Slides Curso de Ingles Intermedio - Escritura

Intermediate
English Course:
Writing
Andrés Moncada
Hey, I’m Andrés!
I have:
● Bachelor’s degree in
Spanish & English
teaching.
● 7 years of experience
teaching languages.
● A TESOL Certificate.
● Taught children,
teenagers and adults.
What will you
learn in this
course?
● Types of sentences
● Unity and Coherence
● Types of paragraphs
● Academic writing
● Informal writing
Benefits of
writing
● Improve your
English by producing
the language.
● Be prepared for
International exams.
● Be able to
communicate well in
English.
You’ll have to
● Have taken the

previous course on
Writing.
● Read a lot.
● Complete the writing
exercises through
the course.
● Take time to
practice.
Let’s get started!
Looking Back
on Writing
Basic Aspects
on Writing
Basic Aspects on Writing
Capitalization Abbreviation
Bogotá Mr. = Mister
Basic Aspects on Writing
Indentation Punctuation
,|.|:|;|-
Grammar and Vocabulary
Parts of speech
Appropriate lexicon
Stages of Writing
PREWRITING
DRAFTING
REVISING
EDITING
PUBLISHING
Let’s practice
1. maria is my favorite
teacher.
2. Robert is helpful
3. A birds can fly.
4. Don’t say that?
The Other Two
Structures of
Sentences
Clauses
Independent clause Dependent clause

Main clause Subordinate clause
Clauses
Independent clause
Main clause
Light Board
Clauses
Dependent clause
Subordinate clause
Dependent Clause
It contains a Subordinating Conjunction,

SUBJECT, a VERB, and a Complement.
Because I like it.
Although she looked tired.

Light Board
Jet lag affects most
long-distance travelers.
Dependent Clause
Independent Clause
Jet lag affects most
long-distance travelers.
Independent Clause
Even when the traveler arrives early in the
morning and cannot go to bed immediately
Dependent Clause
Independent Clause
Even when the traveler arrives early in the
morning and cannot go to bed immediately
Dependent Clause
Susan studied in the library for her
chemistry quiz.
Dependent Clause
Independent Clause
Susan studied in the library for her
chemistry quiz.
Independent Clause
If it is sunny this weekend
Dependent Clause
Independent Clause
If it is sunny this weekend
Dependent Clause
Structure
Complex: Compound complex:

One Independent Two or more
Clause Independent Clauses
One or more One or more

Dependent Clause Dependent Clause
Light Board
It’s your turn!
● Although it was hard

for me.
● Since we met.
● But nothing
happened.
● Because I need it.
● Even though she
finished on time.
It’s your turn!
I passed the exam,

although it was hard
for me. (complex)
From a Sentence
to a Paragraph
Paragraph
Structure
Basic structure
What does a paragraph
consist of?
● Topic sentence
● Supporting
sentences
● Concluding
sentence
Example:
Gold
“Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important
characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty
that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable
for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never
needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For
example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as
the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another important
characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and
science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of
industrial applications such as photography and dentistry.
The most recent use of gold is in astronaut suits.
Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection
when they go out outside spaceships in space. In
conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but
also for its utility.”
Oshima, A, & Hogue, A. (1991) Writing Academic English NY, Longman
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Now you write!
Paragraph Creation Topics
● Learning Online
“Learning online requires discipline and
motivation.”
● Cell phones
“When buying cell phones, people should look
for two important features.”
● Driving
“Driving requires alertness and skill.”
Unity and
Coherence
“What is written
without effort is read
without pleasure”
Samuel Johnson
Unity
What is Unity?
● Unity means that a paragraph discusses only

one main idea.
● The main idea is stated in the topic sentence,

and every supporting sentence must directly
explain or prove the main idea.
Topic Sentence:
My mom is extremely generous.
Supporting Sentences :
She often lets people in need stay in her home. She has
even hosted homeless people temporarily. Additionally,
she sends money to her family in Chile every month to
help them with their bills. She always brings flowers or
food to her friends when they are sick or have a need.
Concluding Sentence:
My mother is one of the most generous people I know.
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
It is easy to get a sports injury.
Many people make the mistake of joining a gym, and

then they never go to it.
Runners often have problems with their ankles

and knees.
Lots of people love playing sports.

