splines

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 ROUND FILE
o Cross section is round.
o It have same diameter up to 2/3 of its length and then
taper towards the tip.
o It have single cut all over the body
o Used for enlarging circular holes & filing
o Profiles with fillets

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DIAMOND FILE

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 HALF ROUND FILE

o Cross section is segment of a circle.

o It has double cuts on its face and
o single cut on the all over its body.
o Used for filing internal curved surface

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 TRIANGULAR FILE
o Cross section is triangular (60º).
o It has double cuts on all the three faces
o Used for filing, vee - grooves corners & angles, the
file is also used by carpenters for sharpening the
hack saw which are more than 60º.

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FLAT,TRIANGULAR FILE

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 KNIFE EDGE FILE
o Cross section is a sharp triangle.
o Used for filing narrow grooves & angles
above 10º.

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NEEDLE FILE

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF FILING

o Straight filing
o Cross filling
o Draw filing

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 TOPIC RELATED TO FILE
o Convexity of file

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THANK YOU

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