It is easy to get a sports injury.
Runners often have problems with their ankles

and knees.
My city is famous for its architecture.
A famous bar is located on the side of a mountain.
We have antique blue-tiled buildings at downtown.
It has lavish tree-lined boulevards with beautiful

buildings and monuments.
The restaurants near the airport serve big portions.

My city is famous for its architecture.
We have antique blue-tiled buildings at downtown.
It has lavish tree-lined boulevards with beautiful

buildings and monuments.
It’s your turn!
● Computers are
useful in many ways.
● There are some
characteristics that I
always look for in a
good hotel.
● There are many
ways to show
respect to older
people.
Coherence
What is Coherence?
It means that your paragraph is easy to read and

understand because:
● Your supporting sentences are in some kind of

logical order.
● Your ideas are connected by the use of

appropriate transition signals.
4 Tips to Have a
Coherent Paragraph
● Repeating Key Nouns
● Using Consistent Pronouns
● Using Transition Signals
● Organizing the Points Logically

Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
Example:
Gold
It’s over you
Read one of your fellow

student’s paragraph
from the previous
class on unity, and
identify these four tips
we learned in this
class.
Key Nouns Repetition
Key nouns repetition
Example:
English
English has almost become an international language.
Except for Chinese, more people speak it than any other
language. Spanish is the official language of more
countries in the world, but more countries have it as their
official or unofficial second language. More than 70
percent of the world's mail is written in it. It is the
primary language on the Internet. In international
business, it is used more than any other language, and it
is the language of airline pilots and air traffic
controllers all over the world. Moreover, although French
used to be the language of diplomacy, it has displaced it
throughout the world. Therefore, unless you plan to spend
your life alone on a desert island in the middle of the
Pacific Ocean, it is a useful language to know.

Example:
English
English has almost become an international language.
Except for Chinese, more people speak English than any
other language. Spanish is the official language of more
countries in the world, but more countries have English as
their official or unofficial second language. More than 70
percent of the world's mail is written in this language.
English is the primary language on the Internet. In
international business, English is used more than any other
language, and it is the language of airline pilots and air
traffic controllers all over the world. Moreover, although
French used to be the language of diplomacy, English has
displaced it throughout the world. Therefore, unless you
plan to spend your life alone on a desert island in the
middle of the Pacific Ocean, English is a useful language
to know.
Your turn!
● Dolphins
● A dolphin
● Mammal (s)
Dolphins
Dolphins are interesting because they display almost

human behavior at times. For example, they display the human
emotions of joy and sadness. During training, when they do
something correctly, they squeal excitedly and race toward
their trainer.
When they make a mistake, however, they droop noticeably and
mope around their pool. Furthermore, they help each other
when they are in trouble. lf one is sick, it sends out a
message, and others in the area swim to help it. They push
it to the surface of the water so that it can breathe. They
stay with it for days or weeks until it recovers or dies.
They have also helped trapped or lost whales navigate their
way safely out to the open sea. They are so intelligent and
helpful, in fact, that the U.S. Navy is training them to
become underwater bomb disposal experts.

Consistent
Pronouns
Consistent Pronouns
Person Number Subject Object Possessive
Singular I me my mine
First
Plural we us our ours
Singular you you your yours

Second
Plural you you your yours
he him his his
Singular she her her hers

Third
it it its its
Plural they them their theirs

Robert decided at the beginning of Robert’s first
semester of college that Robert would run for thirty
minutes every day. Robert knew that Robert would
be taking a literature class with a lot of reading, so
instead of buying print copies of all the novels
Robert’s teacher had assigned, Robert bought the
audiobooks. That way Robert could listen to the
audiobooks while Robert was exercising at the gym.
Robert decided at the beginning of his first
semester of college that he would run for thirty
minutes every day. Robert knew that he would be
taking a literature class with a lot of reading, so
instead of buying print copies of all the novels his
teacher had assigned, Robert bought the
audiobooks. That way he could listen to the
audiobooks while he was exercising at the gym.
Olympic athletes must be strong both physically and
mentally. First of all, if you hope to compete in an
Olympic sport, you must be physically strong.
Furthermore, aspiring Olympians must train rigorously
for many years. For the most demanding sports, they
train several hours a day, five or six days a week, for
ten or more years. In addition to being physically
strong, athletes must also be mentally tough. This means
that you have to be totally dedicated to your sport,
often giving up a normal school, family, and social
life. Being mentally strong also means that he or she
must be able to withstand the intense pressure of
international competition with its accompanying media
coverage. Finally, not everyone can win a medal, so
Olympians must possess the inner strength to live with
defeat.

Your turn!
What is the pronoun that could replace
“Olympic Athletes”?
YOU
HE
THEY
What is the pronoun that could replace
“Olympic Athletes”?
THEY
Your challenge
Go back to the
paragraph about
Olympic Athletes and
rewrite that paragraph
but using consistent
pronouns.
Linking Words
Linking words
Logical Order
Logical Order
3 possible orders
● Time
● Space
● Order of importance
Example:
“When you drive into the airport you will see

many signs for the different terminals. After you
pass the signs, you will drive over a hill. The
airport is on the other side of the hill. On your
right, you will see the international terminal.
This terminal is two stories tall. The front is
all glass. On the left, you will see the domestic
terminals. . .”
Savage. A; Shafiei. M. (2007) Effective Academic Writing
TIME SPACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

Example:
“When you drive into the airport you will see

many signs for the different terminals. After you
pass the signs, you will drive over a hill. The
airport is on the other side of the hill. On your
right, you will see the international terminal.
This terminal is two stories tall. The front is
all glass. On the left, you will see the domestic
terminals. . .”

Your turn!
● Time
● Space
● Order of Importance
Paragraph 1
”My favorite restaurant is in an old house. It is
very convenient because it is in my neighborhood.We
can drive, or if the evening is pleasant, we can
walk. It has a nice atmosphere and friendly service.
We know some of the waiters and waitresses so we
enjoy talking to them because they ask us about our
children. We especially like the decorations.The
walls are soft yellow, and candles and fresh flowers
are on the tables inside and outside. Finally, the
food is excellent. The cook is the owner and he
makes delicious dishes with fresh ingredients. We
always enjoy his meals.”

Paragraph 1
”My favorite restaurant is in an old house. It is
very convenient because it is in my neighborhood.We
can drive, or if the evening is pleasant, we can
walk. It has a nice atmosphere and friendly service.
We know some of the waiters and waitresses so we
enjoy talking to them because they ask us about our
children. We especially like the decorations.The
walls are soft yellow, and candles and fresh flowers
are on the tables inside and outside. Finally, the
food is excellent. The cook is the owner and he
makes delicious dishes with fresh ingredients. We
always enjoy his meals.”

Paragraph 2
”My favorite restaurant is in an old house. My
husband and I enjoy eating there on summer evenings.
We usually walk from our house so we can enjoy our
neighbors´ gardens and get a little bit of exercise.
The afternoon sun shines through the trees but it is
not too bright. We arrive at dusk, and if we are
lucky, we can sit outside. The waiter brings a
basket of warm bread and a cold drink. We have an
appetizer or a salad while the sun goes down. Then
the waiter lights the candles while we enjoy the
main course. By the time we finish dessert, it is
night time. We walk home slowly, feeling full but
happy in the moonlight.”

Paragraph 2
”My favorite restaurant is in an old house. My
husband and I enjoy eating there on summer evenings.
We usually walk from our house so we can enjoy our
neighbors´ gardens and get a little bit of exercise.
The afternoon sun shines through the trees but it is
not too bright. We arrive at dusk, and if we are
lucky, we can sit outside. The waiter brings a
basket of warm bread and a cold drink. We have an
appetizer or a salad while the sun goes down. Then
the waiter lights the candles while we enjoy the
main course. By the time we finish dessert, it is
night time. We walk home slowly, feeling full but
happy in the moonlight.”

It’s your turn to
write Coherently
Write a paragraph
about one of these
topics with the 4 tips of
this module.
● Computers
● Health
● English
● Sports
Academic Writing
Facts & Opinions
Facts vs Opinions
Writing for a
specific reason
● Making an argument
for or against
● Comparing /
contrasting
● Trying to persuade
● Helping someone
Support your
ideas and
opinions
● Facts
Statistics
Quotations
● Sources
Books
Magazines
Newspapers
Opinions
● Getting a tattoo is
worthless.
● Smoking is a bad
habit.
● Spanish is an easy
language to learn.
Facts
● Women live longer

than men.
● At sea level, water
boils at 100 degrees
Celsius.
● Cigarettes are
addictive.
Identity theft is more serious than
any other type of theft.
Specific Fact
Fact that needs proof
Opinion
Identity theft is more serious than
any other type of theft.
Opinion
Identity theft is increasing at a rapid pace.
Specific Fact
Opinion
Identity theft is increasing at a rapid pace.

In 2000, 31,000 cases of identity theft were
reported to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC);
in 2003, the number was 210,000.
Specific fact
Opinion
In 2000, 31,000 cases of identity theft were
reported to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC);
in 2003, the number was 210,000.
Specific fact
Most people do not report identity
theft to the police.
Specific fact
Opinion
Most people do not report identity
theft to the police.

Plagiarism
Plagiarism is using
someone else's words
or ideas as if they were
your own, and it is a
serious offense.
Quotations &
Statistics
What is a
quotation?
“A sentence or phrase
that is taken out of a
book, poem, or play”
- Cambridge
Dictionary
Direct Quotation
- Dr. Brown said, “I

have bad news”
- The footballer
mentioned, “To
properly win the
match, you have to
practice a lot”
Indirect Quotation
- The president stated

that he was going to
fight against
corruption.
- According to the
United Nations
president this
environmental
problem has been
increasing rapidly.
Statistics
● Bar charts
● Line graphs
● Tables
● Pie charts
Example
An American study in 2018 made by Dr. Smith counted
more female internet users than male internet
users.
Example
Women should pay attention to the

amount of time they spend on the internet.
According to Dr Smith (2018) women tend to
spend more time on the internet than men. It
is normal to see the reaction. . .
Tips
● Don’t forget to cite:

○ In-text citation
○ “Works Cited”
Tips
Use these verbs:
- Assert
- Insist
- Report
- Suggest
- Claim
- Declare
- Mention
- State
Tips
Use these expressions:
● According to…
● As stated by…
● As claimed by…
The direct quotation needs
quotation marks “. . . “
True
False
The direct quotation needs
quotation marks “. . . “
True
It is recommended to let the reader
know the source you took a piece of
information from.
True
False
It is recommended to let the reader
know the source you took a piece of
information from.
True
Quotations and statistics can
be considered as facts.
True
False
Quotations and statistics can
be considered as facts.
True
Practice!
Write a paragraph in
which you use your
opinion in the topic
sentence and support
that opinion with
relevant quotations
and statistics.
Types of
Paragraphs I
Descriptive
Paragraph
Descriptive
● How is the woman

dressed?
● Where is she?
● Have you ever seen
someone dressed
like this?
Example:
Vanessa is a happy single mom. As she is

pregnant, she is wearing soft and baggy
pieces of clothing to make her feel more
comfortable. She always dreamt of being a
mom and moving to another country with her
baby to start a new life. Therefore,
Vanessa must decide which country to
travel now that she is about to deliver
her baby. Although it is a hard decision
to make, she is taking some tea, feeling
relaxed and happy. In sum, Vanessa feels
very excited about her baby.
Example:
Vanessa is a happy single mom. As she is

pregnant, she is wearing soft and baggy
pieces of clothing to make her feel more
comfortable. She always dreamed of being a
mom and moving to another country with her
baby to start a new life. Therefore,
Vanessa must decide which country to
travel now that she is about to deliver
her baby. Although it is a hard decision
to make, she is taking some tea, feeling
relaxed and fulfilled. In sum, Vanessa
feels very excited about her baby.
Descriptive
Paragraph
● Adjectives
- Baggy
- Traditional
- Old
- Colorful
Let’s practice
Jewelry Electronic Clothing

Devices
- Silver - Practical - Worn

- Delicate - Useful - Colorful
- Round - Convenient - Silk
Structure of a
Descriptive Paragraph
Topic Sentence
● It introduces the item that the writer will

describe.
● It may also include the writer’s general feeling
or opinion about the item.
Structure of a
Supporting Sentences
● They give some background information about

the item.
● They give descriptive details about the item.
● They may also describe in more detail how the
writer feels about the item.
Structure of a
Concluding Sentence
● The paragraph ends with a concluding

sentence that restates the idea in the topic
sentence using different words.
Example:
The long life of my grandfather’s car
I own a car that has special meaning for me because it

belonged to my grandfather. When he was a young man, he
saved money so he could buy a beautiful car to use on
trips around the country. He finally bought a Cadillac
convertible. It was white and blue with silver trim. There
were white circles on the tires, and had a powerful horn
that made people jump out of his way. The seats were also
white, but the dashboard was black. The steering wheel had
a brown leather cover. The mats were gray and always
clean. My grandfather took very good care of the car and
after he died my uncle gave it to me. I am very happy
because it still has the original motor and the body is
intact. If it has problems, I will fix it myself. I plan
to take very good care of my grandfather’s car because
someday I will use it to travel to all the states and
cities that my grandfather visited when he was a young
man.
Example:

man.
Example:

man.
Narrative
Paragraph
Narrative
Focuses on events,
stories, experiences.
Let’s practice
1. When did the experience take place? How long

did the experience last?
2. Where did the experience take place?
3. What clear and specific memories do you have

of the experience?
Structure of a
Narrative Paragraph
● Topic Sentence
It tells the reader what the story will be about.

lt may also tell when and where the story took
place. The topic sentence should capture the
reader's interest.
Structure of a
Narrative Paragraph
● Supporting Sentences
They tell the details of the story, including the

sequence of events. They also include sensory
details, such as what the author saw, heard,
smelled, or tasted.
They may also tell about the writer's feelings
during the events.
Structure of a
Narrative Paragraph
● Concluding Sentence
The concluding sentence "wraps up" the story.

lt may include a comment about why the
experience was important or how the writer felt
after it.
The Best Hamburger of My Life
When I was thirteen years old, I had a great surprise at the

Grand Hotel in Toronto. My favorite soccer team was visiting
from Mexico, so I went to the hotel to get autographs from some
of the players. When I got there, I waited outside for a long
time because I was very nervous. Finally, I told my legs to
start moving, and I went up to my favorite striker, Sergio
Verdirame, and asked for his autograph. My voice was trembling,
but I controlled it. He stopped to listen to me, and then an
amazing thing happened. He invited me to his table for dinner. I
could not believe it! Suddenly I was sitting across the table
from Sergio Verdirame! I ordered a big hamburger with everything
on it except onions. When the food came, my hands were shaking,
and I could not eat or talk. After a while, I took a deep breath
and said to myself, "Hey, this happens just once in your life."
I got rid of my nerves and started talking with the team and
enjoying my hamburger. They were really great guys, and we had a
good time laughing and joking together. That was the most
delicious hamburger I ever ate in my life because I was eating
it with my idol.

it with my idol.

it with my idol.

it with my idol.

it with my idol.

it with my idol.
It’s your turn to
write!
Descriptive
● Topic sentence
Item the author describes:
The author’s general feeling about the item:
● Supporting sentences
Background information about the item:
Descriptive details about the item:
Details about the author's feelings
● Concluding sentence
Restated idea:
Narrative
● Topic sentence
What is the story about?
Where and when did it take place?
● Supporting sentence
What happened first?
What happened next?
What else happened?
How did the experience end?
What was important about the experience?
How did it affect you?
Types of
Paragraphs II
Expository
Paragraph
Expository
Paragraph
Explains something or
provides instruction.
Let’s practice
1. What is that process that you know that your

reader might find useful?
2. What steps does your reader need to take to

get that task done?
3. What are the benefits of doing such a task or

process?
Structure of an Expository
Paragraph
● Topic Sentence
It introduces the process that the writer will explain.
They describe the sequence of steps that give
detailed information about the stages of the process.
They may also give background details that help
define the process for the real or explain why this
process is useful or necessary. They may also include
the tools needed for the task.
Structure of an Expository
Paragraph
It restates the topic sentence using different words
It may also include a suggestion or warning to help
the reader do the task more easily.
Example:
How flush tanks work
All toilet flush tanks work about the same. When the
toilet is flushed, the trip handle lifts the tank ball,
opening the outlet and letting water flow into the bowl.
When the tank is nearly empty, the ball falls back in
place over the outlet. The float falls with the water
level, opening the water-supply inlet valve just as the
outlet is being closed, and the tank is refilled through
the filler tube. Water also flows through the bowl refill
tube into the overflow pipe to replenish trap-sealing
water. As the water level in the tank nears the top of the
overflow pipe, the float closes the inlet valve,
completing the cycle.
Taken from:
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL10_types_of_paragraphs.html
Example:
Taken from:
Example:
Taken from:
Example:
Taken from:
Persuasive
Paragraph
Persuasive
Paragraph
Expresses and
supports an opinion to
persuade the reader.
Let’s practice
Opportunities Cost of living Attractions
- Inexpensive
- Low
- Climate restaurants
unemployment
- Beautiful - Convenient
- Excellent
scenery public
colleges
- Interesting transportation
- World-class
architecture - Affordable
museums
housing
Structure of a Persuasive
Paragraph
● Topic Sentence
It introduces the topic and states the writer’s opinion
about the topic.
They give reasons that support the writer's opinion.
Writers often use facts, explanations, and personal
experiences to support their opinions.
Structure of a Persuasive
Paragraph
It restates the writer's opinion in different words.
lt also comments on the opinion in some way.
The concluding sentence sometimes summarizes the
main reasons for the writer's opinion.
Example:
A Vietnamese Paradise
In Vietnam, the best place to spend a honeymoon is the beautiful

mountain city called DaLat. For many reasons, this romantic city has
the perfect atmosphere for a new husband and wife to celebrate their
marriage and plan their future. First of all, the scenery provides a
beautiful setting for walking and talking. The climate is pleasant
all year round because it is high above the ocean. Sometimes fog
comes in and the city becomes mysterious and private. At other
times, the sun shines, and DaLat is cheerful and lively. There are
beautiful gardens and lovely French colonial architecture. Young
couples can walk along the boulevards in the shade of tall pine
trees. They can sit on benches. in the flower parks and hold hands.
In addition, DaLat is fashionable. There are excellent hotels that
have special rooms for honeymooners with candles and beautiful
decorations. Also, the streets are full of activity, so the
newlyweds can go out to one of the stylish restaurants that are open
until late at night. The lights are soft, and the music is romantic.
The newlyweds can eat delicious food, listen to music, and meet
other young couples in love. DaLat is the Vietnamese people's first
choice for a honeymoon because it has lovely natural scenery, many
romantic places to stay, and exciting things to do.
Example:

Example:

Example:

It’s your turn to
write!
Expository
● Topic sentence
What is the task or process?
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
What is the piece of advice to do such a process?
Persuasive
● Topic sentence
State the topic and your opinion about the topic.
What are some reasons for your opinion?
Restate your opinion and comment on it, or summarize the
main reasons.
Informal Writing
Academic vs.
Informal Writing
Academic vs. Informal
Differences between academic
and informal writing
Academic Informal
Full sentences Short sentences

- I need you to work from - Work from office.
the office.
No contractions Contractions
- I would - I’d
Academic Informal
No idioms Idioms
- By doing that single - We killed two birds with
action we could achieve one stone.
two things.
Phrasal verbs
No phrasal verbs - Look into
- To investigate
Academic Informal
Passive voice Active voice

- The form was - I already completed the
already completed. form.
No abbreviations Abbreviations
- As soon as possible - ASAP
The documents are already
signed by the Human
Resources manager.
Academic Writing
Sorry for texting late!
Informal Writing
The exam was a
piece of cake!
Informal Writing
The team has been
implementing those
strategies to the project.
Academic Writing
Practice with me!
Academic Informal
Could you inform me

whether the report is
made?
Practice with me!
Academic Informal
Could you inform me Tell me if you made the

whether the report is report.
made?
Emails
Structure
● Subject
● Begin with a
greeting
● Thank the recipient
● State your purpose
● Keep it short and
straight to the point
● End with a closing
● Signature
Email
address To: vegaff@platzi.com Subject
Subject: Meeting on Friday

Opening
Greeting Dear Mr. Vega,
Thank you for inviting me to that meeting
With reference to your email on March 12th,

Purpose
unfortunately I am unable to attend the
video conference meeting on Friday due to a
previous meeting. However, I would be very
grateful if you could send me a copy of the
agenda. Please find attached the marketing
document.
I look forward to hearing from you in the

near future.
Yours sincerely, Closing

Signature Jaison Peters
To:james45@jahoos.com
Hi James,
Great news! Got the promotion! Let me know if you’re

interested in working with me at Platzi Inc. I’ll keep
you posted over the next couple of days to check out
your resumé so I can tell HR. Attached are the pics of
our recent holiday office party. What you think?
Best wishes,
Lili Brown
Formal Informal
To:james45@jahoos.com
Hi James,
Great news! Got the promotion! Let me know if you’re

interested in working with me at Platzi Inc. I’ll keep
you posted over the next couple of days to check out
your resumé so I can tell HR. Attached are the pics of
our recent holiday office party. What you think?
Best wishes,
Lili Brown
Informal
To:bryian_7@geemail.com
Hello Bryan,
I am writing to ask you about your opinion of the new

summary of the final report (Chapter 4). We will make
an individual document for our internal use. Could
you possibly send me the marketing strategy for the
new product being produced on assembly line two? I am
sorry about the website; we are experiencing some
technical difficulties. If you have any questions,
contact me on my office number.
Look forward to hearing from you.
Elizabeth Witt
Formal Informal
To:bryian_7@geemail.com
Hello Bryan,
I am writing to ask you about your opinion of the new

summary of the final report (Chapter 4). We will make
an individual document for our internal use. Could
you possibly send me the marketing strategy for the
new product being produced on assembly line two? I am
sorry about the website; we are experiencing some
technical difficulties. If you have any questions,
contact me on my office number.
Look forward to hearing from you.
Elizabeth Witt
Formal
To:lin.100@jahoos.com
Hi Lina,
How's it going?
Sorry I haven't been in touch for such a long time!!! but

I've had exams so I've been studying every free time I
have. Anyway, I'd love to hear all your news and I'm
hoping we can get together soon to catch up. We just
moved to a bigger place so maybe you can come and stop by
one weekend?
Your sister told me you were under the weather. What’s

wrong?
Looking forward to hearing from you!
Stefany
Formal Informal
To:lin.100@jahoos.com
Hi Lina,
How's it going?
Sorry I haven't been in touch for such a long time!!! but

I've had exams so I've been studying every free time I
have. Anyway, I'd love to hear all your news and I'm
hoping we can get together soon to catch up. We just
moved to a bigger place so maybe you can come and stop by
one weekend?
Your sister told me you were under the weather. What’s

wrong?
Looking forward to hearing from you!
Stefany
Informal
It’s your turn
Write both a formal and

an informal email on
the comments section
and for extra practice
reply to your
classmates’ emails.
Social Media
Posts
Grammar,
Spelling are
important
● Contractions
● Who’s your
audience?
● Why is this
important?
Don’t write out
numbers
The more long words

you write, the harder to
get your audience
attention.
Capitalize
CAPITALIZE just the

important words.
@/#
Tagging and hashtags

just for emphasis.
Spacing might
be tricky.
Use emojis.
It’s your turn
Make a post on Twitter

or Instagram tagging
@PlatziAcademy about
how learning English
with us has been.
WhatsApp
Role Play
Abbreviations
● Tbh = To be honest
● CUZ/BC= Because
● Omw= On my way
● Ofc= Of course
● Idc = I don’t care
● Idk= I don’t know
● ?4U =I have a question for you
Abbreviations
● 2= To ● ASAP= As Soon As
● 4= For Possible
● B4= Before ● AYT= Are you there?
● AFK= Away From ● BTW=By The Way
Keyboard ● CMB= Call Me Back
● PLS= Please
Abbreviations
● DIY= Do It Yourself ● GB= Goodbye

● DM=Direct Message ● J/K= Just Kidding
● FB=Facebook ● LOL= Laugh out loud
● FYI= For Your ● XO= Hugs and
Information Kisses/love
IDK anything about her!
I don’t know
It would know
I did know
IDK anything about her!
I don’t know
Don’t pay 4 that, just DIY!
Don’t pay four that, just domestic it yourself.
Don’t pay for that, just do it yourself.
Don’t pay further, just do it you.

Don’t pay 4 that, just DIY!
Don’t pay for that, just do it yourself.

FYI, I’m not going 2 travel 2mrw.
Find you in, I’m not going two travel 2mrw.
For your internet, I’m not going to travel tomorrow.
For your information, I’m not going to travel tomorrow.

FYI, I’m not going 2 travel 2mrw.
For your information, I’m not going to travel tomorrow.

CMB ASAP PS! LU
Comment me by “asap” Patricia! Laugh up
Call me back as soon as possible, please!

Love you
Can’t market blueberries as apple as pomelos

Lucia
CMB ASAP PS! LU
Call me back as soon as possible, please!

Love you
DIY!
What about making

comments on the
comment sections but
abbreviating some
words? Use the ones we
learnt in this class.
You made it!
Now you can:
● Recognize and write

different types of
paragraphs.
● Notice and write
both academically
and informally.
Now you can:
● Produce more
coherent texts.
● Understand
abbreviations.
● Use facts to support
your ideas.
Test what you have learned!
Get your certificate
What is your opinion
on this course?

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Intermediate

● Have taken the

Independent clause Dependent clause

It contains a Subordinating Conjunction,

Because I like it.

Although she looked tired.

Complex: Compound complex:

One or more One or more

● Although it was hard

I passed the exam,

● Unity means that a paragraph discusses only

● The main idea is stated in the topic sentence,

Many people make the mistake of joining a gym, and

Runners often have problems with their ankles

Lots of people love playing sports.

Runners often have problems with their ankles

A famous bar is located on the side of a mountain.

We have antique blue-tiled buildings at downtown.

It has lavish tree-lined boulevards with beautiful

The restaurants near the airport serve big portions.

We have antique blue-tiled buildings at downtown.

It has lavish tree-lined boulevards with beautiful

It means that your paragraph is easy to read and

● Your supporting sentences are in some kind of

● Your ideas are connected by the use of

● Using Consistent Pronouns

● Using Transition Signals

● Organizing the Points Logically

Read one of your fellow

Oshima, A, & Hogue, A. (1991) Writing Academic English NY, Longman

Dolphins are interesting because they display almost

Oshima, A, & Hogue, A. (1991) Writing Academic English NY, Longman

Singular you you your yours

he him his his

Singular she her her hers

Plural they them their theirs

Oshima, A, & Hogue, A. (1991) Writing Academic English NY, Longman

“When you drive into the airport you will see

TIME SPACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

“When you drive into the airport you will see

TIME SPACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

TIME SPACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

TIME SPACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

TIME SPACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

TIME SPACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

● Women live longer

Fact that needs proof

Fact that needs proof

Fact that needs proof

Fact that needs proof

Fact that needs proof

Fact that needs proof

- Dr. Brown said, “I

- The president stated

Women should pay attention to the

● Don’t forget to cite:

Use these verbs:

Use these expressions:

● How is the woman

Vanessa is a happy single mom. As she is

Vanessa is a happy single mom. As she is

Jewelry Electronic Clothing